| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "HUMAN EVOLUTION": |
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Human Evolution, 2002.
Discusses the theory that human evolution is a result of the interplay between genes and the environment.
2,405 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
Biologist E. Mayr put forth a theory that interplay between human genes and their environment contributes to human evolution. He believes this sets narrow limits on allowable evolutionary changes within a species. The paper shows that developmental biologists believe that the genes active early in development are the oldest acquired genes, while those active in the later stages of development are more recently acquired genes. In this respect, changes in the older genes would have more serious deleterious effects in the individual than changes in the newer genes. This paper produces support for this theory on human evolution by providing examples of human and other mammal development.
From the Paper
"Engels (2) uses the example of human hands to explain the idea of human evolution. He believes that hands are the "perfected product of hundreds of thousands of years of labor. The endless adaption of new manual operations allowed human hands to become indispensable tools." Engels postulates that as apes evolved into man, they adopted an upright posture and began using their hands for purposes other than walking. Even though monkeys used their hands for holding food, clubs to attack their enemies, etc., none has the capacity for using their hands that man does. Since even primitive man was able to fashion tools and spear heads, and even simple jewelry, the muscles, ligaments, and bones must have evolved over time to allow their use in more complicated tasks."
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Human Evolution, 2008.
Describes human evolution beginning with the separation of hominids from anthropoids about 5-6 million years ago.
1,605 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, as human evolution progressed from the australopithecines to Homo sapiens, early man began to walk upright, use fire, tools and language and create culture. The author describes the main species known in the evolutionary tract but omits other intermediates for which very few fossils have been found. Of these know species, the paper discusses distinguishing characteristics, what type of tool culture they had, and if they had any type of socialization. The author presents briefly famous archaeological finds. Includes many figures.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Australopithecines
Homo
Homo Habilis
Homo Erectus/ Homo Ergaster
Homo Neanderthalensis
Homo Sapiens
Cro-Magnon
Homo Sapien Sapien
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The most famous Australopithecine fossil is Lucy. The A. afarensis fossils were found in Hader, Ethiopia and were about 40% complete, including bipedal kneecaps and molars and front teeth similar to humans rather than great apes. Another famous fossil find was the Taung infant, found by Raymond Dart in Taung, South Africa. The A. africanus fossil consisted of the face, mandible, and a natural endocast of the brain case. Another famous find was the set of three footprints in Laetoli, Tanzania, by Mary Leakey."
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Genetics and Human Evolution, 2005.
Explains how mitochondrial DNA is used to reconstruct human evolution.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the use of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in tracing human evolution. The paper explains that mtDNA is maternal, and non-recombinant, making it a useful tool for looking back at ancestral lines and tracing them to the first modern human. The paper considers the two hypothesis for this: the African replacement hypothesis and the multi-regional hypothesis.
From the Paper
"Reconstructing human evolution is now done using genetic markers on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA to trace the relationships and origins of human populations. Because all mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited through the maternal cytoplasm variations in mtDNA provide evidence of maternal lineage. There is no DNA recombination occurring in mtDNA so the only changes from one mtDNA to the next are due to mutations in each sequence derived from a common ancestor. Polymorphisms are common in the non-coding regions of mtDNA with an estimated..."
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Human Evolution and Closest Relative, 2007.
This paper discusses the evolution of the human and discusses human origins.
2,016 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that evolution is defined as a change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation by such processes as mutation and natural selection. The writer notes that the topic of human evolution all started when human fossils and remains were discovered from different regions on earth. The writer points out that the availability of new technology even allows the study of the genetic structures of the fossils found, which signifies a more reliable and astonishing breakthrough in defining the start of human evolution. The writer concludes that many of the scientific evidences including that of the anatomical, archaeological and genetic provide a full proof view that modern humans descend from earlier hominid populations or our ape-like ancestors.
From the Paper
"Homo sapiens (about 100,000 years ago) is characterized by large brain size, high forehead, small eyebrow ridges, slender skeleton and upright structure. The Homo sapiens fossil record shows anatomical trends toward decreased bone mass. Their diet was more balanced - it included meat, grains and vegetables. The sapiens' tools were more sophisticated, and incorporated the use of raw materials. Surviving Cro-Magnon artifacts include huts, cave paintings, carvings and antler-tipped spears. The remains of tools suggest that they knew how to make woven clothing (according to a claim by Michael Rappenglueck, of the University of Munich. 2000.). The appearance of Cro-Magnon culture about 40,000 years ago was characterized by fine artwork - beads, ivory carvings, clay figurines, decorated tools and even musical instruments."
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Human Origins and Evolution: Evidence from the Y-Chromosome?, 2003.
Presents arguments that explain why sequence analysis cannot confidently answer evolutionary questions.
1,354 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 26 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper highlights difficulties with using sequence data to estimate parameters about human ancestral populations, particularly times of speciations (when new species evolved). The Y chromosome has been analyzed to infer various parameters about human ancestral populations and to provide clues as to human origins. The paper argues that the individual properties of this data source combined with a burgeoning list of refutable assumptions make any and all of these results utterly spurious. The paper argues that molecular experts claim that the old and imprecise science of paleontology has been superseded by their far more mathematically precise methods. These experts sideline the fact that all their estimates are fundamentally based on paleontologically acquired data. The paper includes illustrations and table.
From the Paper
"The Y-linked SRY gene triggers mammalian male-determining processes when expressed in the embryonic bipotential gonad. Sex chromosomes are thought to have evolved ~300Mya, probably replacing a mechanism based on gestational ambient temperature. Current opinion is that the Y-chromosomal SRY gene and its X-chromosome homologue (SOX3) are variants diverged from an ancestral non-sex-determining gene. When the ancient SRY-precursor gene gained a dominant and penetrant male-determining function the homologues became sex chromosomes and the process of dramatic degeneration and specialisation of the Y began. Pseudoautosomal regions (PARs) located at the tips of X and Y recombine at high frequency during male meiosis. Consequently, these regions are similar to autosomal sequences in base composition and gene diversity. PARs comprise 5% of the Y and the other 95% makes up the non-recombining region of the Y (NRY). Recombination deficiency of the NRY is thought to result from lack of homology with the X, due to several large inversions. Null mutations accumulate in NRY genes as they are ?sheltered? by X-chromosome homologues."
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Aggression in Human & Non-Human Primates, 1999.
Analyzes nature of violence, differences between humans & non-humans, biological, psychological & social causes, evolution, territoriality, survival and theories.
4,950 words (approx. 19.8 pages), 13 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"Abstract
This paper is an investigation of the topic of aggression in both humans and non-human primates with an attempt to understand the causes of such aggression and what links exist between the aggressive behaviors of different primate species.
The literature on primate aggression is reviewed and a number of bases for aggressive behavior are put forth, including psychoanalytic, biological, evolutionary and learned. The validity of each of these explanatory paradigms is examined and the evolutionary and social learning perspectives are established as being the most useful bases on which to create theoretical models of primate aggressive behavior.
A substantial amount of attention is paid to possible evolutionary causes of aggression and evolutionarily based links between the aggressive tendencies..:
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"The Third Chimpanzee", 2002.
Discusses this book by Jared Diamond on human evolution.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 1 source, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes the book "The Third Chimpanzee" by Jared Diamond, a book on human evolution both physical and cultural which carries human evolution from the earliest beginnings to the present day.
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Evolution, 2002.
A comprehensive analysis of the theory of evolution, belief in evolution, and its effect on student behavior.
2,716 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of believing in evolution, on the behavior of students by describing both the evolutionary theory and its various effects. The paper presents the considerable debates on the issues of evolution and creationism. The writer claims that evolution is usually held responsible for inducing immorality among its followers.
Introduction
Evolution or Creation
Evolution and Ethics
Evolution and Morality
Evolution and the Value of Human Life
Co-Existence of Evolution and Religion/Morality
Belief in Evolution and Behavior of a Student
References
From the Paper
"The theory of evolution that man is just another animal in the line of living forms, attaches the same value to a man?s life as the value that is attached to an animal. As a result, in presence of evolutionary claims, there is no rule that could regard a man?s life as more important than an animal?s and therefore worth treating any differently. Such a belief tends to lead, inevitably to unethical code of conduct. For instance, in January, 1973, the United States Supreme Court, in a 7-to-2 vote, decided that the human embryo growing within the human womb cannot be defined as ?human? and as a result, it can be subjected to any kind of maltreatment. According to Darwin, an evolutionist, since the weaker members of society are unfit and, by the laws of nature, cannot survive, a baby growing in the womb cannot survive either unless helped by a stronger being. Unless the mother, a stronger being, is bound by a moral code, she will not help a baby grow. This will, in the long run, inevitably lead to extinction of human race."
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Forces that Shape the Human Genome, 2001.
The paper examines the forces that shape the human genome from an evolutionary perspective.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at what forces play a role in human evolution. It examines, for example, migration, parasites, recombination and relates it to relevant examples, including the spread of an epidemic.
From the Paper
"The human genome has been shaped by a number of evolutionary processes whose heterogeneity and interactions also account for the genetic diversity within the human population. Throughout the evolutionary history of our species, one of the most important determinants of genetic diversity has been the force of natural selection. Natural selection tends to eliminate phenotypic traits that decrease fitness (reproductive success). Since a phenotype is largely a reflection of a genotype and reproduction serves as the only means of transmission of genes, natural selection helps to shape evolution by decreasing the frequency of detrimental alleles (versions) of genes in population over time. Some genes, however, seem to be under little or no selection pressure and hence can have multiple alleles without a negative impact upon survival and reproduction. Different alleles, moreover, confer differential fitness depending on environmental factors. Thus, the presence of the sickle cell allele of the hemoglobin gene in a population is disadvantageous in the US, but confers a reproductive advantage to heterozygous individuals who reside in an area that has a high prevalency of malaria."
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What is the Human Genome Project?, 2006.
An explanation of the Human Genome Project, its sponsors, its objectives and its potential benefits.
1,980 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the Human Genome Project. The paper begins by listing the project sponsors and explaining that the project's primary purpose was to map the human genome. Next, the paper briefly explains what a genome is and notes that the project was completed in 2003. Additionally, the paper explains that another objective of the project was to identify all of the genes in the human genome and that, at the heart of all of these objectives, was the goal of advancing the diagnosis and prevention of diseases, and advancing biotechnology and fundamental knowledge in medicine. The paper also discusses the controversial issues surrounding the Human Genome Project as well as social and ethical considerations of the project. Finally, the paper looks at the project's implication regarding the topic of evolution and concludes that, despite the controversy enveloping the project, its benefits exceed its disadvantages.
Table of Contents
Controversies
Accuracy of the Project
Societal Effects of the Human Genome Project
Ethics and the Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project and Evolution
From the Paper
"As with many scientific advances and projects, there are many points of contention surrounding the Human Genome Project. These controversies range from arguments about whether the HGP should exist at all to minor quibbles regarding the project's inner workings. Below are descriptions of two of these contested issues."
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Management Evolution Theory, 2006.
This paper discusses the evolution of management principles from the theories of the classical school to the present.
1,514 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the evolution of management principles, from classical theory (closely linked to scientific management theory) to the present. This includes three major stages, or schools of thought: (1) the classical school; (2) the human relations school; and (3) the human resources school. In this essay, the writer explores the evolution of the classical; human relations; and human resources schools of management theory. The writer also compares, contrasts and explains key differences between these three management theories. The writer also touches briefly on a few of today's other, more recent, management theories: systems theory; contingency theory; quality theory; reengineering theory and chaos theory.
From the Paper
"Classical-style management, on the other hand, is exemplified within organizations like IBM; Hitachi; Wal-Mart, and others. In fact, human relations-style management seems to have mostly gone out of style in most of today's organizations, particularly larger ones. Many times, companies like Wal-Mart or Starbuck's, with their stock option opportunities and other employee perks, seem to try to create an effect of employee inclusiveness, but such perks are in fact mere gestures within an essentially top-down (classical) organizational structure. In corporate life today, "top down" classical management is, although the oldest, also the most common. Increasingly, moreover, even non-profit entities like colleges and universities which used to practice (or at least had a reputation for practicing) principles like shared governance, are instead using top-down, hierarchical-type management approaches and systems."
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Human Resource Technology, 2002.
Examines the role of the human resource professional in businesses.
14,976 words (approx. 59.9 pages), 26 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the role and the importance of the human resource professional and the evolution of human resource technologies. It discusses the benefits and the difficulties associated with this new technology and recommends a method for its implementation.
Introduction
Evolution of Current HR Technologies
Changing Human Resource Role
The Link to Sharehold Value
Challenges
Cost
Understanding the Technology
Legal
Recommend e-HR Implementation
Voluntary Benefits
Core Benefits
Workforce Management
Portal Strategies
Training
Recruitment
Knowledge Management
Other Future Models
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Change continues to reshape the workplace. Today?s HR professional is called upon to help the organization retain its competitive edge in the marketplace. Along with representing the best interests of employees, HR professionals assume the role of strategic partner, administrative expert, and change agent. HR assumes a critical role in promoting the vision and shaping the focus of the company."
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Strategic Human Resource Management, 2005.
A discussion regarding the history of strategic human resource management and how it has evolved to become the function it is today.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the evolution of strategic human resource management from the beginnings of the industrial revolution to the changes that are taking place within corporations today. The paper further provides evidence of this evolution, and stipulates what the future of strategic human resource management will be according to the research.
From the Paper
"In the history of business, and non-profit organizations the individual worker was not always an integral part of the developing company. However, it became evident that worker's needs had to be addressed in order for business to function successfully. As time elapsed the concept of corresponding the company's growth to the workers developed because the world finally became aware that in order for company's to be successful, employees had to be made a part of the organizational goals. Strategic human resource management became the blanket term that addressed this partnership between business and the worker. The Beginning The evolution of strategic human resource management began with the emergence of personnel management during the rise of the industrial revolution because there was need to manage thousands of workers within single corporations. "
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Human Civilization, 2005.
A discussion of three important developments for human civilization.
778 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
Many developments throughout history have had a great impact on human civilization. Some developments have had a positive effect and some have had negative effects. This essay discusses three developments or revolutions that have positively affected the history of humans: The agriculture revolution, scientific evolution and the evolution of writing. It explains how all have significantly affected human civilization and changed the way humans ate, thought, communicated and lived.
From the Paper
"The Agriculture Revolution, which took place during the Neolithic Age, is a positive development throughout history because it allowed humans to settle down and live a sedentary life. Before agriculture, humans relied on hunting and gathering, or raising animals for their food. Both created a nomadic lifestyle because hunters migrated with the animals and herders would have to move with their animals when grazing was exhausted (Adler 9). The shift to sedentary life was slow but ultimately led to a larger population and human civilization. This change created villages and towns where people lived and worked. The villages and towns, in turn, created culture. These villages allowed specialization of other occupations because it was not necessary for every individual to farm. The textbook says, "Efforts were more productive for the entire community if people specialized" (Adler 9). This revolution also created the idea of privately owned property and systematized regulation. Farmers wanted "permanent possession" of their land and systematized regulation enforced these rights (Adler 9). Another positive effect from the Agriculture Revolution was the growth of public role for women. These dramatic changes in human life were very gradual. Even though it took 200 to 400 years to complete this development, the Agriculture Revolution forever changed human life."
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"Becoming Human".
This paper reviews Jean Vanier's book, "Becoming Human", a guide to understanding the path to becoming a fully realized human being, from the standpoint of the author's personal growth.
1,515 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explains Jean Vanier is well qualified to write a book like "Becoming Human" because he founded l'Arche, an international organization, which helps people with intellectual disabilities and another organization Faith and Light, which helps individuals with disabilities. Vanier's book is based on personal experience rather than solely being based on academic or religious grounds. The author points out that Vanier believes that loneliness be an important impetus that drives people toward change and evolution in their lives. The paper relates that Vanier notes that freedom, which is defined as sublimating personal needs and goals to truth and service to others, and forgiveness, which is defined as breaking free of personal prisons of hatred and resentment, are important in the path to becoming a fulfilled person.
From the Paper
"Personally, "Becoming Human" has a number of specific and meaningful implications. Vanier's discussion of the journey to human maturity is especially personally valuable and insightful. Writes Vanier, becoming fully human means bringing "our heads and our hearts together" (p. 2). For me, this is a useful insight and understanding, as I have always had a tendency to live with my head rather than with my heart. In the past, I have often made decisions that were based on logical conclusions, rather than heeding my intuition, or "heart". Occasionally, I have regretted these decisions, as while they may have led me to what should have been the best solution, I often felt dissatisfied, or that something was missing. Over time, I have come to realize that the best decisions are made with both the head and the heart in mind, an idea that is clearly supported within Vanier's thesis that to become truly human one must integrate the head and the heart."
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