| Papers [1-12] of 12 | Search results on "HOMOCYSTEINE ATHEROSCLEROSIS": |
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Homocysteine and Atherosclerosis, 2004.
An analysis of the relationship between homocysteine levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease.
8,075 words (approx. 32.3 pages), 38 sources, MLA, $ 173.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis, is a serious public health problem responsible for vast numbers of hospitalizations and deaths each year and how the costs of treatments, including drugs and procedures, is exponential. It examines how, in order to develop effective treatments and prevention strategies, potential causes of atherosclerosis must be addressed. Homocysteine is an amino acid found in the blood in different concentrations. It explores how research evidence has shown considerable correlations between elevated homocysteine levels and an increased risk of atherosclerosis. It aims to thoroughly examine the role that homocysteine plays in atherosclerosis and the extent to which certain biological and lifestyle factors, such as vitamin status and diet, affect levels of homocysteine and the presence and progression of atherosclerosis.
Outline
Evidence of the Relationship Between Homocysteine and Atherosclerosis
The Effects of Diet and Vitamin Supplementation on Homocysteine Levels
Genetic Variation and Homocysteine
Implications for Intervention
From the Paper
"Suliman et al. (2003) reported that in studies of patients with end-stage renal disease that had very high levels of homocysteine (greater than 90%), total homocysteine levels were strongly associated to serum albumin levels. Also, patients with malnutrition had lower levels of total homocysteine and serum albumin than people with normal nutritional status. In addition, inflammation, diabetes and cardiovascular disease were all found to be associated with hypoalbuminia, and therefore, with lower levels of hyperhomocysteinemia. Furthermore, these researchers demonstrated with different groups of patients with end-stage renal disease, which should be noted, have inherently higher levels of homocysteine, that increased total homocysteine levels are associated with lower cardiovascular disease mortality."
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Atherosclerosis: The Disease, 2003.
A description of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
1,926 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 31 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how atherosclerosis is a disease of the arteries that causes it to 'harden' and affects both medium and large arteries. It looks at how it is the principal cause of heart attacks and strokes and how it is responsible for over 50% of all deaths in the western world.
Outline
Introduction
Risk Factors of Atherosclerosis
Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis
Proliferation of Smooth Muscle Cells
Recruitment of Immune Cells to the Vessel Wall
Adhesion Molecules
Oxidised LDL (oxLDL)
Role of Monocytes/Macrophages
Role of Cytokines, Chemokines and Growth Factors
Foam Cell Formation
Lesions of Atherosclerosis
From the Paper
"There are several factors that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis but the prominent risk factor is considered to be hypercholesterolaemia that could be due to genetic defects and/or diet. In relation to the former, it has seen that mutations in the ABCA1 gene are responsible for two genetic disorders, tangier disease and familial hypoalphalipoproteinaemia (FHA) (Medh, 2000). Tangier disease causes cholesterol deposition in macrophages throughout the body due to impairment of cellular efflux and the absence of HDL (Asztalos and Schaefer, 2003). FHA results in decreased cellular cholesterol efflux and degradation of HDL (Brooks-Wilson et al. 1999). Another genetic disorder familial hypercholesterolaemia is a condition that leads to high lipid levels in the plasma due to impaired removal of lipids."
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Atherosclerosis, 2005.
The paper discusses the phenomenon of atherosclerosis and its relation to coronary heart disease.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 24 sources, $ 124.95
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Abstract
The paper devotes a comprehensive discussion to the pathogenesis of disease on a cellular level, which maps out the rationale for dietary and pharmacological management of the disease. In this paper, emphasis is placed on risk assessment, setting of treatment goals based on this assessment, nutritional medical therapy and follow-ups.
From the Paper
"Atherosclerosis is derived from two Greek words athere (gruel) and sclerosis (adhere). It is the thickening of the inner arterial wall, or intima as a result of lipid accumulation. Coronary heart disease is a direct result of the atherosclerosis of segments of the coronary arteries and can affect any arterial supply in the body, particularly the carotid bifurcation, internal carotid artery and its branches, the proximal renal arteries. Historical information before rudimentary understanding of human physiology is scant. One record pertaining to the cause of Herod's death in BC 4 has been a debatable historical issue."
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Insulin and Atherosclerosis, 1999.
Examines use of the drug as a risk factor for disease.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 13 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this research is to examine insulin as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. The plan of the research will be to set forth the connection that has been identified between insufficient insulin usage by the body system and cardiovascular disease, and then to discuss ways in which insulin has been identified in various research studies as a risk factor for atherosclerosis in particular.
From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine insulin as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. The plan of the research will be to set forth the connection that has been identified between insufficient insulin usage by the body system and cardiovascular disease, and then to discuss ways in which insulin has been identified in various research studies as a risk factor for atherosclerosis in particular. Unfortunately, despite the relative familiarity of insulin to professional clinical research, its function and role in the problems associated with atherosclerosis is imperfectly understood.
To say that insulin is a risk factor for atherosclerosis is somewhat misleading for the reason that it is a risk factor by negative inference. That is, atherosclerosis appears to be a consequence of what insulin does not do--or what it does badly ..."
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Cholesterol, 1997.
Definition, health significance, types, screening, effect on atherosclerosis, diet, treatment, role of age and human & animal studies.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 18 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"The Cholesterol Controversy: Who should be screened, and who should be treated? Atherosclerosis nutritionally is it just a cholesterol problem?"
Introduction
Public Health & Statistics
Cholesterol is a public health concern. Since 1968 there has been a decline of about three percent per year in mortality rates for coronary heart disease (CHD), however, it still remains the major cause of death in the United States. The Adult Treatment Panel II of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) recognizes elevated serum total cholesterol levels, particularly with high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as.."
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"Candide" ( Voltaire ), "Don Quixote" ( Cervantes ) and "Hamlet" ( Shakespeare ), 1999.
Examines the protagonists as men whose suffering is caused by their child-like views of life and human nature.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this research is to examine insulin as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. The plan of the research will be to set forth the connection that has been identified between insufficient insulin usage by the body system and cardiovascular disease, and then to discuss ways in which insulin has been identified in various research studies as a risk factor for atherosclerosis in particular.
From the Paper
The purpose of this research is to examine insulin as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. The plan of the research will be to set forth the connection that has been identified between insufficient insulin usage by the body system and cardiovascular disease, and then to discuss ways in which insulin has been identified in various research studies as a risk factor for atherosclerosis in particular.As long as an individual lives in ignorance of the past, he will see every experience as utterly new and will deal with that experience in the same way as a child who lives with no storehouse of knowledge or wisdom which would allow him to avoid past mistakes.
The message of Voltaire's Candide is that the world in which we live is populated with people who live primarily in order to get what they want, using whatever means necessary, and always looking for innocent victims of whom they can take advantage."
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C-Reactive Protein, 2008.
This paper provides a critique of the article 'Effects of Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Agents on C-Reactive Protein' by P. Dandona.
1,314 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer notes that Dandona's article entitled 'Effects of Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Agents on C-Reactive Protein', centers on type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The writer discusses that insulin resistance in type 2 DM predisposes patients to develop cardiovascular disease, and has the associated risk factors for atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries. The writer notes that higher CRP concentrations are found in patients with type 2 DM and Dandona theorizes that reducing these concentrations could have clinical benefit. As glucose and lipid levels are also often elevated in type 2 DM patients, an agent that affects all three of these would be beneficial to patients. The writer maintains that Dandona's article is a retrospective exploration of literature on antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic agents which reduce these factors.
Outline:
Abstract
From the Paper
"The complex metabolic disorder that is type 2 DM is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. In addition, due to the patient's insulin resistance, due to impaired insulation secretion and/or insulin action, there is also disturbances in lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. This predisposes the patient to the development of cardiovascular disease, due to the proinflammatory and hypercoagulable state. As Dandona notes, an elevated CRP concentration is a predictor of cardiovascular events, in fact, it is a far better indicator than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) even amongst healthy people. Although previous research indicates that CRP does not initiate atherosclerosis, but instead progresses the disease, the fact that CRP inhibits nitric oxide production suggests that it also has a role in the initiation of atherosclerosis as well."
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Chronic Renal Failure, 2006.
This paper discusses chronic renal failure, also called chronic kidney failure, which is a serious disease that can be fatal if not treated.
1,690 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the beginning of chronic renal failure, there are virtually no symptoms; however, the progression of the disease can cause an increase in blood pressure, an accumulation of potassium in the blood, an accumulation of urea, anemia, fatigue, an overload of fluid volume, cardiac arrhythmia and vascular calcification. The author points out that, at end-stage of renal disease, renal replacement therapy, such as kidney dialysis and even kidney transplant, is required to keep the patient alive. The paper relates that patients with chronic renal failure also have a high incidence of atherosclerosis, which usually accelerates at a faster rate, and of cardiovascular disease, which has a prognosis that is not as good as someone without chronic renal failure.
From the Paper
"Sometimes, the levels of serum creatinine have not been measured in the past, and therefore the patient is often first treated as having acute renal failure. Only when blood tests continue to show elevated serum creatinine levels and it is determined that the renal failure is irreversible will the diagnosis be made as chronic renal failure as opposed to the previously assumed acute renal failure. A numerous amount of uremic toxins also accumulate in individuals that have chronic renal failure and are involved in the treatment of standard dialysis."
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Molecular Cell Biology, 2005.
This paper discusses the cholesterol transport from arterial walls to the liver.
9,000 words (approx. 36.0 pages), 29 sources, MLA, $ 319.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the molecular biology of the cholesterol transport from arterial walls to the liver for biliary excretion. The paper looks at all the genes and their agonists and antagonists involved - LXR, PPAR, ABCA1, apoE, oxysterols, cholesterol metabolites etc. The writer then discusses how they all work together to transport cholesterol from the arterial walls in order to minimize atherosclerosis.
From the Paper
"Atherosclerosis is a form of arteriosclerosis in which plaque builds up in the inner linings of the arteries. Plaque consists of a combination of fatty substances, cholesterol waste products from cells fibrin and calcium and usually develops in medium and large arteries, thickening their walls and causing them to lose elasticity and so become less resilient. Atheromatous plaques build up in vessel walls and in advanced stages reduce or restrict blood flow through the vessel lumen. The inner covering of the atheroma may ... "
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Antioxidants and Heart Disease, 1999.
Examines the effects of antioxidants on mortality rates from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 4 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
Dietary antioxidant vitamins and death from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women" by Kushi, Folsom, Prineas, Mink, Wu, and Bostick (1996) reports that evidence supports the conclusion that the oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) might be important in the development of atherosclerosis and studies indicate that antioxidants may have a role in preventing the development of coronary heart disease. This study provided the opportunity to examine effects of dietary antioxidants related to mortality from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women.
From the Paper
"ANTIOXIDANTS & HEART DISEASE
Introduction
"Dietary antioxidant vitamins and death from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women" by Kushi, Folsom, Prineas, Mink, Wu, and Bostick (1996) reports that evidence supports the conclusion that the oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) might be important in the development of atherosclerosis and studies indicate that antioxidants may have a role in preventing the development of coronary heart disease. This study provided the opportunity to examine effects of dietary antioxidants related to mortality from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women.
Oxidized LDL has been found to be present in atherosclerotic plaques and the oxidation of LDL seems to enhance the uptake of ..."
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Peripheral Arterial Disease, 2002.
A discussion on peripheral arterial disease, also known as PAD, a chronic condition in which arteries that supply blood to the legs become blocked by a buildup of plaque.
3,242 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of PAD, a form of atherosclerosis, a progressive disease characterized by fatty deposits in the inner layer of the arteries, which gradually narrows the artery. The writer particularly focus on 'Raynaud?s' one of the forms of PAD which causes fingers and toes to turn blue and white with cold .
From the Paper
\"It?s important to remember that many people have PAD without having any symptoms. Such individuals are at higher risk for a stroke or heart attack. Research indicates that the risk for dying from heart disease is six times higher for people who have PAD, and PAD patients have a 30 percent risk of dying from a cardiovascular-related problem within five years after the initial diagnosis of PAD (University of Penn Health System). It is essential that anyone who has health problems or a lifestyle that could lead to PAD be aware of the symptoms of this potentially life-threatening disease, as see a doctor for any problems. Peripheral arterial disease can be controlled in most cases. People only need to be aware of the signs.\"
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Lipids in Living Systems, 2002.
A look into the functioning of lipids in human systems.
2,640 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at lipids and other fats of the body. The author discusses their composition and functions.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Triglycerides
3. Tables and Pictures
4. Waxes
5. Steroids
6. Cholesterol
7. Phospholipids
8. Glycolipids
9. Sphingolipids
10. Consumption of Lipids
11. Storage of Lipids
12. Lipid Oxidation
13. Lipid Bilayer
14. Atherosclerosis
15. Gallstones
16. Artheriosclerosis
17. Coronary Heart Disease
18. Conclusion
From the paper:
"Lipids are hydrocarbons that are found in living systems in the environment. The main classes of lipids are triglycerides, waxes, steroids, phospholipids, gylcolipids, and sphingolipids (Glanze). The simplest lipid, which makes up the backbone of all of these, is the fatty acid (see page 2). The main characteristics that separate the different kinds of lipids are the derivatives, such as acids, alcohols, amines, amino alcohols, and aldehydes, found on the end of the hydrocarbons and their solubility in water. Most lipids are non polar and there for are not soluble in water but instead in fat solvents such as ether, chloroform, and benzene. From these two basic distinctions, there are dozens of possible lipids that can be formed in nature and synthetically (Cooper)."
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