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The Impact of TV Commercials on Children under 13, 1990.
This paper discusses the impact of television commercials on children under the age of 13: Research, fantasy vs. reality, desire for products, attention span, styles of ad presentation and effects on family life.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 10 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"The typical American child spends 30 percent of his waking hours in front of a television set. For most children, this adds up to between 28 and 33 hours per week of TVwatching. Small wonder, then, that many people are concerned about the effects of television, particularly television commercials, on youngsters. Advertisers are becoming increasingly sophisticated in their persuasive techniques in this age of deregulation, and children are still the easiest targets of all. In this paper we will examine the impact of TV commercials on children under 13, with special attention to current research, the discrimination between fantasy and reality, the desire for products, the effects on children's attention spans, styles of ad presentation, and some effects on family life."
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TV Commercials and Children, 2008.
A review of the effects of television commercials on the eating habits of children.
892 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses surveys which study the effect of TV commercials on children. The paper relates that the food industry has increased its advertising to all ages, including children, which is having a negative impact on their health. The paper suggests that companies should be held responsible for their influence on children, or at least present a more rounded view of food and nutrition. The paper also states that children have been bombarded by food marketing, which has resulted in higher rates of obesity. The paper ,after referring to various situations, concludes that a relationship has been found between television commercials and eating.
From the Paper
"A similar study was conducted in Europe, where children do not eat enough fruit and vegetables and where exposure to TV is negatively associated with the intake of these foods. This study by Klepp et. al. (2007) explored exposure to food commercials on TV in nine European countries with approximately 12, 750 children to determine the association between this exposure and attitudes toward eating fruits and vegetables. The authors state that the children report exposure more to more unhealthy foods than healthy ones such as fruits and vegetables. However, those who were exposed to fruit and vegetable TV ads were much more positively disposed toward eating these foods. These findings point to the important, and more positive, role that TV could play in supporting healthy eating messages."
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Analysis of Women in TV Commercials, 2002.
A paper which examines the portrayal of women through television advertising and its cultural and economic effects.
3,300 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
Despite constant pleas from feminists to TV advertisers to start portraying women accurately, erroneous and limiting stereotypes still prevail. If women are not depicted as the happy homemaker, they are being promoted as nameless, faceless objects of desire. These labels contribute much to impeding women's advancement into the traditionally male-dominated political, economic and social arenas. This paper defines what the images of women are that are projected through television commercials as well as determine the economic and cultural influences that mitigate such stereotypes. The writer shows that only in identifying the problem and measuring its gravity can we start to effectively reverse such restrictive portrayals of women in TV advertisements.
From the Paper
"It is interesting to note that there are not any absolute rules or codes of conduct for the advertising industry. It is understood that governments do not intervene directly in terms of advertising content as long as the content does not violate any universal definitions of decency. Normally there is an industry organisation that regulates the kinds of material bombarded on the public. Glory Dharmaraj, the Women's Division executive secretary for justice education recognizes that advertisers, sponsors and television writers control the media, "Viewers may not pay to watch TV but they buy the advertised products . . . [Mass media]'s first responsibility is not to tell the truth, or even to [viewers], but to corporate America." There aren't any hard and fast solutions to this problem but in the long term, it is believed that if there were to be a substantial increase in the number of women occupying positions of power and authority in the media industry as well as in big business, this would contribute much to addressing this dilemma. And who knows, maybe a few decades from now the focus will shift from one of inaccurate portrayals of women in television advertising to inaccurate portrayals of men in television advertising."
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TV Commercials, 2004.
An opinion paper, which argues the commercial benefit of television advertising.
1,689 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper establishes that advertising has a very fundamental and valuable contribution in as much that it fuels economic and social progress. The writer argues that advertising stimulates economic growth through creating new desires, thereby increasing the demand for goods and services. This paper also states how advertising allows consumers to make informed purchase decisions. It concludes that advertising revenue enables affordable, mass access to popular television programming, such as news and talk shows, which then leads to information, knowledge, and debate on issues of social concern.
From the Paper
"Though a simplistic definition of the advertising discipline is ??a commercial communication from an identified sponsor, which uses various commercial platforms, such as newspapers, radio, TV, billboards, satellite, Internet, to connect with an audience, e.g. customers,? the importance of the function is really seen in the role it plays in economic and social development. Advertising stimulates competition among providers of goods and services leading to the development of higher quality products, a better standard of living, increased consumer demand, employment generation, and incremental government revenue through sales tax and more taxable income. Advertising also increases consumer welfare, as it allows buyers to choose the product or service that best meets their needs, based on the information provided. The importance of the advertising industry in economic and social development is further reflected in the fact that advertising revenues are a significant source of finance for media, educational programming, and entertainment. Newspapers, magazines, cable, satellite, broadcast services, and the Internet depend on advertising support to keep their prices affordable (The Liberation of Advertising Services, Nov. 2002)."
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Children and TV Advertisements, 2002.
A behavioral study into children's television viewing habits, with special focus on commercial watching.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
By observing different child subjects, the writer of this paper found that while watching TV, children create their own imaginary world and are totally engrossed in it for a period of time. The writer shows that despite recent surveys showing the hazardous effect television has on children's intelligence and social skills, kids are in fact not totally engrossed with the program. The writer discusses how during the program they also insert several tasks such as inviting friends over. The question is asked why certain children lose interest in television programming during commercials and begin other tasks and whether there are any other factors from the commercial itself that prevent them from watching? The research combines behavior observation and questionnaire method to determine how children really feel and think about commercials and the reasons why they leave them.
From the Paper
"During the program an observer will need to take notes on how the children behave during commercial break. Since children are doing this at their convenient time and feel nothing different with their ordinary task, it is predicted that they also have several other tasks or objects that usually they have around. Some predicted actions might include starting a chat with other family members, poking their partners and having mischief time, tipping a snack, heading to kitchen to find some other things to eat, having their heads in the clouds, falling asleep, being busy with their toys, books, or tapes, or even starting a phone call. In other case I have even found that some students study for exams while watching TV, since it relieved their boredom and anxiety before an exam. The observer will record everything during the experiment and the possible factors that may trigger the kids on doing that."
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Children, TV and American Values., 2002.
A study of the effect of TV on children.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 0 sources, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a look at children, television and American values. The writer collects and reviews empirical evidence about the way television affects American values in the children of the nation. The writer uses a survey approach and conducts a study of children age 5-10 year old and combines the results in this paper.
From the Paper
"American values are as American as apple pie. When one has children one of the things they hope for is that they can raise those children to have strong American values, which might include respect for others, hard work and the ability to accept diversity. Often times the lack of American values is blamed on the things that children watch on television. Experts claim that the television shows that are popular today with children send a message to the children that they do not have to have values to be well liked and successful in life. Research is firmly divided on the issue and the debate continues. American values can be confusing for anyone who has to depend solely on television to attain them. Television shows today target audiences of children not only with the content of the show but with the commercials that are supporting the show. Even when the age bracket in question is not being targeted they watch and they learn from the messages that are sent."
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The Effect of TV on Children, 1992.
A pro-TV stance on why TV is a positive influence, arguing that exposure to real-life situations prepares them, using "Social Animal" as support and also discussing TV as an essential educational tool ("Sesame Street").
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Television's effects on children are a largely debated topic. Everyone seems to have research reporting either the "negative" or "positive" effects of television on children. Every parent's worst nightmare is of raising a six-year-old TV addict. He watches TV in the morning before school. He gets home and sits down right in front of the TV. He has an extra dose after dinner to calm him down for bed. He has trouble reading and exhibits restless and combative behavior in class. Is this monster really in existence, or are the harmful effects of TV on children exaggerated? This report will discuss why TV is a very postive influence on children, and it will express how it helps them become better adjusted "social animals" by exposing them to real-life situations before they have the pain and shock of encountering them unprepared. Relevant concepts from ..."
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Children and TV Violence, 1999.
A look at how violence in children can be directly linked to TV.
1,032 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The average American child watches three to four hours of television daily. This paper looks at violence on television and how it subliminally effects children. The author argues that the amount of time children watch TV, regardless of content, should be moderated, because it keeps children from doing more beneficial activities such as reading and playing with friends.
From the Paper
"It?s three o?clock in the Smith residence and little Johnny just arrived home from school. He is greeted by his mother, and she asks him how his day was and they talk for a couple minutes, similar to the routine in many households. After they are done talking, Johnny decides that he?s going to watch some television. While Johnny?s mother is ironing in the other room, little does she know that her son was watching the wild coyote attempting to blow the roadrunner?s head off."
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Sex on TV and Children, 1994.
This paper discusses the effect of sex on television on children: Psychological, emotional and behavioral impact of sexual themes and situations, regulation, programming, theory, commercials and cable.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 9 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"In the early 1970s, studies reported that, since 1945, 99 percent of the homes in the United States had acquired at least one television set Television has now become the leading vehicle for disseminating information to Americans. Although many people place little importance on television's implantation of the images in their brains, research has shown that humans slowly turn into whatever images they carry in their minds. The images they see on television are conveyed to their brains by light; and the proof that these images are ingrained in their brains is demonstrated by the fact that they often have vivid memories of the things which they see on television. For instance, many children recall seeing their first romantic kiss on television. And the images which children see on television become the mirror against which they later ... "
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Children and TV, 1993.
Examines the effects of gender stereotyping of TV characters, discussing TV as a message-giver, advertising, ratings, family roles, sexism and socialization.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 18 sources, $ 111.95
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From the Paper
"INTRODUCTION
Television is considered a powerful force in American life, whether for good or for ill, and the latter distinction has been much argued over the history of television broadcasting. One of the issues raised in recent years involves how television serves as an example in teaching gender roles to children, and this issue has become more heated as gender roles in society at large have been challenged, analyzed, and tested with the shifts in thinking and behavior that have taken place over the last two decades. It is not surprising that critics of television cannot agree on the effect of gender role presentation in the media when they cannot agree among themselves on what types of gender roles should be projected in the first place. Some theorists have simply approached the issue with the question as to whether or ..."
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TV Violence and Children, 2000.
A discussion of TV violence and how it effects children's lives.
2,340 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
A look at the the effects of TV violence on the lives of children. The author includes real life examples and examines the constitutional attack on television violence as child violence escalates. An examination of the debates taking place.
From the Paper
"In most people?s homes there sits an outlet for violence that often goes unnoticed. It is the television, and the children who view it are often pulled into its realistic world of violent scenes with sometimes devastating results. Most parents don?t realize what their children are being exposed to. They know that their children are watching TV, whether they know what they?re watching or not, and how it can affect them later in life is a different story."
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TV Advertising And Children, 1989.
Emphasizes the negative effects. Contends that TV ads foster unhealthy attitudes. Also discusses TV violence.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to discuss television advertising and its affect on children, particularly in light of the fact that children have a difficult time differentiating between advertising and programming, much of which today is of a violent nature. In addition, the research will review what kinds of protections there are for children versus the rights of advertisers and television stations, and what have been the positions of consumer groups and governmental agencies with respect to television advertising and children. Television, both from a programming and advertising point of view, is having a dramatic, and some believe negative, impact on child development. Therefore, it is important to look at steps parents can take to respond to the barrage of advertising stimulation received by their youngsters."
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Children, TV and Video Games, 2008.
This paper looks at the effects of television and video games on children.
3,172 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that controls are placed on certain products and on advertising when targeted to children. The rules covering these regulations have changed over the yeas, based on perceptions of potential harm to children and the Internet age has raised new issues related to video and computer games, the content of which is often violent. The writer points out that television is a special case because it comes into the home and because controls can be imposed more easily as broadcasters must adhere to the requirement to serve the public in exchange for a license. Today, though, most people get television through cable, with many channels that are specifically for cable, and the same regulations and controls do not apply. The writer explains that this reduces the ability of government to pass and enforce rules on content for children. The writer notes that video and computer games are also widespread, though some regulations have been passed to reduce the ability of children to get such games if they are deemed to be not for children, largely through a ratings system with varying degrees of adherence to imposed norms. The writer maintains that concerned parents still want more rational and more effective controls on such content and a solution to the problem.
From the Paper
"Advertising on programs for children has been under fire for many years. Some object to images of violence, as with the sale of war toys or cowboy gear, and others object to unrealistic images of women, exemplified by products like the Barbie doll. Controversy has also centered on the very concept of developing the next generation of consumers, with some seeing television advertising to children as a way of creating a need where none existed and selling products that are not needed while accustoming children to the idea of being consumers. At some level, this can be a more abstract fear, not as clearly tied to a specific product or type of image, but it can be quite persuasive when one consider the number of ads directed at children, the way toys and other products are sold to children, and the way other products are geared to children, such as sugary cereals and soft drinks. Advertising to all markets increases at certain times of the year, notably in the fall into December, with advertising developed for Christmas and the buying season then and after as bargains attract buyers into the new year. An analysis of the commercials directed at a young audience for films, DVDs, and video games shows some of the selling methods and the appeal made to young people as well as the pervasive nature of such advertising messages, increasing as they do during the months before Christmas in order to increase sales of these products."
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Children and TV Violence, 2001.
A look at the effects of television on the lives of children.
1,515 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, $ 49.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the author looks at the advantages and disadvantages children experience by watching a lot of television. There is also a discussion of approaches that parents can take to reduce the negative impact of television viewing.
From the Paper
"The effects of TV are seen in children?s values, lifestyles, role models, eating, sleeping, health, family interaction & buying habits. Extensive studies have been made on the impact of television. The type of programs and the amount of time a child watches may have an affect on their aggression level. "
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TV Violence and Children, 2002.
This paper examines the effects of viewing televised violence on children.
2,987 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of televised violence on children and questions whether a problem exists at all. It provides a literature review of the sources available and background research in the field. It also examines the implications of such a research and need for further study in the field. The paper focuses on research that is available dealing with the impact of television violence on aspects of child development.
From the Paper
"Statements about the impact of televised violence are not always supported by the research, but may sometimes reflect people's opinions about that issue. There is also a great deal of uncertainty about the impact of televised violence on developing brains, and contradictions within the literature regarding the impact of watching televised violence on children's behavior. Thus, in looking at two different books on child development, I found many different opinions, but little discussion of the available research. One asserted unequivocally that watching televised violence has a variety of negative effects (Leach, 1997). The other book was more equivocal noting that there was not adequate research regarding the impact of too much video viewing, in general, on attention problems in children, and that we really do not know what television and video do to the growing brain, even though there are likely to be neurological consequences with any repeated exposure to a stimulus (Healy, 1994)."
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