| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "HUMAN TACTIC EVOLUTIONARY MANIPULATION": |
|
|
The Human Tactic of Evolutionary Manipulation, 2000.
The ongoing discussion viewed through the lens of biotechnology about the meaning of evolution.
1,555 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 2 sources, $ 51.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explores the concept of evolution from a biotechnological point of view and the ongoing discussion amongst scholars. It looks at the article - Playing God in the Garden by Michael Pollan and explains why the epitomises the discussion of this topic.
From the Paper
"Some might say that human beings are, in large part, an arrogant species. Perhaps, they would suggest, we carry a general air of self-righteousness with respect to our relationship with the earth. It is a mien that evolves as we do. Our constantly developing sense of self, as well as the abilities to reason, implement social behavior and conduct intelligent thought processes, contributes directly to the superiority that we feel both as individuals and as a collective civilization. Whether this feeling of superiority is justified or not is a debate best left to another forum, however, the assumption of its credence has had a historically far-reaching effect on the world, perhaps an effect greater than any genuine substantiation to that assumption could engender. As a whole, we have taken the autonomy of global domination upon ourselves, and, rather than appealing to the practice of natural selection, we force the surrounding environments and species into an involuntary adaptation to our needs. As such, human evolution, and the demand it creates, affects change, or evolution in those environments and species. In the pursuit of our own survival, we have altered, and in some cases disturbed, the natural process of evolution in the plant and animal kingdoms in order to meet our own needs. Thusly, it can be deduced that a good majority of the unnatural evolution of certain environments and species can be directly attributed to the evolution of humanity. This is of crucial import when considering particular examples of natural response to human tampering as discussed in our text. In his account, "Playing God In the Garden", Michael Pollan provides insight to Steven Jay Gould's discussion on the definition of evolution, "What Does the Dreaded "E" Word Mean, Anyway?" by directly applying the questions of human evolution's predictability, directionality and, essentially, its relevance to its surrounding world."
| |
|
Manipulation Tactics, 2006.
This paper examines various strategies and methods of persuasion and influence, whether for financial gain or other purposes.
1,053 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the cause and effects of cult influences, while also detailing the four main methods of defense against these particular manipulation tactics. The writer of this paper stresses the importance of protecting ourselves against these specific influences, by understanding the warning signs associated with cults. This paper explores the bias of self-serving cults, which are well known and should be recognized easily. This paper focuses on another manipulation and influential tactic, which is used by the media in advertising. The writer of this paper also discusses the ethical and moral aspects surrounding these coercion tactics.
From the Paper
"Another method of influence that comes on us is through frames and they are used for both good of the people or evil. The frames are manipulative to put individuals in a situation where they would find it very difficult to get out of. The frames are formed in a manner where they can not be determined easily as ordinary persons are too busy to realize that they are facing an issue which has been framed. The method of avoiding this is to remember that one has to make all decisions for oneself with full responsibility. One of the areas when this is used in convincing people to purchase some not needed items. To avoid this people have to ask themselves whether they need the item, or whether they have greater needs for their money. One has also to find out if the seller would be making a benefit from the purchase, and this is to be found out. When this matter is being hidden one can be certain that one is being framed. The method of defending oneself is to suggest alternate strategies to the individual and see the reaction."
| |
|
Forces that Shape the Human Genome, 2001.
The paper examines the forces that shape the human genome from an evolutionary perspective.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper looks at what forces play a role in human evolution. It examines, for example, migration, parasites, recombination and relates it to relevant examples, including the spread of an epidemic.
From the Paper
"The human genome has been shaped by a number of evolutionary processes whose heterogeneity and interactions also account for the genetic diversity within the human population. Throughout the evolutionary history of our species, one of the most important determinants of genetic diversity has been the force of natural selection. Natural selection tends to eliminate phenotypic traits that decrease fitness (reproductive success). Since a phenotype is largely a reflection of a genotype and reproduction serves as the only means of transmission of genes, natural selection helps to shape evolution by decreasing the frequency of detrimental alleles (versions) of genes in population over time. Some genes, however, seem to be under little or no selection pressure and hence can have multiple alleles without a negative impact upon survival and reproduction. Different alleles, moreover, confer differential fitness depending on environmental factors. Thus, the presence of the sickle cell allele of the hemoglobin gene in a population is disadvantageous in the US, but confers a reproductive advantage to heterozygous individuals who reside in an area that has a high prevalency of malaria."
| |
|
The Human Genome Project, 2008.
A look at how hominid evolutionary studies will be aided by the completion of the human genome project.
1,260 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 42.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This essay discusses recent discoveries in evolutionary studies, including the human genome project, and will speculate on the impact that these new discoveries will have on evolutionary studies. The paper concludes that we can look forward to substantial and possibly profound breakthroughs in terms of understanding what it is to be human, but warns that we should not expect to find the meaning of life with our microscopes.
From the Paper
"For example, since the completion of the human genome project, scientists have achieved another milestone: they have completed the genetic map blueprint of the chimpanzee. Due to the chimpanzee's close relationship to humans (in evolutionary terms), we now have the opportunity to better understand the evolutionary processes that have combined to create human beings. The scientific analysis has revealed that some 96% of human and chimp genomes are exactly the same. More important still are the insights provided by the differences between human and chimp genomes."
| |
|
Manipulation in "Macbeth", 2004.
An analysis of the evidence of manipulation between individuals and the supernatural in William Shakespeare's "Macbeth."
2,009 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the evidence of manipulation in William Shakespeare's play, "Macbeth." It investigates this manipulation at both a supernatural level and a human one. It discusses who manipulates whom and how and then takes into consideration the consequences that it entails. Finally, the paper discusses to what extent manipulation can be considered as a key to the whole play.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Body
Manipulation
Supernatural manipulation
Manipulation at a human level
Lady Macbeth:
Macbeth - from manipulated to manipulator
The rhetoric of manipulation
The consequences of manipulation
At the level of events
At the level of the individual
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to the Concise Oxford Dictionary, "manipulation", from manipulate (manus) can be defined as "to manage persons by dextrous (esp. unfair) use of influence". Hence, it can be considered as a form of influence exerted upon someone, in order to obtain something or to change someone's behaviour for a given purpose. As a consequence, manipulation involves a certain form of persuasion, even domination; it is then a basic political principle. Macbeth can be defined as the tragedy of usurped power insofar as Macbeth, the hero, transgresses the natural order to fulfil his personal ambition. To achieve his goal, he does not hesitate to manipulate the natural course of history by killing Duncan. The murder of the rightful king is inevitably followed by many others until Macbeth's tyranny is fully established in the realm. Yet, if the political dimension of the tragedy must not be overlooked, Macbeth is also and above all the tragedy of a man who chooses evil instead of good to satisfy his mad passion. In other words, politics and metaphysics are closely linked in the play. Thus, because of its very specificity, manipulation in Macbeth must be investigated at different levels, at a supernatural level, then at a human one (The first question to ask is who manipulates whom and how (i.e. rhetoric of manipulation)? Then we must take into consideration the consequences that it entails. At last, to what extent can manipulation be considered as a key to the whole play, and what conclusion can we derive from this?"
| |
|
Human Dignity in the Nazi Era, 2005.
A look at the implications for contemporary bioethics arising from the Nazi treatment of human beings.
7,812 words (approx. 31.2 pages), 76 sources, MLA, $ 169.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines how the justification for Nazi programs involving involuntary euthanasia, forced sterilisation, eugenics and human experimentation were strongly influenced by views about human dignity. It looks at how the historical development of these views should be examined today because discussions of human worth and value are integral to medical ethics and bioethics. It discusses how social Darwinism was foremost amongst the philosophies impacting views of human dignity in the decades leading up to Nazi power in Germany and how Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory was quickly applied to human beings and social structure.
Outline
Abstract
Background
Major Influences
Malthusianism
Herbert Spencer
Natural Selection
Hereditary
Eugenics
The Path to Nazi Medicine
Five Beliefs and their Impact on Bioethics
The Nature of Ethics
Human Distinctiveness
Human Gradation
Life Not Worth Living
Survival Of The Fittest
Inherent Human Dignity
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Social Darwinism was foremost amongst the philosophies impacting views of human dignity in the decades leading up to Nazi power in Germany. Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory was quickly applied to human beings and social structure. The term 'survival of the fittest' was coined and seen to be applicable to humans. Belief in the inherent dignity of all humans was rejected by social Darwinists. Influential authors of the day proclaimed that an individual's worth and value were to be determined functionally and materialistically. The popularity of such views ideologically prepared German doctors and nurses to accept Nazi social policies promoting survival of only the fittest humans. A historical survey reveals five general presuppositions that strongly impacted medical ethics in the Nazi era. These same five beliefs are being promoted in different ways in contemporary bioethical discourse. "
| |
|
Evolutionary Psychology, 2006.
A discussion of evolutionary psychology as the bridge between social science and Christianity.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses evolutionary psychology, a multi-disciplinary approach to science and philosophy intended to reveal why and how human beings seek out a higher power. This paper discusses how the relatively new field can be used to help interpret the affect of family life on personality as well as the evolution of humanity and our development into social hierarchies. In other words, the paper explains, evolutionary psychology maintains that man should no longer be considered to be a creature of his cultural development -- but instead, cultural developments should be considered to the outcome of man's evolutionary needs and deeds. By critiquing evolutionary psychology, the paper also confronts questions such as: What is at stake in the contemporary drift back to the child-rearing patterns of our mammalian cousins where females provide the care and socialization? and Why do we as a species gravitate towards religion? The paper concludes that evolutionary psychology may ultimately reduce the ideas of the social scientists and elevate those with religious fervor. Therefore, the paper agrees that evolutionary psychology is a bridge between the social sciences and Christianity -- but in a negative sense.
Outline:
Introduction
Debates
Evolutionary Psychology
Social Sciences
Christianity
Bridge
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Discourses on specific relationships between societies, religious factions and their natural environments have been a persistent feature of human nature. There have been numerous writers, philosophers and thinkers that have routinely attempted to tie science, social science and religion together in some elaborate social theory. "The discussion of disciplinary history sheds light on what have often been long and intricate conflicts over the demarcation of disciplinary boundaries, in particular between the biological and social sciences. Any attempt to cross the boundary between biology and the social sciences makes visible the connections and reveals the blind spots created by these disciplinary divisions. Past history is still present in the definition of concepts, the images created by them, and, above all, in the resistance to interdisciplinary interactions. For these reasons, awareness of the sources of potential misunderstandings can help focus attention on real, rather than spurious, disagreements." (Maasen, Mitchell, Richerson, & Weingart, 1997)"
| |
|
Human Evolution, 2002.
Discusses the theory that human evolution is a result of the interplay between genes and the environment.
2,405 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Biologist E. Mayr put forth a theory that interplay between human genes and their environment contributes to human evolution. He believes this sets narrow limits on allowable evolutionary changes within a species. The paper shows that developmental biologists believe that the genes active early in development are the oldest acquired genes, while those active in the later stages of development are more recently acquired genes. In this respect, changes in the older genes would have more serious deleterious effects in the individual than changes in the newer genes. This paper produces support for this theory on human evolution by providing examples of human and other mammal development.
From the Paper
"Engels (2) uses the example of human hands to explain the idea of human evolution. He believes that hands are the "perfected product of hundreds of thousands of years of labor. The endless adaption of new manual operations allowed human hands to become indispensable tools." Engels postulates that as apes evolved into man, they adopted an upright posture and began using their hands for purposes other than walking. Even though monkeys used their hands for holding food, clubs to attack their enemies, etc., none has the capacity for using their hands that man does. Since even primitive man was able to fashion tools and spear heads, and even simple jewelry, the muscles, ligaments, and bones must have evolved over time to allow their use in more complicated tasks."
| |
|
Media Manipulation, 2006.
A review of media manipulation, focusing on the various methods of manipulation.
2,145 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper reviews and reports the opinions of experts and journalists who have analyzed the issue of media manipulation of the news. This is not a paper that is predicting a "big brother" conspiracy that is trying to take over America or brainwash all the TV-watching, Internet surfing and newspaper-reading citizens. But there are many issues that the average American should be aware of when trying to read, hear, watch and digest "news" as presented by the media today, and this paper addresses those concerns.
From the Paper
"It's very clear from reading through research material on today's media that most Americans get their evening news through half-hour TV programs specializing in dramatic, entertaining video and "sound bites" from politicians, entertainers, and the "man in the street."
Those news shows - from cable, local, and network productions - are often more concerned with ratings (which drive the profitability of television) than with full coverage. That is not a positive trend in American life, and this paper addresses that dynamic as well.
The significance of media manipulation can be seen even more dramatically with a look back at the way television journalism was presented to the public in the recent past. Reporters had guts, and went after government; that is depicted in a new movie, "Good Night and Good Luck," written and directed by actor George Clooney. The movie features the professional life of former CBS television interviewer, Edward R. Murrow, who boldly took on U.S. Senator Joe McCarthy at a time when McCarthy was attacking many well-known people with baseless accusations that they were "communists." An article in the Los Angeles Times (Goldstein, 2005) refers to Murrow as "a real hero" who, like other journalists in his era, "once pursued greatness, not just ratings and ad linage."
| |
|
Analysis of "Culture and the Evolutionary Process", 2007.
An analysis of "Culture and the Evolutionary Process" by Robert Boyd and Peter Richerson.
1,059 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 37.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper ananlyzes the hypotheses presented in Robert Boyd and Peter Richerson's seminal work "Culture and the Evolutionary Process." The reviewer considers assumptions presented in the book which underline the relationship between science and culture in promoting human evolution. The paper also shows links between Boyd and Richardson and earlier research in the field. The reviewer concludes that the discussions and analyses in "Culture and the Evolutionary Process" uncovers explanations and generates further understanding of how humans and human society came about, and continues to develop in the present.
From the Paper
"Boyd and Richerson provide two general assumptions that lead to their hypothesis, which posits that science and culture significantly influence each other in understanding the human evolutionary process. In the words of the authors, "process-oriented "scientific" analyses help us understand how history works, and "historical" data are essential to test scientific hypotheses about how populations and societies change" "
| |
|
Evolutionary Biology, 2002.
This paper critiques a recent article in evolutionary biology: Velicer, Gregory J. and Richard E Lenski "Evolutionary Trade-offs Under Conditions of Resource Abundance and Scarcity: Experiments with Bacteria" Ecology 80: June 1999, pp. 1168+.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper outlines the experimental method employed, the importance of the research and its future implications.
| |
|
Manipulation, 2002.
A review of Immanuel Kant's theory of manipulation from his book "To the Metaphysical Elements of Ethics".
1,181 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 40.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines Immanuel Kant's theory of manipulation and how the manipulation of one man by another, or a group of men by another, seems to be considered immoral, or less than moral, since the idea of manipulation is the assumption of some sort of power over others. It discusses how Kant believed that virtue is the term for opposing and resisting immorality within us. It attempts to answer the question of why a man manipulates others whether it be for power, for greed or for some sort of financial or political gain- an edge over others.
From the Paper
"Kant makes his theory of ethics very clear. "What are the Ends which are also Duties? They are A. Our own perfection. B, Happiness of others." (Kant 1952 369) Perfection is an ideal which can never be truly reached of course. But, we can use the Hippocratic Oath as an example, which states "At least, do no harm." How can we provide3 happiness for others when, within our human make-up there continues to be the idea of manipulating for our own ends. The answer is simple- we need to look inward. One must remember the historic cry of Attorney Joseph Welch railing against Senator Joseph McCarthy: "Have you no shame?" We are, indeed, our brothers? keepers in the sense that thwarting their ambitions and the ends to which they strive does indeed degrade us. Means do matter toward an end. If there is one trait that Man has which no other animal possesses it is a conscience."
| |
|
Human Cloning.
This paper discusses the ethical arguments for and against human cloning.
2,765 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that, historically, many great medical advancements, such as anesthesia and heart transplantation, were fiercely rejected by many bio-conservative moralists, but now have gained acceptance. The author points out that people who disagree with human cloning believe the idea runs contradictory to the evolutionary need to retain a basic level of genetic variety and the variety in nature created by God. The paper stresses that human cloning could lead to situations where a completely new form of genetic and psychological counseling would become a necessity.
From the Paper
"A significant advantage suggested out of cloning is that it is a therapy for childlessness. The reasons for sterility are by genetic defects, wounds to the reproductive organs, hereditary defects and contact to poisonous material and waves. Sterile people can have an advanced possibility of success by human cloning. Many people are not sterile, as they cannot produce feasible gametes. For cloning technology a feasible sperm or egg is not required, any body cell will do. This technology will be able to avoid faulty gametes and permits sterile people to have their own biological children. By cloning technology, suicide, separation, clinical gloominess among sterile people can be stopped. The ideal gene treatment is likely by cloning technology, the real alteration or substitution of flawed gene series."
| |
|
Psycho-Evolutionary Theory of Adventure, 2007.
This paper looks at risk taking behavior and concentrates on Griffiths' psycho-evolutionary theory.
4,703 words (approx. 18.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 121.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the reasons behind risk taking behavior have baffled psychologists and sociologists for many years. This research explores new theories that might help to explain why people love to take risks. It revisits some of the older theories and adds insight into emerging philosophies on risk taking behavior. The proposed study takes into account current theories on risk taking behaviors, but focuses on Griffiths' psycho-evolutionary theory and its impact on risk taking theory. The writer examines several new theories including biophilia, intra-indigenous consciousness, theories in adventure education, and social disconnectedness. The paper also includes appendices, showing details of survey and an IQ test.
Outline:
Proposal
Introduction
Background and Underlying Theory
The Emotional Response to Risk
The History of Risk Theory
Evolutionary Perspectives
Modern Theories
Psycho-evolutionary Theory
Theoretical Basis of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Hypothesis
Methodology
Study Participants
Research Instrument
Procedure
Variables
Data Analysis
Limitations of the Study
Conclusion
Appendix I
Appendix II
Works Cited
From the Paper
"People can be divided into risk takers, risk reducers and risk avoiders. This is termed as the person's risk orientation. Risk avoiders tend to avoid situations that they feel are risky. Risk reducers partake in an activity, but ignore, or refuse to acknowledge the risks involved. Risk takers appear to be attracted to the risks themselves and will participate in an activity because of the risks involved. It is this third category, risk takers that this research will be most concerned with. The purpose of this research will be to tie traditional theories about risk taking to the psychoevolutionary theory in order to examine the possibility of an evolutionary basis for the propensity towards engaging in risky behaviors."
| |
|
Human Origins and Evolution: Evidence from the Y-Chromosome?, 2003.
Presents arguments that explain why sequence analysis cannot confidently answer evolutionary questions.
1,354 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 26 sources, APA, $ 45.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper highlights difficulties with using sequence data to estimate parameters about human ancestral populations, particularly times of speciations (when new species evolved). The Y chromosome has been analyzed to infer various parameters about human ancestral populations and to provide clues as to human origins. The paper argues that the individual properties of this data source combined with a burgeoning list of refutable assumptions make any and all of these results utterly spurious. The paper argues that molecular experts claim that the old and imprecise science of paleontology has been superseded by their far more mathematically precise methods. These experts sideline the fact that all their estimates are fundamentally based on paleontologically acquired data. The paper includes illustrations and table.
From the Paper
"The Y-linked SRY gene triggers mammalian male-determining processes when expressed in the embryonic bipotential gonad. Sex chromosomes are thought to have evolved ~300Mya, probably replacing a mechanism based on gestational ambient temperature. Current opinion is that the Y-chromosomal SRY gene and its X-chromosome homologue (SOX3) are variants diverged from an ancestral non-sex-determining gene. When the ancient SRY-precursor gene gained a dominant and penetrant male-determining function the homologues became sex chromosomes and the process of dramatic degeneration and specialisation of the Y began. Pseudoautosomal regions (PARs) located at the tips of X and Y recombine at high frequency during male meiosis. Consequently, these regions are similar to autosomal sequences in base composition and gene diversity. PARs comprise 5% of the Y and the other 95% makes up the non-recombining region of the Y (NRY). Recombination deficiency of the NRY is thought to result from lack of homology with the X, due to several large inversions. Null mutations accumulate in NRY genes as they are ?sheltered? by X-chromosome homologues."
|
|
|
