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Husserl's Phenomenology, 2005.
The natural vs. philosophical standpoints in Husserl's phenomenology.
2,190 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper answers, with reference to a large body of Edmund Husserl's philosophical writings, the question of what, according to Husserl, is the properly philosophical attitude. It contrasts this with what he maintains is our 'natural attitude'. The paper argues that, for Husserl, a more philosophical attitude enables a 'first philosophy,' a rigorous and presupposition-less philosophy, and more pertinently, makes distinct the previously obscured realm of pure transcendental consciousness. The author of this paper offers his own brief criticisms of these views.
From the Paper
"What Husserl will have us do with our uncritical natural attitude is 'bracket it' or 'disconnect it' via the phenomenological method of epoche. By this we do not-as Descartes did-merely repudiate it with denials ("I shall suppose I in fact have no body," etc.) we simply "put out of action the general thesis..." (Ibid. pp.110.) The natural question is: given the general thesis's fundamentality to us, how can we simply 'put it aside', and moreover, what do we achieve by doing this? I have already suggested that in regard to the latter question, we achieve a more presuppositionless attitude suitable to the project of (first) philosophy. But the former question apparently remains entirely unanswered: how can we possibly go about this?"
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Husserl's Phenomenology, 2005.
A critical analysis of philosopher Edmond Husserl's theories, with an exploration of its contemporary relevance.
1,530 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
Husserl's phenomenology is difficult to grasp as the entire concept of ideas and things being known by the senses, while believable, is basically at odds with the way in which we have been programmed to think as people. This paper explains that we have been taught that we need first to learn, to acquire the knowledge that has been uncovered for us and passed down to us by the earlier generations, and then formulate our own ideas and opinions on the basis of that collective knowledge. This paper shows that the primary difficulty that a student faces when reading through Husserl's Phenomenology is that it puts forth a different process of knowledge acquisition and formulation of ideas than we have been conditioned to operate by. This paper explains that once we open our minds to Husserl's argument and his thoughts and consider them carefully, we realize that not only is Husserl's phenomenology open to modern interpretation but, in a way expressed and conceptualized in most cultures and in many schools of philosophy. To illustrate this and to emphasize the way in which we may currently interpret Husserl's phenomenology, this paper outlines his thoughts, examines their validity through reference to other philosophers who come somewhat close to expressing his ideas, and attempts to apply them to the modern world.
From the Paper
"The nature of Husserl's philosophical thought, insofar as it outlines the power of the human mind and its inherent ability to arrive at fundamental truths and automatically process experience to arrive at knowledge has, according to Karl Ameriks, author of "Husserl's Realism," left him vulnerable to two alternate interpretations. On the one hand, some have claimed that he is an idealist, justifying their judgment through reference to the fact that he seemed to place a great deal of value on the power and worth of the human mind and its ability to arrive at knowledge and use the senses to arrive at ideas."
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Phenomenology, 2002.
This paper discusses phenomenology as a science.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper defines phenomenology, the Continental philosophical school that attempted to rehash metaphysics in its entirety by presupposing consciousness and putting the study of the outside world in perceivable terms only. The author discusses the works of Its major proponents who each proposed different versions of phenomenology: Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger.
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Phenomenology and Auditory Hallucinations, 2006.
A paper examining the contributions that phenomenology can offer the practice of clinical psychology.
4,140 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at whether phenomenology can be an appropriate means of dealing with auditory hallucinations. The paper explains that the phenomenological approach to auditory hallucinations would be to suggest that people who hallucinate actually do have experiences of hallucinations and that hearing a voice when no one else is around is an actual experience just like any other. The paper further explains that from the phenomenological point of view auditory hallucinations should be considered normal for some people some of the time. The paper discusses phenomenology and its use in dealing with auditory hallucinations from the perspective of several well-known psychologists, from a religious viewpoint, a medical viewpoint and a shamanic viewpoint.
Table of Contents
Jung and Auditory Hallucinations
Shamanic Traditions and Psychotherapy
Religious Viewpoint of Hearing Voices, Vis-a-Vis Therapeutic Issues
Medical Considerations of 'Hearing Voices'
Social Work and Auditory Hallucinations
Other Opinions
CBT
From the Paper
"Freud, of course, would have been "highly skeptical" of any such approach both because of the nature of subjectivity (which is clearly what the therapist would be dealing with, from any angle) and because of what he considered the latent content of experience that could not be drawn forth by reflection alone: The vast majority of psychic life is considered by psychoanalysis to lie outside of the person's awareness, at various levels of the unconscious. And even for Freud, the only access to this unconscious was through the (further) indirect means of interpretation" (Davidson, 2004, p. 149+). Clearly, then, to Freud and his followers, a phenomenological approach to auditory hallucination would be anathema."
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Phenomenology and the Process of Reduction, 2006.
An analysis of phenomenology as a new approach to human understanding.
1,459 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
Phenomenology can be defined as the study of structured experiences or consciousness. This paper attempts to demonstrate why the process of reduction can be rather difficult to accept and apply when trying to reach or attain a genuine phenomenological experience. In particular, it evaluates Jean Paul Sartre's dilemma with the reduction process.
From the Paper
"Another issue of concern can be directed to "meaning" and "essences". Because reduction is a process that leads to the "primitive stage", which can "possibly" bring out the essence of the tree, essence defined earlier is something's essential meaning; the process of reduction can be defined as that which seeks essential meaning, at least in this context. Suffice to say, how can one find meaning if meaning is not given. At this time it is important that we push this issue a little further. The aim of the philosopher is to find "truth". In particular, the aim of the phenomenologist is to find truth in the form of experiences and its meaningfulness. "
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Phenomenology of the Spirit, 2002.
A look at Jung's views on the phenomenology of the spirit in fairytales.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper is about Jung and the phenomenology of the spirit in fairytales. It has the outline and definitions of terms used by Jung. "The word "spirit" possesses such a wide range of application that it requires considerable effort to make clear to oneself all the things it can mean".
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Phenomenology, 2007.
A study on leadership in organizations using the phenomenological approach.
1,266 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the methodology chosen for this research, one of a qualitative nature. This research is of the type that attempts to understand the views and perceptions in specific situations and uses a method described as phenomenological research in which the question of the research is answered through experientially acquired knowledge. The paper explains that in the phenomenological method of research the researcher has inside knowledge of that being researched and gains knowledge through viewing multiple perspectives of the same situation, which allows the research to make generalizations. It offers methodology, data and data analysis. The paper also includes tables to quantify points made.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Study Design - Phenomenological
Research Questions
Research Instrument
Sampling
Rationale for the Study
Data Collection Procedures
Data Analysis
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The design of this study is phenomenological and is the proper methodology for study in this type of research. The Phenomenological approach has as its purpose the illumination of the specific and the identification of phenomena "through how they are perceived by the actors in a situation." (Lester, 1999) In the work entitled: "An Introduction to Phenomenological Research" Stan Lester states that phenomenological research: "In the human sphere this normally translates into gathering 'deep' information and perceptions through inductive, qualitative methods such as interviews, discussions and participant observation, and representing it from the perspective of the research participant(s).""
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Phenomenology, Heuristics, Ethnomethodology & Symbolic Interactionism, 1999.
Defines & examines four schools of psychology: epistemological assumptions, methods of inquiry, research environment, leading figures and major concepts.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 15 sources, $ 127.95
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From the Paper
" RESEARCH TRADITIONS
Introduction
The field of psychology has evoled in the 20th century from what many considered the magical work of Sigmund Freud to a respected scholarly discipline. A great deal of research appears in psychology journals every year, and four of the methodological traditions are the focus of this paper: phenomenology, heuristics, ethnomethodology, symbolic interactionism. For each tradition, epistemological assumptions, methods of inquiry, and research environment are described.
Phenomenology
Phenomenology is the unbiased description of immediate experience just as it occurs. The experience is not abstracted or analyzed into elements, it is uncorrected observation. It.."
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Leibniz and Locke: Phenomenology Vs. Mechanism, 1997.
Examines the philosophy of the mind of late Enlightenment philosophers John Locke and G.W. Leibniz. Focuses on the role each had in the development of the modern science of psychology.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Since early psychology there have been differing viewpoints on how the mind works and how to go about studying it. One of these debates began almost alongside the founding of psychology by Rene Descartes. This debate exists between those who feel that the mind is separate from the body and should be studied through the description of immediate experience and those who believe that the body functions should be studied so that they may shed light on the workings of the mind. This is essentially the debate of the phenomenological approach versus the mechanistic approach (Watson, 1963, 162). The theories of two of the earliest psychologists are examined along with their influences on contemporary psychology and their implications for research and practice.
An early supporter of the phenomenological approach would be ..."
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The Analytic and Phenomenological Response to Science, 2006.
An overview of the analytic and phenomenology schools of thought and their responses to science.
1,375 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to critically examine two major schools of thought, phenomenology and analytic philosophy and how they have challenged the popular influence of science. It concludes that neither offer sufficient tools to surpass the sciences and analyzes how this has much to do with the numerous problems that exist within each school.
From the Paper
"Let us now consider the school of thought that makes the most compelling case when dealing with the sciences. Analytic philosophy presents the most compelling case for the following reasons: analytic philosophy tackles the use of language, which is fundamental when attempting to convey a philosophy. Two, analytic philosophy is usually supported by systems of thought that can be thoroughly examined for clarity. Three, most analytic philosophy does not require one to "think beyond the unthinkable" (Phenomenology), this is to say, analytic philosophy is conceptually obtainable. The analytic philosophical response to the science presents one with various strategies that can be applied to obtain truth. Analytic philosophy also says, until the sciences can clear up ambitious terms and misleading concepts, the world in which we live will continue to be misinterpreted. "
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Hegel's "Lordship and Bondage", 2005.
This paper is an explanation of the philosopher GWF Hegel's writings in the "Lordship and Bondage" section of his well-known book "Phenomenology of Spirit".
1,320 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the Hegelian entities of consciousness, self-consiousness, perception and the struggle for recognition, as well as their role in Hegel's writings of "Lordship and Bondage", contained in the book "Phenomenology of Spirit".
From the Paper
"Though tedious to first decode, Hegel's writings on self-consciousness in sections 186-196 of "Phenomenology of Spirit", contain multilateral significance to the development of individuals as well as societal relations. The inward struggle of the individual to negatively recognize the unified duality of their condition is the foundation and mortar of Hegel's theory. Only by self-realizing under fear does Hegel believe a person achieves true self-consciousness and the ultimate achievement of the Absolute. Ironically, however, those who most deliberately attempt this process seem to jeopardize their own intended fate. In this essay I will seek to explain in further detail these phenomenon and the events surrounding them in Hegel's writing."
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Hegel and Continental Philosophy, 2007.
A look at the historical development of continental philosophy's existentialism and phenomenology as a response to Hegelian idealism.
1,164 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the term continental philosophy is related to the philosophical traditions that originated in Europe. It looks at how the historical development and particular philosophical style or styles of continental philosophy emerged most prominently in the works of Marin Heidegger and the existential philosophers such as Jean-Paul Sartre, as well as in the postmodern or post-structuralist thinkers such as Derrida. In particular, this paper discusses how much of the development of modern continental philosophy can be related to the attempt to create a post-Hegelian understanding of reality.
From the Paper
"However, there are many aspects of Hegel's thought that are incorporated into modern Continental philosophy. One example of this is philosophy as the production of crisis. This refers to the sense that philosophy is involved with the question of the praxis of being embedded in history and culture. In other words, we are dealing with problems that are of our own making and philosophical inquiry is a critique of our present conditions; as well as a search for emancipation from these conditions. (Critchley, 2001, 72) This mood or trend in Continental thinking can, according to many critics, be traced back to Hegelian thought. "
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Hegel's Philosophy of Science, 1992.
An analysis of the intellectual and historical contexts including major works and ideas, phenomenology, method, knowledge, reason, religion and epistemology.
4,275 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 5 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine Hegel's philosophy of science. The plan of the research will be to set forth the intellectual and historical context in which such a philosophy can be discerned, and then to discuss the focus, details, and construct of Hegel's approach to science as discipline and as mode of thought, with a view toward elucidating the principal foundation on which primary elements of his philosophy may be based.
To appreciate the importance of Hegel's philosophy of science, one may usefully be encouraged to note the circumstances of its emergence. Findlay refers to Hegel as a German Romantic, (Findlay, 1977, p. xxv) and Hegel was either an exact or just younger contemporary of such Enlightenment and Romantic philosophers as Hume and Kant. He lived in the important..."
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Monroe, Marilyn: Psychological Analysis, 1987.
Personality study of actress from viewpoint of trait theory, psychoanalysis, phenomenology & learning theory.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
" The purpose of this research is to psychoanalyze Marilyn Monroe from four different theoretical perspectives on personality. These are: (1) Trait Theory; (2) Psychoanalytical Theory; (3) Phenomenological Theory; and (4) Learning Theory. So that these analyses may be fully understood, the research provides a brief introductory section delineating the major circumstances of Marilyn Monroe's life and death.
Marilyn Monroe: Her Life and Death
The basic circumstances of Monroe's life are succintly summarized by Ethan Mordden (1983). According to Mordden, Monroe was born Norma Jean Baker to a mother with a history of mental illness. Her father showed no interest in her until she became rich and famous. Her youth was spent in and out of foster homes(...)
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Nursing For Non-English Speaking Students, 2002.
A research proposal (and its results) which studied the reasons why minority groups are not well represented in the nursing field.
15,600 words (approx. 62.4 pages), 49 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study to reveal the problem of cultural insensitivity of others toward minority students, using a phenomenological approach that emphasizes depth of understanding. This approach also illuminates the problem of insufficient support for graduate students who are not native English speakers.
Chapter Two of the paper focuses on reviewing the literature to explore the historical context of the problem. Chapter Three extends the literature review to discuss the issue of methodology, exploring the method of phenomenology. Chapter Four provides a more detailed discussion of the use of the phenomenological method for this study. Chapter Five provides the data, with Chapter Six comprising a discussion of the data. The final chapter includes a summary, recommendations
and conclusions.
Table of Contents:
Aim
Phenomenon of Interest
Perceived Justification for Studying the Phenomenon
Phenomenon Discussed Within a Specific Context: Lived Experience
Assumptions and Biases
The Method of Inquiry
Relevance for Nursing
Evolution of the Study
Historical Context
Experiential Context
The Phenomenological Method: Background of the Method
Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology
Van Manen's Method of Phenomenological Research
Application of the Phenomenological Method
Research Design
Summary of the Interviews
Discussion of the Results
Data Management
Themes
Patterns and Connections
Summary
Limitations
Study Significance
References
Consent Form (Appendix)
From the Paper
"Kritek (1994) noted that culturally diverse students are also operating at an uneven table, which can introduce conflict into the system. In any negotiation involving the needs or issues of culturally diverse students, the table is automatically slanted toward the mainstream, or the status quo powers-that-be. This is often not acknowledged to be true. Sometimes those in power deny that there is any inequality, asserting that the table is actually even, and that the failure lies with the culturally diverse who are unable to take full advantage of their opportunities. This, she noted, is always a lie, because society has not yet changed to the position in which the power of white professional men is identical to that of people of color, women, and the non-professional. It is at this point that the rights and needs of culturally diverse students enter into direct conflict with those students who represent the status quo."
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