| Papers [1-15] of 74 :: [Page 1 of 5] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 —> | Search results on "IDENTICAL TWINS": |
|
|
Identical and Non-identical Twins, 2008.
This paper looks at two common types of twins and one rare type.
704 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 25.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper discusses the two most common types of twins; identical and non-identical twins, also known as monozygotic and dizygotic twins. The paper looks at the differences between identical and non-identical twins. The paper then talks about a third type of twins; half-identical or polar body twins.
Outline:
What Are Twins
Types of Twins
Identical Twins
Comparing Non-Identical Twins with Identical Twins
A Third Type of Twinning
From the Paper
"In a normal pregnancy, a single baby develops in the uterus of the mother. In very special circumstances, two and sometimes even more babies develop simultaneously in the mother's uterus. This is called a multiple pregnancy. Twins are two babies in a multiple pregnancy. Twins are considered very special and present a fascination for science and society. In the fields of psychology and sociology, there is a special subfield called "twin studies". Twins studies are especially important in the search for answers to the nature vs. nurture question. What is the most important factor in human development: genetics (nature) or environment (nurture)?"
| |
|
Bipolar Disorder and Twins, 2004.
Examines the correlation between bipolar disorder and identical twins.
1,830 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 58.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Research has recently indicated that there are multiple genetic pathways leading to the development of bipolar disorder. This paper presents a detailed examination of the incidence of bipolar disorder among identical twins. The author explores bipolar disorder's genetic components and then explores whether or not identical twins have a higher incidence of the disorder than the general population.
From the Paper
"The understanding that mental illness, including bipolar disorder, is genetically based has created curiosity about where the biology is involved. One of the things that have been examined is whether or not identical twins have a higher incidence of the disorder. It is an interesting question because of the fact that identical twins have identical DNA. If a higher incidence or a correlation can be found between identical twins and bipolar disorder, it will be further evidence of the biological basis for the disorder as well as a closer look as to its biological origin being before birth, and not something that happens after birth(Taylor, 2003)."
| |
|
A Case of Conjoined Twins, 2002.
This paper discusses a legal case in Britain of conjoined twins that created an ethical dilemma: To separate the twins means that only one would live but to not separate meant that both would die.
1,740 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper reviews a case in Britain where, from medical opinion, one conjoint twin has the capacity to live separated from its twin who cannot survive; but, if the twins are not separated, both will die. The parents opposed the separation. The author states that there is no legal precedent for this particular case. The paper reports that six weeks after the opinion of the Court, the twins were separated after the team of physicians was assured they would not be prosecuted for murder, if and when the weaker child died, which she did and the stronger girl survived.
From the Paper
"This case is unique to Britain because the precedents and existing laws differ from those in the U.S. "In the United States, the decision of the parents would have been final unless the physician or state could have persuaded a judge that this was a case of child neglect." (Annas 2000 1104) Another factor in the case is that Britain, rather than another country, was chosen by the parents, "Eastern Europeans...(who)came here for the birth to give their daughters 'the very best chance in the very best place,' said their attorney." (Barr 2000 1).
| |
|
Using Twins to Answer the Great Question, 2002.
This paper provides a general overview on the data collected on twins regarding the question of personality development being influenced by nature or nurture. Includes the author's opinion and analysis at the end.
3,415 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 96.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Explores the idea of using twins to determine whether personality development is acquired through environment or genes. The paper also covers the topics of IQ, behavior, disorders, diseases, life events and genetic constellations in twins. It includes some twin study results, as well as criticism of twin studies and evidence for twin studies. The paper concludes with the author's opinions and application of findings to education.
From the Paper
'Personality development in children and adults is one of life's greatest mysteries. Do we develop our personalities in accordance with the environment we grow up in and the events that are imposed upon us daily? Or do our genes and DNA determine whether we become popular and outgoing or introverted and rejected? This controversy of nature vs. nurture in the science of human psychology has raged on for centuries and probably will continue for years to come. A strong preference for one or the other has led the human population to measures of absurdity such as the eugenics (selective breeding) movement that was part of the purpose of the Holocaust. One of the reasons behind the difficultly in solving the nature vs. nurture problem is the near impossibility to scientifically test any theory that attempts to answer the question. This is where twins come in. They are the perfect specimens-two persons with the same DNA. Clones. Theoretically, if they grow up to have the same personalities, that means personality is inherited. If they don't, that means personality is acquired through environment. Unfortunately, it isn't as simple as that. There are many other factors to consider, such as the environments they were raised in, together or separately."
| |
|
The Ethical Dilemma of Siamese Twins, 2007.
This paper dismisses social values and concentrates on the scientific facts pertaining to the ethical dilemma of separating Siamese twins in the case of Mary and Jodie vs. the laws of Britain.
2,185 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that, in the case of Jodie and Mary, because the parents did not feel it was right for them to be God and choose who should live and who should ultimately die from the surgery thereby denying the procedure to separate the twins, it was up to the court to decide whether or not the Siamese twins should be separated to allow one to live and the weaker one to die. The author points out that, under British law, the three judges involved all agreed that the separation should be performed but differed on their reasons why. The paper concludes that, even as parents object for religious and personal grounds, the physician, not the patient or patient's family, should be the final decision-maker because parents are emotional and doctors must be unbiased and professional without emotional interest.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
What are Siamese Twins?
The Case of Jodie and Mary
Ethical Decisions Regarding Faith Are Inadmissible
One Twin Must Die
Legally Justified
Annas Article
British law
Results of Operation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It turns out that after six weeks the twins were separated when the team of physicians was assured they would not be prosecuted for murder when Mary died. She did die, but "Jodie is doing well and may soon go home [...]. She will undergo more surgery over the next five years and most of it will be performed in Britain." Among outside opinions, a strong one in favor of the surgery said that "Jodie had more to lose in terms of the net gain of life." She is now alive, despite the loss of Mary. She can be a joy to her parents no matter how much they will remember the preceding that caused ..."
| |
|
Conjoined Twins, 2002.
Examines ethical and legal dilemmas of the separation of conjoined twins.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, $ 55.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Examines ethical and legal dilemmas of separation of conjoined twins. Paper focuses on the 2000 court case in Great Britain in which the parents refused to have the twins separated. Issue of applying legal principles to life-and-death decisions. Ethical problem of who has the right to decide whether a patient lives.
From the Paper
"CONJOINED TWINS: THE ETHICAL DILEMMA
In the Old Testament there is the story of Solomon, judging two women, both of whom claimed a baby was hers. When Solomon offered to cut the baby in two and give each mother half, one woman cried "No. Let her have the baby!" Thus, Solomon knew that the real mother was willing to give up her child, in order that it could live. We now move forward to the year 2000, when, in Britain, it was up to a judge to decide a far more serious case: unless conjoined twins are separated, they surely both will die; if they are separated one will die but the other will have a chance to survive. The case proceeded to court when the parents refused to have doctors separate the twins, in order to save one, saying that it was the will of God, not modern medicine, to decide."
| |
|
Conjoined Twins, 2002.
An examination of the life death decisions involving medical intervention to separate conjoined twins.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 47.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Examines life & death decisions involving medical interventions to separate conjoined twins. Focus in the ethical problem of who has the final right to decide whether a patient shall live. Medical, judicial and parental involvement. Discusses a legal case in Great Britain. Right of choice. Who has final decision: parents or doctor.
From the Paper
"Conjoined Twins: The Ethical Dilemma
In the Old Testament there is the story of Solomon, judging two women, both of whom claimed a baby was hers. When Solomon offered to cut the baby in two and give each mother half, one woman cried "No. Let her have the baby!" Thus, Solomon knew that the real mother was willing to give up her child, in order that it could live. We now move forward to the year 2000, when, in Britain, it was up to a judge to decide which of conjoined twins should live. The case proceeded to court when the parents refused to have doctors separate the twins, in order to save one, saying that it was the will of God, not modern medicine, to decide.
"The case illustrates the difficulty of applying legal principles to unprecedented life-and-death decisions involving proposed..."
| |
|
"Puddn'Head Wilson and Those Extraordinary Twins", 2006.
A review of the Mark Twain novel "Puddn'Head Wilson and Those Extraordinary Twins".
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper reviews and critiques Mark Twain's novel "Puddn'Head Wilson and Those Extraordinary Twins". The paper calls the book a critical analysis of how nature and nurture can develop and affect the life of individuals. The paper explores how this story is a telling commentary on the south's political ideology and its influence over the progress of slavery and racism. Most of the paper is devoted to understanding the characters of Roxy, one of Twain's most complex character portrayals, and her son Tom. The paper also studies each of the novel's three separate plot lines to illustrate how Twain creates a world where we can clearly see the effects of nature and nurture on the people surrounding the story.
From the Paper
"The character portrayal of Roxy shows the affects of nature versus nurture from a societal point of view. Roxy is a slave, but she is only one sixteenth black and looks completely white. Because of her relative white appearance, her role within the social setting of her owner's estate is extremely confusing. Roxy's position as a slave puts her on par with the status of all other black slaves; however, her white skin gives her a position of power within the societal functions of the estate. Within this environment, Roxy's internal torment with her identity leads her to many of the supposed conflicts that cause the story. Wilson explains that, the "drop of black blood" in Roxy's veins is "superstitious", and that Roxy herself, though a "negro" of sorts, is a "negro" through her internalization of that complex rather than her birth race (Twain 34-35). By arguing that Roxy is black by her upbringing and society's ability to reinforce this concept onto her, Wilson or Twain makes an excellent commentary on the nature of societal pressure on creating identity. Even though Roxy herself does not appear black, she still sees herself as black because she has internalized what the society has said and the way they treat her. Thus the manifestation of her "negro" side is a fiction based on her own personal identity creation. It is so deeply ingrained in her that she blames her own son's bad behavior on the "one part nigger" in him (Twain 124)."
| |
|
Nature vs. Nurture, 2002.
Examines theories regarding nature versus nurture, using identical twins.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
One of the most fruitful methods for studying the comparative influences of nature and nurture has been to study twins. In the groundbreaking 1979 Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, researches attempted to answer many of these questions. Twins, because of their identical genetic make-up, present a unique situation for viewing these sorts of results. The paper shows that this study found that genetics do play a much larger role in defining our characteristics than we might have previously suspected. It discusses the study's findings that intelligence, in particular, was affected by genes to a high degree, a fact that many found surprising.
From the Paper
"In biology, we could test which traits are the result of the "genotype" and which are the results of "phenotype" by employing such a study. It is easy to do this with physical characteristics, but what might such a study say about the way personalities develops, or other elements, such as intelligence or violent propensities?"
| |
|
Analysis of Twin Studies, 2006.
An analysis of the studies of twins and the genetic and environmental influences on human personality.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper analyzes a text-book account of the importance of twin studies, believed to be highly informative regarding the heritability or genetic attributes of each personality characteristic or general human trait. However, this paper emphasizes that even once genetic factors are accounted for, and environmental differences render exact predictions of genetics useless.
From the Paper
"In this age where the breeding of plants and animals has become almost perfected, and where cloning has become both possible and experimented with, much talk has been made about the ethics of cloning when applied to human beings. However, in a sense, human clones are born daily in the form of identical (monozygotic) twins. In an ongoing attempt to answer queries regarding the importance of nature versus nurture, twins have been studied to reveal these genetic and environmental influences on human personality. These studies have looked to see if identical twins are more similar to each other than other types of siblings, including fraternal (dizygotic) twins. As a result of these informative studies, identical twins who have been raised together or apart have been studied to determine the importance of genetics or heritability as opposed to environmental factors. "
| |
|
Examining the Twin Earth Thought Experiment, 2007.
A look at four philosophers' theories on the 'Twin Earth' thought experiment' and an analysis of the definition of water.
1,318 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper looks at four philosophers' theories on epistemology. It discusses their views and understanding of the 'Twin Earth' thought experiment. The paper then describes each of the philosopher's commentaries on their individual philosophy and analyzes their points and counterpoints. It also analyzes their logical reasoning with regard to their philosophy of the 'Twin Earth' thought experiment. The paper explores exactly what it is that defines water, and further, what defines a definition. It is written in a narrative form from the writer's perspective.
From the Paper
"What defines a definition? How can something be defined, and that definition be wrong? If a definition is indeed definite, what constitutes a "correct" definition? Or, what makes one definition more accurate than another? I have been presented with four different philosophical answers to the question raised of how words and definitions relate to each other. And here I am trying to come up with a definitive answer to what seems like a simple question: What is water? And as new ideas and new ways of conceptualizing come pouring in, one after the other, I am just trying to stay afloat. My mind floods with new thoughts and ideas - without letting the old ones wash away. I try not to think I'm in over my head, but I can at least skim the surface of profound thought as long as I don't hold back. Because fortunately for me, it's philosophy; there is no right and wrong answer."
| |
|
Twin Peaks's Agent Cooper, 2004.
Discusses Agent Dale Cooper's role as a detective in the 1990s TV series, "Twin Peaks".
3,284 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the plausibility of Agent Dale Cooper as compared to the classic and renowned detectives. The paper discusses Cooper's similarities and differences in comparison to Sherlock Holmes and the character from Edgar Allan Poe's work, C. Auguste Dupin. The paper makes the case for Cooper as an effective detective figure, exploiting obvious character traits. It includes an annotated bibliography.
From the Paper
"Cooper, contrarily, follows his visions and believes his dreams. A ghostly giant gives him clues, he takes heed of the suggestions an elderly woman's pet log offers him, and he is sucked into the realm of the supernatural "Black Lodge." This differentiation is a far cry from classical detective fiction. Cooper can fluidly cross the lines of his set guidelines of detection. He seems to understand the boundaries of his job and yet oversteps his bounds with ease and comfort."
| |
|
Nature vs. Nurture, 2002.
The paper looks at studies involving twins in order to compare the influences of nature and nurture.
788 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper shows that studying twins has been one of the most fruitful methods for comparing the differences between nature and nurture. The paper analyzes studies involving identical twins and twins separated at birth. It also examines studies involving twins that show there is a correlation between genetics and intelligence.
From the Paper
"The most famous results of the twin studies have been those involving intelligence. Generally, we tend think of intelligence as something that is not genetically inherited, but cultivated through intense study. In the Enlightenment, thinkers believed that people began life as a totally clean slate and that anything could be impressed upon them through proper education, religious indoctrination, and a solid and respectable upbringing. This concept, often referred to as tabula rasa, or "the mind before it receives the impressions gained from experience" seems soundly refuted by the Minnesota Study of Twins reared apart (Webster's II 1177). Instead of finding support for the Enlightenment notion, the study found that twins' intelligence tended to correlate very strongly despite differences in upbringing, and subsequent studies have supported this conclusion."
| |
|
Serial Killers, 2006.
This paper discusses serial killers, which the FBI generally defines as someone who kills three or more tomes with a cooling-off period between the crimes.
3,980 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 108.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that, to the public, serial killers appear to be so skilled and clever that they are a particular worry for society and a hidden danger for which there seems to be no shield or protection. The author points out that, in addition to disrupted childhoods, there seems to be some genetic link to criminal behavior as demonstrated by twin studies, which have shown that patterns of significant antisocial behavior are more common between identical twins than non-identical siblings. The paper stresses that serial killers are caught because, regardless of how clever they are, eventually, they leave some kind of evidence behind that forensic science, which has made tremendous advances in recent years, can use to identify the killer. The paper includes many examples of serial killers.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Traits of Serial Killers
Causes
Examples of Serial Killers
Example
Catching Serial Killers
How Many Serial Killers are There?
From the Paper
"While most serial killers are white, some belong to other races. Most are male, but about 15% are female. Female serial killers are often harder to detect because they work so quietly, often using poison, kill with longer gaps between victims, and typically murder for financial gain, although a few, such as Aileen Wuornos, use more violent methods and target strangers much as men tend to do. The average male serial killer will have 10 - 13 victims before being stopped."
| |
|
Genetic Engineering: Cloning, 2006.
This paper focuses on the scientific and genetic aspects of cloning as well as detailing the various methods of both natural and artificial cloning.
2,950 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper defines cloning as the production of a group of genetically identical cells or organisms, all descended from a single individual. The members of a clone have precisely the same characteristics, except where mutation and environmentally caused developmental variation have occurred. The first recorded cloning experiment took place in 1938, when a German scientist experimented by transferring a nucleus from an adult cell to an enucleated egg which resulted in the successful creation of an identical twin. This paper details the various types of artificial and natural cloning which include: Molecular cloning, cellular cloning, embryo twinning, natural regeneration, primary reproductive mode and supplementary reproductive mode. The writer of this paper also discusses the moral and ethical controversy surrounding genetic cloning.
From the Paper
"Some examples of cloning from nature are the primary reproductive mode and supplementary reproductive mode. The primary reproductive mode occurs in species whose reproduction is strictly asexual; each population consists of one or more clones, depending on the number of individuals in the colony there was to start. Such species include all bacteria and blue-green bacteria, most protozoans, algae, some yeast, and even some higher plants and animals, such as dandelions and flatworms. Supplementary reproductive mode occurs in some algae, which reproduce sexually and asexually. Those individuals formed by asexual reproduction, called zoospores constitute a clone. In the club mosses and some higher plants, a runner, or stem, grows horizontally along the surface of the soil and at intervals produces roots and upright stalks. When the sections of stem between stalks disintegrate, the separated individuals constitute a clone."
|
|
|
