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The Image of the Robot, 2006.
This paper studies how robots are portrayed in modern literature, art and film.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the portrayal of robots in contemporary literature and fiction. According to the author, the image of the robot is presented in all its best and worst aspects. The paper discusses technological dystopia, focusing on the more negative issues surrounding robots and highlighting their significance. The paper addresses the questions of why robots are portrayed so often in modern culture, why their qualities cause both admiration and resentment from audiences, and what the underlying human issues are that the artists want audiences to realize.
From the Paper
"In stories pertaining to robots, they are almost always endowed with a humanlike appearance. In Isaac Asimov's Robot Series ("Caves of Steel", "The Naked Sun", "Robots of Dawn", "Robots and Empire"), there's one robot character that is the most human of all robots. His name is R. Daneel Olivaw (in the books, the "R" stands for "Robot"). He is virtually indistinguishable from an ordinary human, apart from the seeming perfection of his physical appearance. He can think, talk, and move like a human. He also seems to displays emotion. The character has used this quality to disguise himself as a human, thereby deceiving the real humans and other robots. In the movie "The Terminator", the robot from the future named as "T800" was so advanced in its physical qualities that it can only be recognized as a robot by its superior strength and total lack of human emotion. In "Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines", a more advanced robot, the "T-X" (Terminatrix), has a female appearance but much more powerful than its "male" predecessors. Other movies, such as the "I, Robot", do not have "human" robots but the basic body structure used is still humanlike. In the movie "Stepford Wives", the woman robots look disturbingly real and perfect."
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Robotics, 2002.
An insight into the subject of robotics and robots.
4,231 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses robotics, a technology that deals with the design, construction and operation of robots that are used in numerous applications. It looks at how these applications range from industries that require accurate and repetitive tasks (such as the car and computer manufacturing industries), dangerous tasks such as diffusing of bombs and other chores that cannot be performed by humans, e.g., carrying out research on far-away planets, or walking inside live volcanoes. It provides a description of what robots are and how they work, the history of robotics, the present applications of robots, the impact of robots in our lives and their limitations as well as the future of robots. It also discusses how close we are in the development of a ?bionic? man.
Outline
Robotics and Robots Defined
Origins of the Word ?Robot? and ?Robotics?
History of Robotics
How Robots Work?
Applications of Robots
The Future of Robotics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although robots as we know them today are a relatively recent invention, the idea of automated machine or a mechanical man has fascinated the human mind since the ancient times. For example, the ancient Greek poet Homer in his writings described maidens of gold, who are supposed to be mechanical helpers built by Hephaistos, the Greek god of metalsmiths. Similarly, in ancient Jewish legend, robot-like servants made of clay are brought to life by a spoken charm. (Tesler) In more recent times, Leonardo da Vinci, the ?Renaissance man? drew plans for a mechanical man. Eighteenth century watchmakers were also famous for making mechanical, robot-like creatures. (Bekey)"
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Artificial Minds: Autonomous Robots, 2001.
Two case-studies of relatively simple autonomous robot projects followed by a discussion of embodied cognition, emergent behaviour and how these concepts apply to the above robots.
1,595 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This document is comprised of case studies of two autonomous robot projects, namely Frank Scott's Hexapod Robots, and MIT's Robot Ant Colony. Each case study describes the behaviour each robot exhibits, and technical information on how this behaviour is executed including mechanical parts, digital circuitry and programming techniques. The case studies are followed by a discussion of embodied cognition, and how the above robots' actions can be explained in terms of embodied cognition. It also discusses emergent phenomenon, both in nature and artificially intelligent robots.
From the Paper
"The Rodney series of robots refers to a group of three six-legged autonomous robots whose design is based upon Rodney Brooks' subsumption architecture. Rodney 3 is the most refined and recent robot. It supersedes both Rodney 1 & 2 and for this reason will be the focus of this summary. Rodney 3 is designed to operate in an environment featuring a slightly uneven surface that may be interrupted by many small obstacles and an occasional large obstacle, e.g. a pebbled track with the odd large stone or similar obstacle. The robot's task is to climb over the smaller objects, and to avoid objects that are too large to climb over. To achieve the climbing action, all six legs must be able to operate independently of each other. The robot travels forward in a straight line until a large object is encountered. To avoid the object, it must reverse a few steps, shift its direction and continue its forward motion."
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Modular Robots, 2002.
A survey paper on the enhancement of robotic technology by the development of modular reconfigurable robots.
3,814 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
Conventional robots have always been thought to be humanoid in form or as advanced computerized machines working on the shop floor. This has been so because the tasks given to the robot have been predefined and the terrain predictable and helpful. But in cases where both mission and geography are unknown, the ability to change in shape could be of very great value, since the robots could adapt to constantly changing tasks and systems. The paper shows that modular reconfigurable robots, made by interconnnecting multiple, simple and similar units, can perform such shape shifting. The paper describes how such types of high-utility robots are being developed in many research labs around the world, with one already in the experimental stage at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in California. It is postulated that systems of this kind would be useful for remote autonomous operations, particularly in hostile environments, such as under the sea, at a scene of natural disaster, and on other planets. This paper externalizes the development in design and technology of such modular robots and also highlights their various applications.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Development of Reconfigurable Robots
Three Types of Reconfigurable Robots
Programming Perplexities
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Each module contains a Motorola PowerPC 555 embedded processor with 1 megabyte of external RAM. This is a relatively powerful processor to have on every module and its full processing power has not yet been utilized. The final goal of full autonomy may require the use of these processors and memory. Each module communicates over a local bus within chains of segments using the (controller area network) CANbus standard. The six sided nodes will have switching and routing capability to pass messages from segment chain to segment chain."
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"Robots of Dawn", 2002.
A discussion of American author, Isaac Asimov's "Robots of Dawn".
2,206 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper begins with an introduction to the life of Isaac Asimov, one of America's most gifted authors whose interest in chemistry and invention of the three laws of robotics, led him to write "Robots of Dawn". The paper then discusses these laws of robotics before analyzing the novel, including plots and characters.
Paper Outline:
I. Introduction
II. Isaac Asimov?s Background
1. Asimov as Visionary
2. Machine Intelligence
3. Laws of Robotics
III. Robots of Dawn Summary
1. History of Earth and Aurora
2. Setting
IV. Strength of Characters Gladia, Baley, and Fastolfe
1. Human versus Robot Characteristics
3. Conflict Between Characters
Conclusion?Qualities of Robots of Dawn
From the Paper
"Asimov was successful in illustrating that robots can have not only a different kind of moral system than the humans, but a different level of intelligence as well. This is demonstrated in the characteristics of the Spacers. By exploiting the fact that humans don?t handle rapid calculations very well, Asimov creates the perfect setting for Aurora, which was the first extra-solar planet settled by what Asimov referred to as the Spacers. (Asimov 43). Aurora has a completely different social society than the Earth people do and the way they go about socializing is complex. Asimov?s robots engage in sex with an extremely casual attitude, and interestingly enough, sex is a considerable part of the novel. Procreation is reserved only for the married and that is the only reason that a marriage permit will be granted. Clearly, Asimov is making a conscious decision to make them different from the Earth people. He allows the Earth people to hold on to conservative beliefs while giving the robots total freedom. By giving the Aurorans their own identity, Asimov is giving them depth as well. They are not seen as cold or flat characters, but rather interesting, engaging, and sometimes likable."
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The Social Impact of Robots, 2007.
This paper discusses the new generation of consumer robots in Japanese society.
1,372 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that, while industrial robots have been around for some time, humanoid robots, designed to function as partners of human beings, are making their way onto the marketplace and into mainstream society. The paper discusses how Japanese society is embracing this new generation of robots that are designed to make their lives easier at home and at work. The paper details how Japan is leading the world in a new generation of consumer robots; robots that enter the workplace as receptionists, night watchmen, hospital workers, guides and even as personal companion pets!
From the Paper
"From 1952-1968, Tetsuwan Astomu, known outside Japan as Astro Boy, was a popular cartoon series created by Japanese cartoonist Osamu Tezuka (Robot). Astro Boy, supposedly born in 2003, went on to become a television series that ran from 1963-1966, with a new version running from 1980-1981 (Robot). Robots are no longer things of the distant future, but are beginning to appear throughout society for numerous and various purposes (Robot)."
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Industrial Robots, 2004.
An overview of the uses of industrial robots in technology today.
2,210 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This college level paper on industrial robots clearly defines and outlines the general characteristics of an industrial robot. This paper also highlights the technical parts of an industrial robot and how, with the help of these parts, a robot is able to perform a number of tasks. This paper also specifies the use of robots in manufacturing.
From the Paper
"In 1961, the automatons at General Motor Corporation made a promise of giving the world a flexible automation with high microprocessor power and artificial intelligence. This resulted in full potential industrial robots. The history of robots can be traced back to the 1920s when Karel Capek depicted the world to comprise of millions of intelligent machines that were designed to be perfect and tireless workers. Many people misunderstand what an industrial robot is. They often confuse terms such as remote-controlled, automations and numerical controlled with the term industrial robot. This is due in part to false impressions created by the science fiction and in part to the way robots actually developed. An industrial robot is basically a specialized machine tool that is consistent, unchanging, unthinking and untiring. Such robots are greatly suited for repetitive, unskilled or semiskilled, monotonous and burdensome tasks. They are also useful for jobs that would be hazardous for a person to perform."
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Can Robots Have a Mind?, 2005.
A discussion on whether robots can have a mind based on the movie "A.I".
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how in the film "AI" we see a sweet and loving boy robot which brings up an interesting philosophical question. Is it possible that a robot could have a mind's? It discusses how it is more realistic to consider real life computer technologies and what it means to have a mind. It argues that it is not possible for a robot to have a mind.
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Artificial Intelligence: Can a Robot have a Mind?, 2005.
A discussion on whether robots can actually think for themselves and have a mind.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In Steven Spielberg's film "AI", the character David is a robotic boy. David looks, walks and talks like a human child. He also loves his mother(after she programs him to do so). Yet at all times, we know that David is not a human being, he is an artificial construction with a computerized mind. This paper considers whether or not such a robot can have a mind and argues that in fact robots can have a mind.
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Robotic Lawnmower: Product Development and Launch, 2008.
An analysis of the various aspects that are involved with the development and launch of the robotic lawnmower.
2,244 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the product development of the robotic lawnmower. It discusses the products' needs, features and benefits and its competitive advantage. The paper then provides a financial analysis of the product, including sales forecast and its life cycle. Finally, the paper discusses the launch management plan for the robotic lawnmower.
Table of Contents:
Product Development
Needs
Features
Benefits
Market Research Method
Competitive Advantage
Financial Analysis
Sales Forecast
Life Cycle Concept
New Product Process
Designs for Speed to Market
Design for Ease of Manufacture
Design to Meet Customer Needs
Design for Environment
Development Team Management
Strategic Launch Planning
Implementation of Launch Cycle
Market Testing
Launch Management Plan
Overview
Objectives
Potential Issues
Contingencies
Tracking
Objections to Launch
Product Failure
From the Paper
"There are several reasons or scenarios in which the Robotic lawnmower might be determined to be a product failure. The most basic potential cause of product failure is related to the product quality itself. Should the design and engineering process as well as the design and manufacturing process fail to adequately model all possible use outcomes once the product is launched an inherent design flaw that leads to chronic breakdowns and poor performance would lead to a complete market failure of the product. Allowing for such contingencies is part of the general strategic marketing strategy development upon which individual product launch plans are based as a matter of course (Lim, Acito & Rusetski, 2006). The other primary reason for product failure would be directly attributed to poor market research. Market research that is designed to develop an understanding and cost-rationale based on potential demand for the Robotic Lawnmower that fails to adequately assess real demand, will lead to poor sales performance which would equate to the same product failure and a quality issue: low demand and poor market image."
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"I, Robot" ( Isaac Asimov ) & "Blade Runner" ( Ridley Scott ), 1999.
Compares robots in Asimov's novel & replicants in Scott's film.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Compares robots in Asimov's novel & replicants in Scott's film. Discusses the paradox that , even as human beings in the real world seek to develop machines that can think, it is also apparent that these same human beings fear such machines.
From the Paper
" Artificial intelligence is a dream of mankind, but it is also an elusive one. Science has created machines that can emulate certain human thought processes at high speed, but these machines cannot really be said to think. In fiction, however, the problems involved can be solved, and robots have been presented in fiction which are very human in the way they think. However, even as human beings in the real world seek to develop machines that can think, it is also apparent that these same human beings fear such machines. In fiction, this is often addressed by the development of rules for the conduct of robots and androids, and yet often these rules can be bent quite far by the intelligent machines at which the rules are directed. Isaac Asimov created perhaps the most famous set of such rules in his Three Laws of robotics, logical rules that the author uses to.."
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Robots and Technology in the Movies, 2004.
An analysis of how the representation of technology in the movie "A.I:Artificial Intelligence" has developed since earlier cinematic portrayals of robots.
2,963 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper assesses the extent to which films have changed their views on technology, with time looking at certain films from different eras. It looks at "Metropolis" (Fritz Lang, 1926), "Blade Runner" (Ridley Scott, 1982) and compares them to the recent work "AI: Artificial Intelligence" (Steven Spielberg, 2001). It also argues that films, regardless of the time setting, predominantly represent the more negative aspects of technology.
From the Paper
"Technophobia is a theory, submitted by Michael Ryan and Douglas Kellner that signifies the fear of machinery or technology, as a threat to the human race. However, films containing technophobic views often affirm fears of society as well as the basic threat that technological advances pose, as it signifies ?the triumph of radical change over traditional social institutions? . With this in mind it seems that films, regardless of the time setting, predominantly represent the more negative aspects of technology. I shall be arguing that the time period in which films are made will affect the outcome, be it positive or negative."
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Genetics, Nanotechnology and Robots, 2008.
A look at the rapid advancement of technology and how what was once fiction is now becoming reality.
1,179 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how within the next three decades, according to the implementation of Moore's Law, technology may have advanced to the point that intelligent, self-replicating robots are as ubiquitous as cell phones today. It looks at how although this great advancement in technology offers many possible benefits to humanity it also poses a great risk such as self-replicating robots desiring to exterminate the human species, which is common fodder for the science fiction genre. The paper also discusses how this fiction is quickly evolving into fact, thanks to technological development, in the areas of genetics, nanotechnology, and robotics, and their unrestricted advancement.
From the Paper
"As noted by advocates, the advancements of genetics, nanotechnology, and robotics, offer innovative and unique benefits to humanity. The progression of genetic engineering technologies has already seen the development of crops that are disease-resistant, grow in greater abundance, and have nutritional components that are not native to the plant, such as the Vitamin A enriched rice (Joy 224), that is a life-saving development for those starving in Third World countries. Nanotechnology as well could be a boon to mankind, with its potential to not only be the tools needed to develop cures for every imaginable disease and ailment, but also create everything easily and inexpensively (224). "
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Total Hip Arthroplasty, 2004.
An overview of the surgical procedure of total hip arthroplasty.
949 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how 144,000 total hip arthroplasties are performed annually in the United States and how, of these, approximately 100,000 are due to osteoarthritis of the hip joint. It examines how candidates for total hip replacements most commonly present with pain and often with reduced range of motion and how a total hip arthroplasty is performed only when all other possible methods of treatment have failed. It shows how the main cause for choosing this treatment option is osteoarthritis, the degeneration of articular cartilage in the joint, and how other causes include rheumatoid arthritis, trauma, post traumatic arthritis, and congenital deformities.
Outline
Clinical Applications
Anatomy
Procedure
Problems
Image-Guided Robotic Approach
From the Paper
"The intraoperative problems associated with total hip arthroplasty are thrombophlebitis (a blood clot in the large veins of the leg), infection, nerve injury, vascular injury, cement reaction/fat embolus, and fracture/canal perforation3,4. During the surgery, the most difficult step is obtaining proper alignment and positioning of the acetabular cup. This is important because it will affect the range of motion and the loading of the joint, as well as directly affecting the life of the implant. A cup protector must be utilized to protect the acetabular cup from scratches from bone, instruments, and debris. It is also imperative to sufficiently ream the femoral canal and to apply an even cement mantle. Additional problems commonly seen postoperatively include stem subsidence, dislocation, aseptic loosening, wear that can lead to systemic effects, weakening of surrounding bone (bone resorption), instability, and fracture."
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Technological Dystopia in Film and Fiction, 2006.
This well-researched paper analyzes the relevance of robots and robotic technology in both film and various written works of fiction.
2,566 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper examines the issue of technological dystopia by highlighting the negative aspects surrounding the inclusion of fictional robots in both film and written works of fiction. The writer discusses why the characters or images portrayed by robots cause either admiration or resentment to the audience. This paper also explores the underlying issues that authors and filmmaker are trying to convey in using robots as central characters in their stories. This paper looks at the human-like robots in author Isaac Asimov's science fiction novels. This paper analyzes the impact of robots and advanced technology in films such as "Terminator" and "I, Robot." This paper discusses the common theme prevalent in numerous films and novels pertaining to the perfection of robots and the imperfection of human beings. This paper also analyzes the relationship between the fictional robot and man.
From the Paper
"Like any other machine invented by man, robots are shown to have the capacity to malfunction. Unlike a malfunctioning watch, car, or any other machine, robots are portrayed to have superior intelligence and consciousness. This makes the "malfunction" even more dangerous, since they can manifest harm with superior intent and capability. A robot defect is magnified because it can create an "intelligent" danger that humans may not be able to handle. There's also the factor of consciousness. Robots can become self-aware and realize that they are superior to humans. The implications of this are vast and debatable. Perhaps they will cooperate with humans and regard us as their creator, or realize that they are the superior beings and enslave humanity. Regardless of the result, authors always highlight this possibility. Something that has the superior capability to do good also has the same capability to do harm, so fail-safe devices should be put in place."
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