| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "HUME S PROBLEM INDUCTION": |
|
|
Hume?s Problem of Induction, 2004.
A discussion of David Hume's problem of induction, which posed the question about what evidence there was to support the instinctive understanding that the future would resemble the past.
3,343 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper begins with an explanation of deductive and inductive reasoning and then goes on to analyze the questions raised by well-known skeptic and humanist, David Hume, about finding indisputable evidence that the future will resemble the past or that observed instances can predict new instances.
From the Paper
"For some reason, the traditional example of how inductive reasoning works is to ask how it can be known that the sun will rise tomorrow. It is certain that every day as far back as one can remember or research, the sun has risen every day. How does this prove, however, that it will rise tomorrow? Even barring a super nova or an asteroid hit that took Earth off its axis, how could we know that the so-called laws of physics will be still active tomorrow? Mere deduction cannot prove that the sun will rise, though it may be able to explain how it rises. One depends rather on past experience to predict the future. The sun will rise, we believe, because it has always risen in the past."
| |
|
Hume and Induction, 2006.
A review of the idea of induction as described by David Hume.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper considers the idea of induction as explained by David Hume, with induction described as reasoning from experience, an empirical approach that means that all knowledge is based on prior experience. Such a view links past and future so that any actions taken in the future have their roots in the past. The paper reflects that Hume thus considers the nature of reality and ways in which what we perceive may differ from what is real.
From the Paper
"The two primary types of logic discussed by philosophers are deduction and induction. David Hume sees the same two types of thought in Hume then develops the idea that impressions come first, and these produce corresponding ideas after a time of reflection. Hume applies this to concepts like morality, which he says are derived from what he terms sentiment. This raises a number of issues concerning whether or not morality derives from reason or sentiment. Hume finds that the question of morals is "whether we attain the knowledge of them by a chain of argument and induction, or by an immediate feeling and finer internal sense" (Hume 13). This can raise the issue of whether there are truths beyond the immediate cultural reality so that morality would be considered the same for every rational intelligent being, in all societies."
| |
|
Hume's Views on Causation and Induction, 2002.
Summarizes David Hume's views on the philosophical problems of causation and inductive reasoning.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
As a skeptic, David Hume argued against taking for granted cause and effect relationships as well as induction. The paper points out the reliance of the physical sciences on induction and Hume's philosophical separation of cause from effect, as well as the importance of the necessity relation and concludes that, although hard to stomach, Hume's skepticism is a necessary component of our philosophical explorations.
| |
|
David Hume & Inductive Method, 1994.
Argues that British empiricist's skeptical response to dogmatic rationalism makes induction (cause-effect argument) impossible.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"This study will examine the problem skeptical philosopher David Hume encounters with respect to induction or the induction method, based on his work Enquiries: Concerning Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles of Morals. That problem, of course, is that Hume's rigorous skepticism effectively makes impossible any induction whatsoever in his philosophical "enquiries."
Hume was a British empiricist who like other empiricists believed that human beings can know nothing beyond what is revealed to them by their experience. Hume also believed that the human mind, human reason, is severely limited in its power to interpret and understand that experience.
Hume took philosophical empiricism and skepticism to its ultimate conclusion, questioning whether it was possible for.."
| |
|
Hypnosis/ Imaginary Induction, 2004.
An overview of the use of hypnosis or imaginary induction for healing purposes.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 95.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This is a paper about hypnosis and imaginary induction. The paper compares the similarities and differences between Eastern meditation and hypnosis as a tool for pain management. In addition, the paper discusses the different goals and healing properties of each system of modifying an individual's consciousness.
From the Paper
"Although the utilization of hypnosis for the purpose of pain management is considered to be relatively novel in contemporary Western society, it is strongly related to an ancient Eastern tradition-Buddhist meditation that existed before the movement of Mesmerism. Both hypnosis and Buddhist meditation involve the modification of individuals' consciousness that enable them to perceive, feel, think and behave differently from their typical way of functioning. Furthermore. even though they have different goals. both practices have been used for their healing..."
| |
|
Logic, Induction and Relevance, 2008.
This essay deals with the issue of how relevance is established for an inductive argument, and how this process can be encouraged and supported based on an argument given by Patrick Hurley in his paper, "A Concise Introduction to Logic".
825 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The author of this paper presents an analysis of inductive reasoning based on Patrick Hurley's text on the terms "necessary" and "sufficient". The author states that it should be somewhat easier to demonstrate relevance for an inductive argument, as the association to be established is not as strong as in deductive reasoning. Also, based on criteria established in this paper,the author asserts that, in order to establish relevance in an inductive argument, one must establish that the criterion being argued for is a necessary condition. However, the author asserts that in order to support establishing relevance for an inductive argument, one should insist that each premise be rigorously examined to ascertain whether it is in fact necessary.
From the Paper
"In Hurley's terms, we might say that what we need to establish relevance for an inductive argument would be to show that the stipulated criterion was a necessary condition. However, because we are only trying to show a probable connection, we do not need to show that the criteria was a sufficient condition, nor do we need to establish that it is relevant by showing that it is a sufficient and necessary condition. In Hurley's terms, what is necessary to evaluate the strength of an argument is to know 'whether the probability of the conclusion rests upon the evidence given in the premises' (Hurley 379). What Hurley is really saying here is that the strength of an inductive argument rests partly on the relevance of its conditions."
| |
|
Induction In "Taming Of The Shrew", 1995.
Examines the nature, function and effect of the prologue of the play as an Elizabethan device.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 55.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"THE INDUCTION IN SHAKESPEARE?S TIME
Playwrighting is a highly codified process. From the beginnings of ancient drama through the present day, plays have been constructed according to stringent and predetermined guidelines. The Aristotelian unities of action, time and place are examples of these guidelines, as are the carefully detailed characters of Roman burlesque and Italian Commedia del-Arte. The Elizabethan theater inherited many of the conventions of the preceding generations and incorporated many innovations which have since become conventions. One element of Elizabethan drama is the induction, a prime example of which can be found in Shakespeare?s The Taming of the Shrew.
?Induction? is an archaic term for ?introduction? or ?prologue? ..."
| |
|
Pragmatism, 2006.
A review of the problem of induction and pragmatism's dubious solution.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 3 sources, $ 80.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses how pragmatism has much to offer the student of induction. While pragmatism is far from a solution to the problem of induction, Hume's challenge still remains unsolved. Pragmatism attempts to use deductive reasoning to surmount the lack of a clear system for the operation of induction. In this example, the attempt fails. But the manner of failure will undoubtedly provide great opportunities for the next attempt to surmount the problem of induction.
From the Paper
"Inductive reasoning is, in many ways, the hallmark of Western society since the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution. Though inductive reasoning is not a mode of thought limited to Westerners, it is characteristic of the scientific thought that dominates Western rationality. The concept is deceptively simple: use preexisting knowledge about the world to draw conclusions about events that have not yet occurred. We all do this everyday. Inductive reasoning is the means by which every person uses existing information about the world to draw conclusions about what the world might be like. It is a form of logic that permits the individual to understand what might happen based solely on what he/she has experienced to have happened in the past or even the present."
| |
|
Russell & The Inductive Principle, 2002.
Analysis of the arguments presented on inductive reasoning in
Russell's work, "The Problems of Philosophy".
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, $ 39.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The following is an essay and analysis on the problem of inferences. Specifically, this paper will analyze what Russell argues concerning inductive reasoning in his work titled "The Problems of Philosophy". The focus of this analysis will be toward the problem of induction in terms of the problems of 'knowledge' according to Russell. It will be argued that with respect to the problem of knowledge, Russell's position can generally be regarded as a 'skeptic', and that there is unquestionably a principle of uncertainty involved with inductive reasoning.
| |
|
Kant and Hume, 2002.
A look at how Kant attempts to solve Hume's problem.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the cause and effect problem that Hume elaborated on and the metaphysical beliefs of Kant in relation to the problem.
| |
|
David Hume's and Skepticism, 2002.
Discusses philosopher, David Hume's argument against the Skeptic movement and illuminates three problems found in this argument.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
David Hume was an undeniably brilliant philosopher who, at times, suffered in his writing the inability to adequately express his actual philosophy and thoughts. One of his most stunning arguments was, in actuality, a refutation of the Skeptics, a movement started in great part by Descartes, who attempted to convince Aristotelian philosophers that our experiences with the world are based solely upon our senses and, as such, our senses and thus our perception of the world and reality can be deceived. Therefore, the skeptic encourages us to question the validity of trusting only our senses for our knowledge of the world. While Descartes' and the other Skeptics' arguments were and continue to be the stuff of philosophical cliche (the "prove you exist" argument) the truth is that, as David Hume points out, there is no real point in pondering whether or not we actually exist. The fact of this futility is proven in the very real problem in that if we assume that the universe is the individual creation of just the "I", then the very same person is also taking on the role of God, which, according to Hume and others like him, is an impossibility. The ultimate end of the Skeptics argument, if you follow it to its logical conclusion, is that it is possible that all of us are the creation of some one person's imagination and that, as such, our existence is subject to the whims of one person's perception of reality and the self. Hume's argument, that such skeptical investigations of reality and the actuality of the self is pointless, is one which has a great deal of validity. But, there are counter arguments to his counter-argument, and in the interests of a full academic exploration of his philosophy, it is necessary to explore some of those arguments. It is the purpose of this paper, then, to examine three problems found in Hume's argument and to demonstrate that the exploration of reality from a skeptical point of view is nothing more than an exercise of thought, one that can ultimately only lead lead to psychological diagnoses of breaks in sanity rather than a treatise on our actual reality.
| |
|
Problem Solving and Creativity, 2005.
This paper seeks to identify characteristics of problem solving and creativity and the nature of their interaction.
3,215 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 92.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that the problem space includes the knowledge of the problem, the process for moving problems to goals, the limitation operations for solving the problem and the decision skills for solving the problem. The author stresses that, if the problem solver has difficulty making decisions about the steps in the procedure, then his application of all decision possibilities in the problem space is inhibited. The paper relates that motivation may serve as a catalyst to creativity causing a need for complex stimulation, a need to communicate ideas or concepts, or a need to solve complicated problems; to be creative, one must view problems, ideas, situations and concepts from a variety of new and insightful directions.
Table of Contents
Structuring the Approach to a Problem
Real Life Problem Solving
Problem Space
Creativity
Practical Applications for Problem Solving
From the Paper
"In the generate-and-test scenario, the problem solver takes the first candidate solution and tests it to see if will satisfy the problem. This technique is best suited for problems with few premises as not to overwhelm the resource allocation for the problem. Another aspect for employing this technique is the need for a formula or algorithm for testing the premise. This type of reasoning suits problems like move problems and map problems. Ideally, each step only has a few alternatives and the wrong choices are quickly identified."
| |
|
Problem Inventory Analysis, 2005.
This paper discusses problem inventory analysis using the hotel industry as the problem area.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper is a proposal of problems that could potential be used in a problem inventory analysis. The author suggests what the potential entrepreneur could learn by analyzing these problems. This paper relates that this method allows a person to foresee problems before they occur.
From the Paper
"The following is a list of problems associated with the hotel industry that could conceivably be used by individuals in a problem inventory analysis. The problems themselves would just be the starting point, though - because of the form that problem inventory analysis takes, proposed solutions to these problems would also be subjected to the analysis to come up with a more comprehensive solution and assessment of the current situation and eventual action to be taken. The problems listed below consist, in part, of problems that I have encountered in my professional capacity as a sales manager for a large hotel chain, but others are problems I foresee and that I have observed with regard to some of our competitors."
| |
|
David Hume, 2002.
An examination of "Moral Distinctions Not Derived from Reason", an excerpt from "A Treatise of Human Nature" by David Hume, and a comparison of moral theories between Hume and J.L. Mackie.
1,923 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 1 source, $ 61.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
According to Hume, morality is not a judgement about matters of fact. This paper analyzes Hume's philosophy and explains his basic arguments against the idea that moral pronouncements are judgments of reason. In addition, this papers analyzes the differences between Hume's philosophy and that of J.L. Mackie, who argued that there are no moral truths. Lastly, the paper identifies the manner in which one can agree with Hume, while not being a moral skeptic.
From the Paper
"I do believe that it is entirely possible for an individual to subscribe to Hume?s beliefs, without being a moral skeptic. While Hume, like all moral skeptics, denies the existence of objective moral values, he does not dismiss the concept of universal human sentiment. Often the notion of skepticism is little more than an abusive label, and at other times it is taken to mean only that one denies knowledge of some fact which most people accept. To say that Hume is a moral skeptic in either of these senses would, of course, be unpersuasive because similar charges could be brought against almost any moral theory."
| |
|
The Philosophy of David Hume, 2008.
The paper provides a brief overview of David Hume's theories and beliefs.
1,354 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper looks at Hume's examination of causation and the problems inherent in it, his theory of perception, his theory of knowledge or what he might call "inner perception" and finally his theory of the self. The paper also offers a brief look at his ideas on morality and religion. The paper concludes that the fact that Hume's "metaphysical microscope" continues to be found a provocative source of thought and philosophical contemplation three centuries after its author's death, is a testimony to the power of Hume's work.
From the Paper
"David Hume remains one of the most well-known and influential of British philosophers due to the broad scope of the ideas and the depth of analysis that are exhibited throughout his voluminous writings. His philosophical outlook has been described as something of a syncretism between naturalism and skepticism, and he builds upon the work of predecessors such as Berkeley and Locke while going beyond them on a number of levels. He is known for a profoundly skeptical epistemology in which he dissects and invalidates received wisdom and "common sense" about various topics including the nature of causation, the self, and religion; as a result, he was often denounced as "atheistic" by contemporaries, but his thought was a vital influence on later thinkers such as economist Adam Smith and philosopher Jeremy Bentham, not to mention (in the 19th century) Charles Darwin ("David Hume" 1.)"
|
|
|
