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IBM Outsourcing, 2002.
A look at the process of outsourcing with reference to IBM's outsourcing to the Fidelity Employer Services Company.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the process of outsourcing in respect to a recent contract that Fidelity Employer Services Company won from IBM, where Fidelity is now in a position to handle several specific organizational functions from IBM. This paper investigates how IBM benefited from this process.
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Outsourcing and IBM, 2004.
An analysis of IBM and the outsourcing of jobs in the information technology industry.
2,056 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the outsourcing of jobs is one of the most hotly contested in issues in modern-day America and how skilled positions that were once thought secure are now regularly finding their way overseas to places like India and China. Big corporations claim that there are not enough properly trained and educated workers in the United States, and labor advocates say it is all because a computer programmer, in India for example, commands perhaps a third of the salary of his American counterpart. The international human rights advocate sees the outsourcing process as a necessary step in the development of the developing world; a weapon in the fight against poverty and parochial prejudice. In particular, it looks at how IBM has emerged as one of the leading players in this debate and how, as one the world?s leading information technology companies, it employs hundreds of thousands of people across the globe and sets standards that others are bound to follow. In order to understand the role of IBM, it examines the industry itself, IBM?s own corporate policies, and all of the various political and social arguments for and against the computer giant?s course of action.
From the Paper
"As a quick look at the latest available figures will reveal, IBM dominates the market in the production and sale of mainframe computers. From 2002 to 2003, IBM?s market share increased by ten percent, as compared to an industry-wide average increase of only five percent. With this increase, IBM now holds a solid 32% piece of the forty-six billion dollar global mainframe industry. Together, IBM and its three largest competitors ? HP, Sun, and Dell ? control nearly seventy-three percent of this market. IBM is a world leader in other fields as well. It shares the top five spots in computer notebooks with HP, Dell, Toshiba, and Acer. IBM lags only two-tenths of a percentage point behind Hewlett Packard in terms of IT storage revenue; the two companies together managing a hefty fifty-one percent share of the entire storage market. As a leading IT player, IBM and its few leading competitors thus have almost a stranglehold on the global industry. "
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Outsourcing in the IT Industry, 2004.
Uses the IBM corporation to examine the highly controversial issue of outsourcing.
2,271 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper uses IBM as a primary example of business outsourcing. The paper looks at the information technology industry itself, the corporate policies of IBM, and all of the various political and social arguments for and against IBM's practice of outsourcing. The paper attempts to determine if the 'dot.com' collapse is a rational explanation for the shift of the industry overseas, or whether it is merely another excuse for high profits and a corporation-centered political, social, and economic worldview.
From the Paper
"Nevertheless, this same New York Times article makes reference to the opposing point of view. Says Phil Friedman, Chief Executive of Computer Generated Solutions, a 1,200-employee computer software company, "Once those jobs leave the country, they will never come back. If we continue losing these jobs, our schools will stop producing the computer engineers and programmers we need for the future." Mr. Friedman?s statement points up the central argument of the outsourcing debate: What is the real reason major corporations are so eager to send their jobs overseas and into developing nations like India, and the People?s Republic of China? There can be no argument that IBM?s main businesses demand a high level of worker skill. These are the sorts of positions that require a college education along with often considerable amounts of on-the-job experience and expertise. No doubt, these individuals also command high salaries, and the equipment with which they work is likewise expensive."
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The U.S., Outsourcing and International Trade, 2008.
This paper discusses international trade, outsourcing and the effects of outsourcing on domestic jobs.
3,838 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at research that shows how the vast majority of job losses do not involve the foreign relocation of work at all. The paper addresses the positive effects of outsourcing, including the creation of additional domestic jobs and its benefits to international trade. The paper provides a case study analysis regarding outsourcing in India and concludes that outsourcing is likely to be a good thing for the U.S. economy and for international trade.
Outline:
Introduction
Reasons for Outsourcing
Actual Rate of Job Loss Attributable to Outsourcing
Positive Domestic Effects of Outsourcing
Benefits to International Trade
Outsourcing Case Study in India
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the past few years the United States economy has emerged as a growing economy, dramatically and irreversibly impacting the global market. One of the most significant impacts of this growing economy lies in the area of outsourcing to foreign countries. The United States government and large corporations view outsourcing as a method of enabling international trade to prosper and allowing industries to grow. This economy has an international impact in regard to the recent trend in outsourcing and off-shoring; many domestic headquartered companies are now turning to outsourcing manufacturing and production to drive down costs."
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IT - Outsourcing Yes or No?, 2008.
An examination of the pros and cons of IT outsourcing.
1,499 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the determination, risks, benefits, costs and implications of IT Outsourcing. The paper explains that outsourcing is an arrangement in which one company provides services for another company that could also be or usually have been provided in-house. The paper looks at the various aspects of an IT service and how outsourcing and IT affect each other. The writer believes that only time will tell if outsourcing of the IT technology will be tomorrow's future or simply a temporary bubble in the industrial revolution.
Outline:
Introduction of Outsourcing IT
Determining if Outsourcing is Right for IT
Determining the Risks of Outsourcing IT
Determining the Benefits of Outsourcing IT
Determining the Overhead of Outsourcing IT
Determining if Outsourcing IT was the Correct Choice
From the Paper
"The 1990's opened up advancements in technology which became both a blessing for some companies but at the same time became an increasing challenge to keep up with the requirements to electronically link the suppliers and the customers. Businesses became faced with the challenges of re-engineering, downsizing, outsourcing, and restructuring in order to remain flexible and reactive. In the article "Just in Time for the Holidays" McNulty, E (2005 December) it was pointed out that Santa should stop thinking of himself as a victim of demand uncertainty. He needs to stop reacting to fads and start creating them." In this particular case the problem was reacting to the changing needs of the kids, in this case the changing requirements of the IT environment may be the same fad."
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The Pros and Cons of Outsourcing, 2008.
This paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing key business processes.
4,344 words (approx. 17.4 pages), 35 sources, APA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing key business processes and details what can be outsourced and which companies should outsource. The paper presents the framework that companies use to prepare and implement an outsourcing plan. The paper shows how companies' needs for compliance, today's challenges of complexity and the need for driving down costs have created a foundation on which outsourcing will continue to flourish. The paper includes diagrams and a table that outlines the concepts of outsourcing as appendices to the paper.
Outline:
Introduction to Outsourcing
The Advantages of Outsourcing Key Business Processes
The Disadvantages of Outsourcing Key Business Processes
What Can Be Outsourced? Who Should Outsource?
Critical Steps to Prepare and Implement an Outsourcing Plan
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Having begun primarily in the IT industry and today progressing into many functional and process areas of companies, including manufacturing, outsourcing is now a global economic factor that is influencing entire nations' economies. Originally defined as the subcontracting of information systems processing including the more routine and easily transferred tasks and processes (Espino-Rodriguez and Padron-Robaina 2006) which were the least risky to subcontract out for completion, outsourcing today is now being increasingly trusted with the more complex, more risky processes in organizations, including global trade financial services, and distributed order management."
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Outsourcing, 2008.
A research project examining the outsourcing of customer service and IT positions in U.K. companies.
7,925 words (approx. 31.7 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 171.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the outsourcing of customer service and IT positions from U.K. companies. The paper explains that it uses a secondary research method to study this phenomena and reports that the results of the research indicate clearly that many companies in the U.K., such as AVIVA Insurance, are outsourcing these activities to India. The author concludes that outsourcing is proving effective because it allows these companies to run more efficiently and to better serve their customers.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Outsourcing
History of Outsourcing in the UK
Outsourcing over the Past Five Years
Critical Literature Review
Outsourcing
Advantages of Outsourcing
Disadvantages of Outsourcing
Making the Decision to Outsource
Communication between Firms
Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
Implications and Recommendations
From the Paper
"The research also found several benefits associated with the outsourcing. The primary benefits appear to be the reduction of operating costs and increases in efficiency. The reductions in operating costs exist with outsourcing because workers are paid much less than they would be paid in the UK. This provides a significant reduction in operating cost and it is the primary reason why many companies in the UK and throughout the world have chosen to outsource many of their business activities."
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Outsourcing, 2007.
This paper is a complete quantitative research project, with an extensive literature review, that explores the impact of outsourcing on the American worker and the American economy.
19,940 words (approx. 79.8 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the study investigates the impact of outsourcing specifically on white collar workers in the high-tech industry, who are increasingly becoming more affected by the phenomenon of offshore outsourcing. The author reports that the methodology for the study was a questionnaire, using a 7 point Likert scale, which was sent to 65 randomly selected computer programmers employed in the U.S. at Microsoft, Cisco and Apple. The paper indicated that the quantitative research and the literature review conclude that outsourcing is a serious issue, which impacts American workers and the American economy; however, it is clear that the practice of outsourcing is here to stay. The paper includes the questionnaire and many quotations, tables, figures and graphs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Context of the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Limitations of the Study
Review of the Literature
Globalization
Politics of Offshore Outsourcing
Trends in Offshore Outsourcing
Most Popular Countries for Offshore Outsourcing
Impact of Offshore Outsourcing on the American Worker
Impact of Offshore Outsourcing on White-Collar American Workers
The Impact of Outsourcing on the American Economy
Security and Cultural Barriers Associated with Offshore Outsourcing
The Future of offshore Outsourcing
Methodology
Methodology Overview
Methodology Survey
Subject Population
Data Collection
Organization of the Study
Results
Discussion, Conclusion, Implications
Appendix
Survey
Letter Sent to the Appropriate Managerial Personnel
Low Labor Cost Chart
Number of U.S. Service Sector Jobs Projected to Shift Offshore
Share of Projected American Jobs Moving Offshore
Workers Displaced From and Reemployed in Full-Time Wage and Salary Jobs
Hourly Compensation Costs
Hourly Compensation Costs for Production Workers
Employment Cost Index
Employer Cost for Employee Compensation
From the Paper
"The literature review asserts that a great deal of the focus on outsourcing began as a purely political issue. The literature review indicates that politicians used the slowdown in the labor market, to assert that the cause of the slowdown was offshore outsourcing. The literature review also found that many major media outlets had many reports on the topic of outsourcing, which may have distorted the true facts concerning the nature of outsourcing on workers and the economy. On the other hand, many years after that election, offshore outsourcing seems to be an issue for many American workers."
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Outsourcing - Ethical Dilemma, 2005.
This paper examines the phenomena of outsourcing from an employee and corporate perspective in an attempt to gain insight into the pros and cons of the outsourcing issue.
1,102 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The writer proposes that outsourcing is morally and ethically an objectionable practice, that results in little benefit to the company and much harm to the employees it affects. A formal review of the literature available with regard to outsourcing is analyzed, and the case against outsourcing is made. The paper shows how outsourcing impacts workers in a negative manner, goes against the moral and ethical standards inherent in business and proves that outsourcing will ultimately result in dissatisfaction for corporations in the long term.
Abstract
Introduction
Effects of Outsourcing
Right/Duties/Moral Obligations of Corporations
Conclusions
From the Paper
"From a moral and ethical standpoint, outsourcing is wrong and has negative consequences on both employees and the productivity and efficiency of corporations in the long term. From a practical standpoint, corporations that rush to outsource job functions realize few returns on their investment and few profit savings in the long term. The rush to outsource has left companies with little value and no tangible increases in productivity or delivery."
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IT Outsourcing, 2007.
A discussion of the advantages of outsourcing in information technology.
4,798 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 35 sources, APA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the benefits of companies outsourcing projects, especially in the area of information technology. Outsourcing is defined and reasons are given why a company may decide to use outside contractors over in-house employees. Various countries that have profited from outsourcing are listed, followed by a discussion of how outsourced jobs may affect the US economy. Globalization as it relates to outsourcing is analyzed. Next, the paper devotes a large section to IT outsourcing, which includes a list of the benefits of this way of doing business. The paper concludes by acknowledging the role of management in making an outsourcing project successful.
Outline:
Introduction
Outsourcing defined
Outsourcing in Developing Countries: the Aftermath of Globalization
Table 1. The Role Played by the Developing Countries in Trade and Capital Flows
Table 2. Regional perspective on the Effects of Globalization.
Table 3. The Effects of Globalization in Selected Countries
Global IT Outsourcing
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are many reasons why outsourcing or contracting out work is more preferred rather than developing in-house talents. First, it is seen as more cost-effective (Domberger, 1998)-for example, a contracted personnel from other countries require only smaller salary because of the certain standardized salary scheme within the country; second, to cut cost and refocus resources (Holt, Kennedy, Rehg & Ward, 2002) . A large company with numerous personnel with no specific work is the same with a company with smaller personnel but with specified work. This was done through outsourcing of different functions from different sources. And third, lower investment in internal infrastructure (Reaser, 1996), it will be built instead to the outsourced country. "
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Outsourcing, 2005.
A look at the growing trend toward information technology (IT) outsourcing, its advantages, and disadvantages.
3,500 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates IT outsourcing as it relates to acquisition. The paper includes a review of the advantages of IT outsourcing, such as cost savings, access to new skill sets, and access to cutting-edge technology. In addition, the paper examines the disadvantages of IT outsourcing, such as loss of intellectual property, poor communication, high costs, and limited technologies. The main focus of the paper is IT outsourcing and acquisition as it pertains to the acquisition of new skill sets and business acquisitions. Management recommendations are also be provided. The paper begins with a definition of IT outsourcing.
Introduction
Outsourcing IT
Definition
Advantages
Cost Savings
Access to New Skill Sets
Access to Cutting Edge Technology
Disadvantages
Loss of Intellectual Property
Poor Communication
High Costs
Limited Technologies
IT Outsourcing and Acquisition
Acquisition of New Skill Sets
Business Acquisitions
AT&T and IBM
CACI and American Management Systems
Systems Management Specialists (SMS) and the SMS Business Unit
Recommendations
Discussion and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Those advantages include the access to modern technology. In addition, the most significant advantage of IT outsourcing is Cost savings. The article explains that ferocious competition has led many corporations to reorganize and scale back staffs in an attempt to reduce costs (Antonucci, 1998). The Vendors that handle the IT outsourcing are able to save money for several reasons (Antonucci, 1998). For instance, the vendors "have much tighter control of fringe benefits and run much leaner overhead structures (Antonucci, 1998)." Additionally the vendors are able to utilize low-cost labor pools more aggressively and, with the help of modern telecommunications, can move data centers to low-cost areas (Antonucci, 1998). The vendors are also able to apply excellent standards to the company's present IT staff (Antonucci, 1998). Outsourcing also as the following benefit, more efficient bulk purchasing and leasing agreements for software and hardware; vendors have more power over software licenses because they better negotiators and because contractual pressure forces vendors to meet deadlines."
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Offshore Outsourcing, 2004.
An overview of the advantages and disadvantages of offshore outsourcing, with a focus on India.
4,930 words (approx. 19.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how outsourcing to India can be very lucrative due to significant cost savings and many other beneficial factors surrounding the Indian software market. It discusses offshore outsourcing through a review of the article, "Inside Outsourcing in India", by Stephanie Overby. It examines how, in the article, two experienced entrepreneurs share their lessons and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Indian outsourcing. This paper also explores the history and future of offshore outsourcing, as well as how to successfully plan, implement, and manage such a relationship.
Outline
Executive Summary
Introduction
History
Advantages of Offshore Outsourcing
Disadvantages of Offshore Outsourcing
Planning the Outsourcing Relationship
Implementing the Outsourcing Relationship
Managing in an Outsourcing Relationship
Current Affairs
Future
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"It is important to remember that outsourcing does not shift all responsibilities to service organizations. When stockholders, government agencies, customers and vendors demand answers to key questions, you can bet that they will not stop with the outsource service organization. In fact, most legal and fiduciary responsibilities cannot be shifted at all. The bottom line is this, when there is a serious problem, key questions to be answered, or operational shortfalls, the responsibility resides with management and not the service organization."
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Outsourcing, 2006.
This paper examines the benefits and drawbacks of outsourcing, by way of a third-party service provider, in business.
1,870 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper defines outsourcing as the allocation of responsibilities or assignments from in-house production to an outside body. This paper details the advantages and disadvantages to this growing business practice. The writer of this paper examines the effectiveness of outsourcing and out-tasking which entails shifting a considerable amount of management control to the supplier. This paper also discusses the issue of outsourcing to foreign countries where the cost is significantly lower. This paper delves into the development of outsourcing, which began with Ross Perot in 1962, and has since become a growing world-wide trend. This paper details the various types of services that are outsourced, such as computer programming positions, administrative works and production assignments, while also discussing the countries that end up with these jobs, like India, which continues to be the highest end-point for outsourced work. This paper also explores the primary causes for outsourcing, which begins with lower pay. This paper also examines the various companies that are currently outsourcing their services, such as Delta Airlines.
Table of Contents:
What is Outsourcing?
What is the Percentage of US Firms that Outsource?
What Kinds of Jobs are Outsourced? Labor Intensive? Technology Based?
What is the Major Cause of US Firms Outsourcing Work?
Is There Any "In-Sourcing"? Other Countries Send Jobs to the US? What Kinds of Jobs? What Countries?
References
From the Paper
"The recent figures reveal in-sourcing is responsible for more than 6.5 million jobs countrywide. Even though this is less compared to the number of outsourced occupations, the difference has really come close in the previous 25 years. This implies, a latest pattern has been observed wherein foreign businesses accumulating jobs in the U.S. rapidly compared to U.S. companies have added jobs in foreign countries. Take into account what has taken place in heavy production industries comprising the production of vehicles, computers, electronics and other machineries. From the middle part of 1990, foreign enterprises have put up 400,000 more jobs in these industries in the U.S. Over the same period, U.S. companies shifted 300,000 vacancies to foreign nations in the same business sectors."
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Outsourcing, 2005.
This paper discusses the growth of outsourcing as a business practice - especially U.K. companies outsourcing their I.T. infrastructure to India.
17,710 words (approx. 70.8 pages), 67 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that outsourcing of any nature is a business strategy, which organizations are using to manage their profits and their productivity; however, this practice requires extensive evaluation to execute this strategy successfully especially in the area of personal management. The author points out that, in the past, organizations generally only outsourced their call centers and support desks; however, now organizations are increasingly outsourcing their design and R & D departments thereby creating the risk that an organization can lose critical expertise as a result of all their employees within the U.K. no longer being involved with these activities. The paper relates that many Indian companies, like Wipro and Infosys, also are establishing their operations in the western world to offer companies the expertise and talent of a large pool of Indian workers but keeping close to the operations in U.K. to allow them to understand the changing strategies and the market demands. Tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Importance of this Study
Purpose of this Study
Limitations of this Study
Overview of Thesis
Literature Review
The Cultural and Contextual Issues Affecting Businesses
The Rationale behind Outsourcing by a Business
To Learn from the Success and Failures of Outsourcing Undertaken in the Past
The Importance of Change In the Business Development and Sustainability
Methodology
Discussion
Conclusion and Recommendations
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Wages and benefits have also undergone revolutionary changes due to outsourcing. Where in the past, markets were restricted by geographical boundaries and labor demand and skill level determined the quality of live of the region, globalization has offered organizations and countries a more "leveled" playing field. In this environment, a worker in the U.S. is not competing against another worker at the same level and with the benefits and salary in the U.S., but rather against a worker in China, India, Mexico or Malaysia who might have a different wage and benefit structure. Social and cultural needs of the population have also impacted the wages and benefits of workers. In the past, most developed countries had generous and adequate benefits for their workers at all levels of the organization. At present, dealing with the "entitlement syndrome" is a challenge for most organizations in the U.S. and other developed countries such as the U.K. and Germany."
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Outsourcing, 2007.
This paper explores the critical factors related to successful outsourcing initiatives.
1,682 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that more and more companies are outsourcing job functions to enhance organizational efficiency and promote cost savings within the organization. The paper examines the positive and negative consequences of outsourcing and evaluates key initiatives necessary to ensure the success of outsourcing in a selected company. The researcher sets the stage for successful outsourcing in the selected company by identifying seven key steps for success.
Outline:
Introduction
Planning Initiatives Outsourcing
Strategic Implications Outsourcing
Analysis of Cost and Performance Outsourcing
Provider Selection Outsourcing
Terms of Negotiation Outsourcing
Resource Transitioning
Managing Relationships
Lessons Learned
From the Paper
"The project considered for outsourcing is hiring all administrative staff within the company to carry out clerical and basic administrative functions. The theory supporting outsourcing is by outsourcing daily tasks the company will reduce overhead expenditures and operate more efficiently and cost-effectively. Many issues however, surround outsourcing and the success or failure of strategic outsourcing initiatives. This paper will also discuss planning initiatives, the strategic implications of outsourcing, analysis of cost and performance outsourcing, relationship building and other critical factors related to successful outsourcing initiatives within the company."
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