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Housing Finance in a Shifting Market, 2006.
A comparison of the Canadian mortgage industry to that of the mortgage industry in the United States.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 5 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Canadian mortgage industry is one that closely mirrors its US counterpart, albeit on a smaller scale. The paper then explains how these industries also differ in that the risk to a Canadian in a stagnant or even shrinking economy faced by inflation issues is much greater than in the US because of the greater tax burden in the Canadian market. In contrast to Canada, the US mortgage industry and consumers have the benefit of an economy that exhibits greater diversification and a lower overall tax rate that allows its consumers to absorb a greater economic downturn.
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Housing Market Analysis, 2006.
This paper analyzes the nature of home ownership in America, which has drastically changed over the years.
2,086 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the dramatic shift in the U.S. housing market. The writer contends and explains why one's home is no longer viewed as an asset but rather an investment, which can be milked regularly for cash by way of second mortgages and home equity loans. The ease in the availability of money and its comparative cheapness has led to a inflation in real estate prices. This paper examines how the face of home ownership has changed and become a case of renting from lenders as opposed to direct and full fledged ownership. This well-researched paper details the process of home financing, which is handled by the Federal Home Loan Bank System, created by the government in 1932. This paper details the events the pushed the government to create both the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac organizations. This paper explores the manner in which these two leading organizations, in the field of secondary residential mortgage markets, package and sell loans to home owners, much the same way as stocks and bonds are traded on Wall Street. The writer delves into the governmental policies devised to increase home ownership, most of which include using Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
From the Paper
"The weakness comes from the feeling that contingent mortgage obligations are second only to treasury bonds and at the same time are not totally supported by the US government. When the interest rates change, as it happened in 1990s with a dot com share which went beyond all reason, the markets suddenly rose and fell. Then the Federal government team had to cut interest rates very sharply back to get the market thinking logically again. Yet the drop in interest rates makes the investors feel that they have lost money, and at that time they had concentrated on homes and real estate. The government has not been able to control the imagination of the people, and the next dream has been on its way. This is reflected in the statement of Chairman Greenspan to Congress in the last two years to control Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac better."
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Night Shift & Rotating Shift Nursing, 1999.
Effects on nurses' physiology, psychology and performance. Looks at the phenomenon of substance abuse amongst nurses.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"EFFECTS OF NIGHT SHIFT WORK ON NURSES AND NURSING PERFORMANCE
Introduction
This research examines the effects of night shift work on nurses and nursing performance. The findings of this examination are presented in discussions of the biological effects of shift work on nurses, the effects of night shift work on nursing performance, the relationship between shift work and substance abuse by nurses, and the implications for the profession of nursing of the effects of shift work on nurses and nursing performance.
Biological Effects
In the overall American work force, 15.9 percent of workers are assigned to shift work. Within the context of shift work, 6.3 percent of all American workers work evening shifts, 4.3.."
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Corporate Finance, 2007.
A discussion on corporate finance, focusing on efficient market behavior and behavioral finance studies.
1,606 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper examines corporate finance, focusing on the efficient market hypothesis. The paper further examines the behavioural finance school of thought, which argues that any investment decision is a gamble when investors are not fully aware of the future results of their actions. The paper discusses how, due to human psychology, investors often act irrationally, thereby decreasing the market transparency and predictability, together with decreasing market efficiency. The paper concludes that this increases the importance of recent behavioral finance studies, as capital markets are driven by purely human behavior and thus are subject to huge risks.
Outline:
Introduction
Behavioural Finance Approach to Market Efficiency Theory
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Fridson in his work argues that all the investors have their sentiments, or biases when considering risk and making investment decisions. Thus, the risk premium on any asset is the summary of fundamental premium set by efficient investors and of sentiment premium or the investors judgements errors. Also, there are asset prices bubble theories which also prove that in some points of time investors do behave irrationally and overestimate or underestimate factual fundamentals which leads to none fundamental increases in some asset prices followed by further price crash."
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Housing Bubble, 2008.
This paper focuses on the understanding of the housing market, discussing the price of housing and sudden changes in the prices - so as to explore the sustainability of the argument that there exists a housing bubble that is about to burst.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer outlines how demand and supply analysis can be used to analyze the housing market, especially in wake of the fact that there is now increased speculation of a housing crash as prices begin to depreciate rapidly within the housing market. With these current changes on the market, the writer notes that it becomes somewhat useful to analyze whether the housing bubble is about to burst, or if other markets are affecting the activities within the housing spectrum. The writer argues that the housing bubble is not going to burst since there is no bubble - and changes in the housing prices are due to changes in market demand and supply conditions.
Outline:
Statement of Problem - Thesis Statement
Introduction
What Has Been Causing The Price of Housing to Appreciate and Depreciate So Rapidly? - An Economic Perspective
Housing Price Appreciation - A Bubble or Changes in Market Conditions?
A Brief Look at the US Housing Policy and Market
Conclusion
From the Paper
" With the demand and supply for housing analyzed, then the concept of the equilibrium within the housing market can be examined. It is clear that changes within the economy will affect the price of housing; each of the relevant changes will be analyzed below, so as to test the thesis statement presented. The changes in supply and demand are causing housing prices to increase, even though the change in quantity is unsure. During the historical period analyzed, factors that caused supply and demand to change based on figure 1 and figure 2 were associated with the appreciation of housing prices. Hence the appreciation was due more so to market conditions rather than a bubble due to speculation. A thorough examination of the processes that affect supply and demand is presented in the section below."
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Social Housing, 2004.
Compares social housing in the U.K. to the rest of Europe, using the Netherlands as an example.
4,613 words (approx. 18.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
The United Kingdom and the Netherlands have made commendable contributions to social housing over the past century. The successful collaboration of nonprofit builders has resulted in low-cost and efficient social housing in these countries. This paper shows that perhaps the most notable achievement is that housing at affordable prices is easily available to people who need it and, more importantly, at the time they need housing. Many other developed countries, including the Unites States, are struggling to provide acceptable levels of social housing and trying to copy the successful community housing models of European countries.
Paper Outline
Social Housing in Europe
Social Housing in Britain
Housing Associations in Britain
Social Housing in the Netherlands
Housing Associations in the Netherlands
Private Rented Housing
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In many European cities, low-cost housing is taken for granted; for instance in Tillburg in the Netherlands with a population of 165,000, a single association owns as much as 51 percent of the housing. Rentals charges by this association is only half or maximum two-thirds of market rates. Even in London, one of the high cost cities in the world, housing project developers are required to have 25 to 35 percent of the newly built units in the affordable category. (Johnson, Building a Better City: Europe?s Affordable Housing Standard). A unique feature in these countries is the successful integration of ?affordable? housing with ?market-rate? housing in the same location, which means that people with high and low incomes live together and there is no social stigma attached to such practice."
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Chicano Community Housing Crisis, 2007.
This paper discusses the Chicano housing crisis plaguing U.S. communities.
1,964 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that as one begins to examine the issues facing Chicano communities, the importance of housing issues and a sense of community cannot be ignored. The writer points out that the problem of inadequate housing for low-income families is a wide-spread problem. Communities in Southern California are particularly susceptible due to the high Chicano population. The writer notes that the crisis is different depending on the community. However, the writer maintains that one thing is certain, a greater effort needs to be undertaken if this issues is to be solved for now and for the future. After reviewing different articles relating to the housing crisis, this paper addresses several facets of the housing issue in the U.S. Summaries of the articles discussed are included at the beginning of the paper.
Outline:
Part I: Article Summary
Article 1: Supporting the Latino Community
Article 2: Street Dreams Are made of These
Article 3: SHA Battles to Save County Affordable Housing Program
Article 4: Withering Heights
Article 5: Time to Remove the Rose Colored Glasses
Part II: Analysis of the Housing Issue
The Crisis of Affordable Housing
Federal Housing Programs and Policies
Local Government Affordable Housing Programs
From the Paper
"As one found in the articles, there are several key issues facing Chicano communities. The high number of homeless school children, only tells part of the story. The number of homeless in Chicano communities is on the rise. The costs of housing have risen disproportionate to the rises in income. This means that even those that could afford housing before now face eviction and potential homelessness. This creates a rise in the number of working poor. As we found in the articles, there is an insufficient number of housing units available to medium and low income families. This number is decreasing instead of increasing, despite new government programs to provide more."
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Housing For The Poor, 1987.
Discusses the effects of slum housing on residents, housing project failures, homeless, public policy, poverty cycle, crime & drugs, displacement, family disintegration and possible solutions.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
" This study will investigate housing for the poor. Specifically, the areas to be covered will include the effects of slum housing on the residents, poor health, stress, child-rearing problems, and the poverty cycle in general as it relates to housing for the poor. The study will also deal with possible solutions to these problems.
Martin Mayer, in The Builders, argues that the origins of slum housing in the United States are related to the failure of residents on a massive scale to keep houses attractive "for subsequent purchasers and the (failure) to maintain the apartment house for new tenants . . . " (Mayer 8). When these systems of maintenance fail, then, "usually because the income levels of the newcomers were insufficient to maintain the property, . . . we get the modern slum, an underpopulated wasteland rather than the(...)"
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Mexican-American Affordable Housing, 2007.
This paper discusses the current crisis of affordable housing in the US, with a focus on the Mexican-American community.
2,579 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the reasons for the current crisis in the US of affordable housing and discusses available federal and local assistance programs. The paper explores how these programs relate to the Chicano, Mexican-American population. The paper examines racial discrimination in the housing market and looks at differences in characteristics of renters and home owners. The paper highlights how the discrimination and bias within the housing market and the lack of affordable housing is a severe problem for the Chicano population and maintains that the United States must provide equal opportunities for affordable housing.
Outline:
Introduction
Crisis of Affordable Housing in U.S. Cities
Major Federal Housing Programs and Policies
Local Government Affordable Housing Programs
Impact of Racism on Housing Accessibility
Incentives for Owners to Provide Low Income Assistance
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the United States, there is a current crisis of housing for many different ethnic groups. Racial discrimination, homelessness, mental illness, substance abuse, poverty, and a lack of affordable housing makes obtaining a place of residence difficult for millions of Americans. Additionally, discrimination in banking procedures, real estate agencies, and housing prices makes home ownership a near impossibility. While both federal and local assistance is available, such programs often are difficult to obtain, and can be difficult to qualify for."
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Campaign Finance Laws, 2007.
A comparison of the campaign finance laws of Montana and Florida with particular emphasis on the laws regulating campaign finance issues.
1,092 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the campaign finance laws of Montana and Florida, in an attempt to understand the primary differences between the legislative measures of the two states. Additionally, the paper discusses which campaign finance laws appear to be the fairest and most successful laws, in terms of their ability to control and regulate campaign finance issues.
From the Paper
"In comparison to Montana, however, Florida only allows all others in the community a $500 contribution. Children under the age of 18 are not allowed to exceed a $100 contribution, and no candidate can accept contributions from national, state, or county political party executive committee whose aggregate exceeds $50,000. There are still other limitations, such as limits on contributions from investment and law firms, and businesses (FL, 3).
"Furthermore, Florida limits the contributions from certain institutions of higher learning. According to the law, any educational institution wishing to contribute must first obtain a majority vote from the governing board of the institution. Without such a majority vote, the educational institution cannot contribute, either through monetary or through any indirect support (FL, 3)."
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Campaign Finance Reform, 2006.
A look at the debate over campaign finance reform and some of the attempts to change current campaign finance law.
854 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ongoing debate over campaign finance reform, explaining the major issues associated with the reform and some of the reasons for the disagreement about how campaign finance should be implemented. In particular, the paper focuses on the McCain-Feingold bill, detailing what it would change about campaign finance and why there is still opposition to the bill even though it is bipartisan.
From the Paper
"Campaign finance reform has been debated since Richard Nixon ran for the Vice Presidency under Eisenhower. In the wake of the Watergate fiasco, some meaningful reforms were made. However, there have been no major changes to campaign finance laws since that time. The time is ripe for change, but what kind of changes do we want? Do we want changes that make a joke of our constitution or do we want changes within the boundaries of the constitution? The major issue is soft money "was originally intended to go to party-building activities and get-out-the-vote drives but which increasingly has been used as a way to funnel large contributions to presidential and other candidates." (Hamburger, Tom "Campaign-finance debate jumps to center stage // There is widespread agreement that federal election rules need repairing. But there is no consensus on how, and there is lots of opposition to the lead." Minneapolis Star Tribune, 09-28-1997, pp 21A). However, the McCain-Feingold bill, the one most advocates support, would also limit advertising. The problem with that is any changes that try and skirt around the constitution, by limiting free speech, will most likely be thrown out by the Supreme Court. Until recently most congressmen did not look at finance reform seriously."
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Housing Policy in Hong Kong from the 1940s to the 1960s, 2008.
A look at the housing policy in Hong Kong between 1940 to 1960.
2,115 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the housing policy in colonial Hong Kong from the 1940s to the 1960s, and notes that these decades were characterized by a radical transformation in the role of the state in the colony's housing markets, moving from a laissez-faire model to a highly interventionist approach. The author argues that while the increasingly interventionist housing policies of Hong Kong's colonial government over this period were flawed in many respects, the policies serve as an example of how housing policy can serve to successfully support economic growth and industrialization in developing world contexts.
Outline:
Introduction
The Challenges of the Hong Kong Setting
The Significance of Colonial Hong Kong's Housing Policy
Hong Kong Colonial Housing Policy: The Critical Juncture
1953: A Watershed in Housing Development
Implications of Hong Kong's Public Housing Policy
From the Paper
"The topic of housing policy in colonial Hong Kong has been the focus of considerable study by scholars from around the world. This is due, in large part, to the fact that Hong Kong represents an ideal social laboratory within which the complexities of housing policy implementation in a development context can be closely examined. Its narrow geographic area, well-understood variables, together with the existence of accurate and generally accurate state documentation, has allowed scholars to analyze in depth housing policy in the colony, and extrapolate learnings with respect to other contexts in Asia and the developing world. From this perspective, this essay will examine housing policy in Hong Kong from the 1940s to the 1960s, as these decades were characterized by a radical transformation in the role of the state in the colony's housing markets, moving from a laissez-faire model to a highly interventionist approach. As will be argued, while the increasingly interventionist housing policies of Hong Kong's colonial government over this period were flawed in many respects, the policies serve as example of how housing policy can serve to successfully support economic growth and industrialization in developing world contexts."
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Housing Connections, 2005.
An overview of issues concerning social housing in Toronto, Ontario.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine some of the general policies and history of Housing Connections, a social housing provider in Toronto, Ontario. Those policies are referenced to some of the more basic changes made under the Social Housing Reform Act (2000) before being compared to the policies of another Toronto-based social housing provider, Toronto Community Housing. The end goal is to provide readers with a basic understanding of the role and function of social housing providers within the Toronto area. Specifically, the benefits and limitations of Housing Connections are expanded upon.
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State and Local Campaign Finance Reform in California, 2002.
This paper discusses the history of campaign finance reform in California and some of the laws enacted relating to campaign finance reform.
2,712 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the laws passed in California regarding campaign finance reform, the intended purpose of those laws and the results they have had on campaign finance.
From the Paper
"The current campaign finance system at the federal, state and local level undermines our democracy. Every day brings new revelations about wealthy contributors buying political access and favors. Voters are frustrated with a system in which their voices are drowned out by special interests. The governments of the United States - whether Washington, Sacramento at the state or, local city hall - must be accountable to the people as a whole."
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Affordable Housing, 2007.
This paper explores the issue of affordable housing and the use of exclusionary and inclusionary zoning.
5,150 words (approx. 20.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 128.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the lack of affordable housing in the United States is a severe and growing crisis with no solution in sight. The paper determines the legal bounds of the zoning power given to governments and municipalities and provides an explanation of the law behind exclusionary and inclusionary practices. The paper examines the legal issues raised by these zoning ordinances. The paper also discusses the state of the current law as it applies to affordable housing and concludes with a discussion regarding the social and economic impacts raised by exclusionary and inclusionary zoning.
Outline:
Introduction
History of "Affordable Housing"
Background of Zoning Laws and Zoning Power
Exclusionary Housing
Inclusionary Housing
Legal Issues Raised by Zoning
Economic and Social Implications of Exclusionary and Inclusionary Housing
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the past few decades, the lack of affordable housing in the United States has emerged as a crisis effecting low-income residents, government agencies and municipalities, and real estate developers alike. The lack of available affordable housing has increased in the past few years, as a result of zoning ordinances and governmental zoning powers that are supported and upheld by the courts. While there are no immediate solutions to this problem, a number of legal scholars have examined the relevant cases and have written extensively on the subject."
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