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The Human Rights Act, 2004.
An analysis of the British Human Rights Act of 1998.
2,713 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Human Rights Act of 1998, which was passed in Great Britain in order to bring British law into compliance with parts of the European Convention on Human Rights. The paper explains that the Human Rights Act seems to be a simple statement that all public authorities must adhere to all provisions of the Convention. The paper examines what constitutes public authorities and presents several court cases to illustrate the point.
From the Paper
"The Human Rights Act of 1998 made it illegal for any public body to create rules incompatible with the European Convention on Human Rights. The law also allows British citizens who believe their rights have been violated to defend their rights in a British court, where before this they would have been able only to turn to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. This latter option still remains as a last resort. The Act applies only to the government of the United Kingdom, while stronger provisions exist for the devolved Scottish administration under the Scotland Act OF 1998, providing that the Scottish Executive and the Scottish Parliament have no power to do anything contrary to the European Convention on Human Rights."
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Human Rights Law, 2003.
An analysis of the protections of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) as they apply to human rights law in the United Kingdom.
3,065 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the history of the Council of Europe and The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, commonly known as the ECHR (European Convention on Human Rights). The paper analyzes the history of human rights in the UK beginning with the Magna Carta of the 13th century, and continuing into the 20th century, when legislation was developed to coordinate British law with the original ECHR of 1949 and its subsequent charters and protocols expanding European protections of civil rights. The paper reviews various sections of the ECHR and compares them to English Common Law and provisions of the UK's Human Rights Act of 1998. The paper discusses the difference between non-derogable rights and derogated rights, citing several relevant sections of the ECHR. It also examines several points of the ECHR and considers their acceptability under UK law. In conclusion, the paper finds that the ECHR laws are quite complex and that new British legislation only furthers the dissonance with their applicability to the UK.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Analysis
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The Council for Europe had been originally established at the end of the Second World War and had an objective of the protection of Europe against totalitarianism and atrocities that were witnessed during the war. This council had the convention as a treaty within the actions it took. (European Convention on Human Rights) The United Kingdom was one of the founder members of this convention and also involved in the design of the law. It was also one of the first countries to approve the treaty. It has also appeals to be made to the European Commission for Human Rights since 1966. The influence of the Convention has been growing in the UK during the past ten years as the European Court of Human Rights are now taking quicker action about the appeals that are being made to it. (The European Convention on Human Rights)"
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Human Rights, 2003.
An overview of human rights around the world today and the issues currently affecting the international community.
2,355 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a wide-ranging look at human rights around the world today, showing the key themes and issues currently affecting the international community. The introduction explains key terms necessary for the paper and gives a history of the development of human rights. The paper focuses on two case-studies (though numerous other examples are cited where applicable): South Africa and Japan. South Africa is used as an example of a developing country whose human rights issues have been identified internally by the South African government as well as externally by the international community and then acted upon to some degree of success. The author of the paper goes undercover in Japan to show that, despite apparent ?successes? such as in South Africa, shocking human rights violations still occur today worldwide even in developed countries and need to be exposed and then dealt with.
From the Paper
"The word ?apartheid? was used as the National Party?s political slogan in the 1940s but the policy of ?separate development? extends back to the beginning of white settlement in South Africa in 1652. When the Afrikaan Nationalists came to power in 1948, the social custom of apartheid became institutionalized under South African law. The 1950 Population Registration Act categorized all South Africans into three racial categories: Bantu (black African), white or Colored (if mixed race); with a fourth category, Asian, added later mainly for Indians and Pakistanis. The system of apartheid was developed by a series of laws in the 1950s. The 1950 Group Areas Act allotted races to different residential and business sections in cities. The Land Acts of 1954 and 1955 restricted nonwhite residence to specific areas and limited ownership of land."
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Human Rights in South Africa, 2003.
An overview of international human rights with an emphasis on South Africa.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a wide-ranging look at human rights around the world today, showing the key themes and issues currently affecting the international community. The introduction explains key terms necessary for the paper and gives a history of the development of human rights. The paper focuses on South Africa as a case-study (though numerous other examples are cited where applicable). South Africa is used as an example of a developing country whose human rights issues have been identified internally by the South African government as well as externally by the international community and then acted upon to some degree of success.
From the Paper
"?Human rights? are rights that all humans are entitled to such as the right to live, the right to liberty, the right to freedom of expression and the right to equality within society. ?Civil rights? and ?civil liberties? refer to the guarantees that a state may make to its citizens and are offered in addition to one?s basic human rights. Perhaps the best quantification of human rights (and the mostly widely accepted) is the United Nations? Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Although the UN?s Declaration is over half a century old and has been savagely criticized at times it still serves as a useful guide to general ideals of human rights."
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Human Rights Violations, 2005.
Examines and compares human rights violations towards Jews in Nazi Germany and the population of Chechnya.
5,900 words (approx. 23.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 140.95
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Abstract
Two great examples of far-reaching human rights violations that have been studied extensively are the treatment of Jews in Nazi Germany, as well as the violations in Chechnya. These two major human rights violations have been viewed quite often throughout the international community. There have been many hours of investigation put into finding and understanding the origins, dimensions, and outcomes of both of these ruthless acts of violence. By comparing the two, this paper provides insight into how these violations first began and all the dimensions associated with the two. It also provides insight into how the human rights movement began and how it has looked to solve these problems.
From the Paper
"The combat between federal forces and Chechen rebels has for the most part ceased over the last few years yet the disappearances, torture, and summary execution of detainees continue. The type of fighting has changed from the classical war and has turned into a "dirty war, where human rights violations and not the conquest or defense of territory are the main goals" (Denber). Criminal investigations into disappearances have been very ineffective and poorly enforced and innocent people continue being severely tortured and killed, and the perpetrators easily get away with it."
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Impact of Civil Rights Act of 1991, 2006.
This paper discusses the impact of the Civil Rights Act of 1991 on human resources management and looks at how one act changed American human resources management for the better.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 7 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the impact of the Civil Rights Act of 1991 upon American businesses and their human resources departments. While acknowledging that there is evidence of increased litigation, some of which has resulted in seemingly exorbitant penalties for businesses, and while acknowledging that there is evidence the act has not resulted in an appreciable increase of minority and female representation in some areas presumably because of an unwillingness on the part of employers to hire high risk candidates, the paper asserts that the Act has forced human resources departments to adopt a more collegial and cooperative approach.
From the Paper
"It remains an interesting topic for debate: has the 1991 Civil Rights Act achieved its intended goal of furthering the "integration" of the American workplace or has it had the opposite impact of making it more costly and therefore more unpalatable for employers to hire "protected status" workers? With the aforementioned in mind, this paper will argue that, while the 1991 Act has not been without shortcomings, it has nonetheless done many positive things for American business (specifically as it pertains to creation of a more diverse and equable workplace) and that the benefits of the 1991 Act still outweigh the costs."
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The Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 2006.
A discussion on whether the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 have managed to meet their intended objective of eliminating discrimination in relation to equal pay.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Legislation relating to discrimination in the workplace that affects modern workers can be related to the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Equal Pay Act focused on gender and wages, attempting to create a national law that prohibited employers from paying women less than men for the same type of work. This paper maintains that, unfortunately, discrimination in relation to equal pay still exists in the United States, demonstrating that these laws had little effect on the realities within the workplace.
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The Civil Rights Act of 1964, 2004.
This paper discusses the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and its effects on the civil rights movement and American history.
1,855 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the theory behind the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and all the following civil rights legislation was simply to assist people in their attempt at upward mobility. The author points out that, without the judicial system to enforce the legislation of change, the legislation becomes worth no more than the parchment upon which it is written. The paper relates that the Equal Opportunity Employment Act protects women from discrimination upon the basis of their family status.
From the Paper
"The first court case that began the chain of events that created these laws was the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, which established a legal precedence for the inclusion of racial segregation in public train cars. This single case began an already spirited legal climb toward a group of laws defining segregation that would later be known as Jim Crow Laws, named for a black face vaudevillian actor who was a popular racial stereotype in the late 1800s. With this initial establishment of legally enforceable segregation laws, the country was swept with laws governing everything from public schools to movie theaters and cafes."
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Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, 2004.
Discusses the history and the impact of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act in the United States.
1,056 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the reasons Title VII of the Civil Rights Act was needed and enacted, what rights the law has secured for individual workers, what legal aspects it covers, and the history of the law itself. The paper also looks at the impact Title VII has had on the workplace, its successes, and its failures.
From the Paper
"Title VII of the civil rights act was a hard won victory for civil rights activists and workers in 1964. In securing this act, they ended the decades of ?separate but equal? treatment that had been used as a justification for discrimination against black Americans, and also wrote into law precedents that would affect change in the labor market undercurrents that subtly discriminated against women. The text of the Civil Rights Act made it unlawful for an employer to hire or discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his/her compensation, terms, conditions or privileges of employment, because of an individual?s race, color, religion, sex or national origin. This act covers hiring, firing, promotions and all workplace conduct."
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Evolution of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 2004.
The writer describes the evolution of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the impact of the law on the workplace.
1,584 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses this law, which bans discrimination, including sex-based discrimination, by trade unions, schools, or employers that are involved in interstate commerce or that do business with the federal government. It describes how important this law is in the workplace and entire economy.
From the Paper
"The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in a broad array of private conduct including public accommodations, governmental services and education. One section of the Act, referred to as Title VII, prohibits employment discrimination based on race, sex, color, religion and national origin (Milestones 2). The Act prohibits discrimination against the aforementioned protected classes in the areas of recruitment, hiring, wages, assignment, promotions, benefits, discipline, discharge, layoffs and almost every aspect of employment (Milestones No Date)."
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The 1964 Civil Rights Act: A Millsian Analysis, 2002.
Examines the groundbreaking constitutional act from the perspective of political theorist, C. Wright Mills.
1,695 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
In the post-World War II period, American has undergone any number of often dramatic social transformations, many of which have focused on new demands for empowerment on the part of disparate minority groups such as African-Americans. Many theorists suggest that the "identity politics" of this era challenged the American establishment of elites in business, society and government as well as the military. The paper shows that this challenge was integral to the liberal agenda of the 1960s, an agenda that resulted in the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, banning discrimination in employment and public accommodations on the basis of race, religion, gender or national origin. It is the social transformation ushered in by the Civil Rights Act of 1964, with a specific focus on the impact of this and other Congressional Acts (e.g., the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 and the 1966 Metropolitan Area Redevelopment and Demonstration Cities Act), that is analyzed in this paper from the perspective of C. Wright Mills.
From the Paper
"The 1960s and the 1970s brought permanent, even revolutionary, changes in American race and social relations. Henretta, et al (1997), for example, state that Jim Crow segregation was overturned in less than a decade, and federal legislation ensured protection of Black Americans? basic civil rights. The enfranchisement of Blacks in southern states ended the political control by a lily-white Democratic party, and facilitate the political advancement of African-Americans and their increased visibility in local government positions and elected state and federal Congressional seats. Today, African-Americans hold or have held key posts - as city mayors, council members and aldermen or women, as governors, as Congresspersons and as Senators. Many (though perhaps hardly enough) have been appointed to the judiciary, to Cabinet-level posts in Washginton, DC, to positions in the State Department, or have reached high-ranking military ranks (including a Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Colin Powell). Other African-Americans have moved into the managerial and executive suites of corporate America, or into the worlds of academia, medicine, science, and the entertainment industry. However, Henretta, et al (1997), and Martin and Roberts (1990), as well as William Julius Wilson (1996), suggest that the advancement of African-Americans (and other minority groups) into the highest echelons of power, authority and influence has remained partial at best."
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Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 2005.
A look at this landmark Civil Rights legislation that has had a lasting impact on American society.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly describes how Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was enacted into law, its purpose and what rights it is intended to safeguard. The paper also takes a look at how this legislation made possible additional laws guarding against sexual harassment and affirmative action.
From the Paper
"President Lyndon Johnson signed the bill into law on July 2, 1964. Title VII of this Act outlaws discrimination in employment in any business on the basis of race, national origin, sex, or religion. Title VII only applies to employers with 15 or more employees. Title VII also prohibits retaliation against employees who oppose such unlawful discrimination (Author unknown, 1999). The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission enforces Title VII and investigates, mediates, and sometimes files lawsuits on behalf of employees. Title VII also states that an individual can bring a private lawsuit within 180 days of learning of the discrimination. In the late 1970s, courts began judging that sexual harassment was prohibited under the Act (Fitzgerald, 2003). Since then, Title VII has been supplemented with legislation prohibiting pregnancy, age, and disability discrimination. Currently, there is no federal law prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation. However, Congress continues to consider the Employment Non-Discrimination Act, which would prohibit sexual orientation employment discrimination (Williams, 1999)."
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Civil Rights Act and Language, 2000.
An analysis of the principles and applications of Title VII of the 1964 Act to determine the legality of English-only requirements in the workplace, focusing on court decisions.
6,750 words (approx. 27.0 pages), 9 sources, $ 127.95
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Abstract
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 bars employers from discriminating against employees or prospective employees based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Enforcement of Title VII has transformed the American labor force into a diverse group that mirrors the multicultural society at large, though not without controversy.
From the Paper
"Introduction
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 bars employers from discriminating against employees or prospective employees based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Enforcement of Title VII has transformed the American labor force into a diverse group that mirrors the multicultural society at large, though not without controversy. One such debate concerns employers who require their employees to speak only English in the workplace. Do such rules violate Title VII?s prohibition against discrimination based on national origin? This paper will explore that issue by analyzing the relevant statutes, agency decisions, and major court opinions.
Title VII
When Congress passed the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII?the first piece..."
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The Civil Rights Act Of 1875, 2004.
A discussion on the Civil Rights Bill of 1875.
1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Civil Rights Bill of 1875 and how the congressional debates over it. It explores the Reconstruction efforts leading up to it which revealed the power struggle between the states and their attempt at compromise
From the Paper
"Amid the voluminous archives of 19th Century civil rights history, America is record of the passage of a civil rights bill introduced by a Senator from Massachusetts by the name of Charles Sumner. Senator Sumner introduced this bill in every congressional session from until his death in and it was not until after Sumner's death that President Ulysses S. Grant finally signed the bill into law in The Civil Rights Act of which was later deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court ..."
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Natural Rights, Rule and Act Utilitarianism, 2001.
A look at the British philosopher, Jeremy Bentham?s famous work " Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation" in which he details his theory of Utilitarianism.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Bentham?s views on natural rights and how at first sight Utilitarianism seems to be antithetical to the idea of basic rights and whether it justifies the deprivation of an individual?s basic rights to serve the interests of the greatest numbers. It also explains how the theory of utilitarianism would justify respect for certain rights, and discuss the difference between rule-utilitarianism and act-utilitarianism.
From the Paper
"Jeremy Bentham believed in applying empirical methods, rationalism and deductive arguments to the development of moral and legal theories. At the outset of his Principles of Morals and Legislation he has identified the basis of the principle of Utility on which the Utilitarianism has been founded?pain and pleasure, and calls them the two ?sovereign masters? of mankind. The principle of utility, on which most of Bentham?s work is based, has been explained by him as: ?Any action that promotes happiness of an individual or lessens pain is right while any action that increases pain or decreases happiness is wrong.? He further explains that the happiness of the individual is the same as the happiness of the community since the community is nothing but the sum total of individuals. Another key element in Bentham?s theory of Utility is the concept of the happiness for the greatest number?and his belief that the happiness for the greatest number of people is quantifiable. He has also expanded his theory to include the acts of not only the individuals but that of the government as well, and because of his interest in law, the scope of his work included the legislative and judicial reforms."
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