| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "INCOME GAP WOMEN CANADA": |
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Income Gap and Women in Canada, 2006.
A discussion regarding discrimination against women in the Canadian labour market.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Canada has put in place several legislative devices in an attempt to ensure that women do not suffer discrimination. There has also been a growing recognition that discriminating against women in the labour market is unfair and should not be tolerated. This paper shows how although considerable gains have been made, women have not yet achieved equality in the Canadian labour market and that this, in fact, reflects a lingering and pervasive inequality of the sexes within Canadian society.
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The Income Gap, 2006.
A discussion of the poverty in America in the wake of hurricane Katrina.
1,451 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the income gap that became glaringly apparent after the hurricane Katrina disaster. The paper examines how living conditions of poor and middle class segments of society are indicators of the health of the economy and its wealth distribution. The paper further discusses how people have accepted that an income gap exists in American society and that these issues need to be addressed. The paper concludes that measures should be taken to narrow the gap if America wants to strengthen its economy.
From the Paper
"The issue of inequality is well known in the developing world but the question that has been raised time and again is the question of inequality in the United States of America.
If we look at history then we will come to know that the inequality was more defined in the beginning era in United States. The differences between the families living and working for plantations in South as compared to the wealthy household in the Northeast were very clear to the discerning eye."
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The Income Gap, 2002.
An examination of government policy in the United States that does not assist the increasing poverty levels.
1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper considers the existence of the poverty gap in the U.S. and puts forward the hypothesis that it is a self perpetuating problem. Issues considered include education, health and government policy. Many statistics are listed and various theories mentioned as to why this is an ever-increasing phenomenon.
From the Paper
"The evidence for an increasing income gap is clear, whilst the richest 10$% of the US have seen their income increase by 34% since 1989, the equivalent increase for the poorest 10% is only 1.3% (Stille). However, there is not total agreement regarding the manifestation and current trend of this poverty gap. In 1962, Michael Harrington wrote a book; the Other America, in which he told readers African Americans that were working had an average income of only 58% of their white counterparts, furthermore that more than 50% where not working (cited in Michael). However, this was an improvement on the former years, as this was up by 17 points on the figures from two decades before. The gap was still large, but decreasing in its size (Michael)."
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The National Income Gap, 2004.
A look at existing earning disparities between race and gender in today's United States.
1,005 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, if the population of full-time workers in the United States is, with slight exception, exactly representative of the U.S. population itself, why is there such disparity in earnings between certain groups when equality is so widely preached? It explores the reality of wage discrimination in the U.S., citing a number of statistics depicting this phenomenon. Some possible reasons are given for this wage gap, namely, discrimination and the socialization of women and minorities into lower-ranked professions.
From the Paper
"Kentucky?s neighbor to the north, Indiana, is similar in racial composition but somewhat different in income distribution between both race and gender. Although there are a smaller percentage of females in the workforce?only 39.8%, compared with Kentucky?s 42%, they earn a greater percentage of the total income distribution, although still making substantially less than similarly employed men. 49.8% of females earn less than $25,000 per year, compared with 23.3% of males; meanwhile, only 10% earn more than $50,000 annually, compared with more than 29% of men. Obviously, there is not enough difference between these figures and those for Kentucky to make much of an impact. In coastal and wealthier states, the earnings gap is narrower than in the South and Midwest, although truthfully not much more so."
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Income Differences in Canada, 2002.
Explores the reasons for the existence of individual income differences in the Canadian workforce.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 1 source, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the roots of income differences in the distribution of income among individuals in Canada. Comparative wage differential theory is largely dismissed and although flawed, human capital resource theory is advantageously employed. Finally, the origins and importance of regional income differentials is explored.
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temporarily unavailable
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Income and Equality in 19th Century Canada, 2002.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 14 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the distribution of wealth in Canada West (Ontario) over the last half of the nineteenth century. It examines income, income distribution, and equality. Evidence indicates that inequality increased throughout the period. A significant section is also dedicated to the question of women, income and wealth, concluding that they were one of the poorest segments of the population, particularly widow. 15 pgs. Bibliography lists 14 sources.
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Impediments to Health Care Access for Low Income Visible Minorities, 2002.
Identifies causal factors for the gap in health care access for lower-income Americans and visible minorities and the more affluent members of America's majority.
29,350 words (approx. 117.4 pages), 135 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
As the American population continues to become more diverse racially, members of visible minority groups within the population become more prominent. Simultaneously, with the increase in diversity, income distribution in the American economy has become more distorted. While economic growth in the United States has surged over the past decade, the income gap has widened; not only between the richest and poorest Americans, but also between moderate-income and low-income Americans. Members of visible minorities in the population tend to be represented disproportionately in the low-income and poverty classifications in the United States. While there is an abundance of implications of this state of affairs, one of the more crucial ones is access to health care. Individual and household financial capacity, the scarcity of employer-paid health insurance among small businesses, cultural differences based in social psychology and other factors frequently act as impediments to health care access for low-income individuals and households among visible minority population groups in the contemporary United States. This problem and these issues are investigated in this study. The study identifies causal factors for the gap in health care access between lower-income Americans and members of visible minorities in the United States, on the one hand, and more affluent Americans and members of the majority segment of the population, on the other hand. The initial chapter of this study delineates the problem investigated. Specific research questions are formulated and stated to provide greater focus for the investigation.
Social psychological theory and applied social psychology literature are reviewed in the second chapter. Literature relevant to the functioning of low-income and visible minority population groups in the United States within a social psychological context are reviewed in the third chapter. The fourth chapter is devoted to a review of literature relevant to both the health care system in the United States and the experiences of low-income and visible minority population groups in relation to health care access and health care delivery in the United States. An assessment of the problem investigated, performed within the structure of the research questions, is presented in the final (fifth) chapter. Conclusions drawn from the study findings are stated and recommendations for further research are made. The summary conclusions reached through the conduct of this study relate both to health care access and health care utilization by low-income persons and members of visible minorities. With respect to health care access, the summary conclusion reached is that a universal system of health care entitlement is required in the United States. In relation to health care utilization by low-income persons and members of visible minorities, the summary conclusion reached is that extensive education is required for both low-income persons and members of visible minorities, on the one hand, and health care providers, on the other hand. Low-income persons and members of visible minorities require education on the benefits and function of health care services, while health care providers require education in the social mores of the diverse populations they must serve.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Problem Delineation
Background on the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Review of Relevant Social Psychology Theory and Literature
Introduction
Sociological Theory and Health Care
The Welfare State
Accessing Contemporary Health Care
Role of Ethics in Accessing Health Care
Alternative Health Care Delivery Systems
Chapter Conclusions
Social Functioning of Low-Income and Visible Minority Population Groups
Introduction
HIV/AIDS Related Behavior
Initiatives to Improve Health Care
Access and Behaviors
The American Health Care System and the Experiences of Low-Income and Visible Minority Groups
Introduction
The American Health Care System
Analysis of Health Care Delivery Systems
Care Quality
Alternative Approaches to Health Care
Bioethical Issues
Problems of Accessibility
Initiatives to Improve Minority Access
Chapter Conclusions
Assessment of the Problem Discussion, Recommendations for Further Research
Appendices
Annotated Bibliography
From the Paper
"Social Cognitive Theory [self-efficacy] emphasizes the role of expectancies, self-efficacy, peer normative influences, and social competency skills as key components affecting adolescents? behaviors (DiClemente, Lodico, Grinstead, Harper, Rickman, Evans, & Coates, 1996). The applicability of models based on social psychological principles for understanding African-Americans? decision-making and sexual behavior has been questioned because most such models tend to be individually-focused and do not take into account the social context in which the behavior is embedded (Cochran & Mays, 1993). Social cognitive theory, however, explicitly integrates behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors as reciprocally interactive. Thus, given the hypothesized multi-factorial nature of sexual decision making and the potential impact of the high-risk social environment of the study population, approaches based on social cognitive theory are thought to be particularly relevant for understanding the myriad factors that may affect African-Americans? sexual behavior."
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Unequal Income Distribution, 2005.
An analysis of unequal income distribution in Canada and the reasons for the gaps.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 2 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether or not the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. The analysis examines the reasons for such a gap including provincial and federal taxation and ineffective approaches used to measure levels of poverty in Canada. The paper, however, does not take into consideration the socio-economic factors that affect poverty.
From the Paper
"Running head: Income Distribution Are the Rich Getting Richer and the Poor Getting Poorer Still Today? Are the Rich Getting Richer and the Poor Getting Poorer Still Today? Introduction Poverty does not discriminate. The poor can be found in every country around the world. The poorest of poor are typically found in underdeveloped countries, but this problem does not discriminate. Canada is a wealthy nation and one of the best countries to live and work in. Some Canadians believe that there are no poor people in Canada, none that are starving and dying like the images seen on the commercials for organizations such as World Vision and Foster Parent's Plan."
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Gender, Education and Income, 2008.
This paper examines the effect of educational attainment on the gender wage gap in Canada.
1,307 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper presents research that shows how there is a definite gender, education and income disparity in Canada that is deteriorating. The paper points out that these inequalities are more persistent in rural Canada and among non-white women and immigrants.
From the Paper
"Even though the educational disparity between women and men has almost disappeared, there is still an income gap between the two, with women earning up to 50 to 84 percent as much as men. The research for this paper confirms this finding. When the research looks at non-white women, women who are immigrants, and women who reside in more rural areas, particularly Alberta, the education/income distances grow wider."
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Racial Disparities in Wealth and Income Studies, 2003.
Discusses why it is important to study wealth along with income in examining inequalities in America.
1,306 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines racial differences in income and wealth, with particular focus on both the wealth and income gap and the difference between each. The paper examines the difference between wealth and income, specifically, pertaining to African-Americans and Caucasians in the United States.
From the Paper
"Many people have sources of money other than their income. Such other resources of money can be referred to as a person?s wealth or net-worth. Income is all earnings, money, wages or payments one is periodically receiving. It?s the flow of money regularly from one source to another. Wealth is equivalent to total assets minus liabilities. This means that wealth consists of stocks, real estate, trusts, bonds, mutual funds, etc. In this country, wealth is more important than income because it brings power and prestige with it. In other words, wealth makes one credible. It carries a certain aura to have wealth; it means everything one owns is paid off, they do are not in debt to any person or institution. Many people have no wealth, solely income."
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Income Disparities in Latin America, 2002.
This paper discusses income disparities in Latin America: The history, main causes, the different countries, high-income disparities, ethnicity and gender, and possible solutions.
5,725 words (approx. 22.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 138.95
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Abstract
This paper states that, although inequality and high levels of income disparity represent major challenges confronting economists and leaders in many parts of the world, the problem is particularly severe in the Latin American countries. The author believes that the root of this phenomenon lies in the region's colonial history and the exploitation of the indigenous population as slave labor for agriculture and tapping the mines. The paper concludes that these stubborn patterns of inequality can be overcome if determined efforts are made to open political and social policies to all and to provide access by the poorer sections to social services. Footnotes.
Table of Contents
Income Disparities in Latin America
Measuring Inequality: Some Recent Studies
Latin America: How Unequal?
Income Disparity in Latin America: Getting Worse?
Is Poverty and Income Disparity Related?
Historical Roots of Inequality in Latin America
Comparison with Colonization of North America
Persisting Patterns of Inequality
Social, Economic and Political Changes in the 20th Century
Roles of Race, Ethnicity and Gender in Income Disparities
Racial Identification
Ethnic Identification
Identity Formation and Discrimination
Assets of Households
Access to Services
Average Incomes
What do the Race and Gender-Related Income Statistics Mean?
The Consequences of Inequality
Considered Unfair
Results in Greater Poverty
Affects Economic Growth
Current Backlash
Solutions for Reducing the Inequality in Latin America
More Open Political and Social Institutions
More Equitable Economic Institutions and Policies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Poverty and income disparity are not the same concepts. Poverty may decline in a country or region where income disparity is increasing. However, experience has shown that such a situation occurs rarely and inequality and poverty are closely related. This is because in a growing economy with stable levels of inequality, poverty invariably falls. As a result the Latin American region showed significant reduction in poverty levels in the 1970s, when its economies were growing with a corresponding drop in inequality. On the other hand, the 1980s saw a fall in incomes and more unequal income distribution?resulting in accelerated increase in poverty."
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Income Disparity and Age, 2005.
A comparison of income disparity and pension plans for the elderly in the US and Canada.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 10 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper compares statistics from the United States and Canada in terms of income disparity and age, showing how the elderly earn less and may be retired so that they are dependent on pensions and government payments to live,. The paper analyzes how the retirement system in Canada is better shaped to maintain a level for the elderly than is the Social Security system in the United States.
From the Paper
"Income inequality has been examined from a number of perspectives, noting the wide disparity between the income of the richest and the poorest, between people in different jobs, between genders, between different racial groups, and on the basis of age. Many such inequalities are evidence of unfair distribution, while that for age suggests certain characteristics of working life as the cause. An examination of the age disparities in the United States and Canada show why this is so and also suggest some differences between the two countries. Income disparities exist within age groups and have more to do with unfair distribution caused by such other factors as race and gender, along with expected differences on the basis of education."
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Income Disparity Measurement, 2005.
This paper discusses the problems of measuring income disparity especially in the developing world.
5,390 words (approx. 21.6 pages), 23 sources, APA, $ 132.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that sociologists and politicians have become extremely worried about the growth in international and national income disparity especially in developing countries, which is considered to be the cause of political strife. The author stresses that calculating the level of income disparity in developed or under-developed societies is not easy; two different studies of one particular country, at the exact same time, can come to two different conclusions. The paper proposes a comparative analysis of the various structures and theories of income disparity measurements being utilized by the third world countries, which are comprehensive enough to accurately evaluate income disparities with all independent variable, such as color, gender, rural/urban, economical system and occupation. Tables and graphs.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Research Questions
General Questions
Specific Questions
Background of the Study
The Histories Context of Income Disparity:
Literature Review
A Brief Overview of the Income Disparity Measurement Methods Being Used
Critical Analysis of these Measurement Methods
Problems with the Use of these Methods within Countries
Ideas about the Gaps that Exist
What is Wrong with the Present Methods being Used?
Theoretical Framework
Summary of the Theoretical Framework
Hypothesis
General Questions
Specific Questions
Research Design
Operationalization Variables
Data Collected
Analysis Plan
Causal Diagram (Ordinary Least Squares Regression)
Conclusion
Table: World Population and Total poverty
Table: Education Spending in relation to the Total GDP and Total Expenditure of the Governments
Table: The Percentage of Income Sharing between the Richest and the Poorest
Table: Gender Related Income Distribution
Table: Occupation and Unemployment Rates
From the Paper
"A substitute structure of measurement frequently employed by the third world has been the use of per capita GNP facts and figures (GNP/c), however, the consideration of purchasing power parity (PPP) has been made and changes have been made accordingly. The changes made in this system compare the local prices of products, merchandise and services of that particular country with the international prices of the same commodities. By utilizing the identical comparative prices for each and every product and services, the researchers evaluated the income measurements that had been changed for purchasing power parity (PPP). The results of the measurements model that considers the purchasing power parity (PPP) and changes the GNP/c accordingly is different from the model that disregards the changes."
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Income Tax and Children, 2002.
Examines the treatment of children in income tax systems, with particular attention to Canada.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper employs the Haig-Simons definition of income and defines the arguments for and against including dependent children in an income tax system. It then assesses 1993 changes to the Canadian income tax system regarding dependent children.
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