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The Holocaust's Criminals, 2008.
An examination of the motivations behind the soldiers and other German officials who participated in the methodical extermination of approximately six million of Europe's Jews.
3,073 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper considers the question of how so many otherwise ordinary, moral German citizens could; first, so broadly adopt the practice of violence; and second, could relish so fully in its practice. The paper notes that this question is one of the primary questions historians and humans in general have been forced to grapple with in light of one of the most horrific chapters in world history--the Jewish Holocaust. The paper further relates that it remains undeniable that something or someone drove these individuals to inflict pain and death of such massive proportions. The paper then goes on to discuss some of the explanations that are given in attempts to identify more general patterns, and more conclusive answers to the social and psychological phenomena responsible for human acts of malice.
From the Paper
"Another explanation that relies upon the notion of mandatory conformity is connected strongly with the mob mentality and the following of orders. Writers like Christopher R. Browning point to instances in which groups of Nazi officers initially felt ill-suited to the acts of violence they were ordered to commit, but eventually became quite accustomed to them. "Once entangled, people encounter a series of 'blinding factors' or 'cementing mechanisms' that make disobedience or refusal even more difficult." This approach takes into account the joy expressed by many Nazi executioners by attributing it to peer pressures, pressures from above, and routine exposure to bloodshed. Still, it seems difficult to argue that the majority of the Nazi's who perpetrated the Holocaust were simply "going with the flow," and had no ideological or moral association with the actions they took. This would be to deny that the forces that brought the Nazi's to power had any association with romantic visions of Germany's future--that deeply rooted emotional ties supported the Nazi's racial cause and dream."
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Pre-Holocaust and Post-Holocaust Jewish Literature, 2004.
Looks at how the Holocaust has affected Jewish literature by comparing short stories about similar subjects.
2,053 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the content and tone of two short stories, "If Not Higher" by I.L. Peretz and ""The Kozshenitser Rebe" by Binyamin Orenshtayn, in an effort to determine if the authors were affected by the Holocaust and the great wars that took place between the time the two stories were written. The paper concludes that the authors were indeed affected by these events, as was Jewish literature in general, and, by comparing the literature, we can see a shift from a religious and faith centered approach to life to a socially motivated and political approach to life.
From the Paper
"The Yiddish short story "If Not Higher" by I.L. Peretz was published in Warsaw in 1900, decades before the holocaust. Fifty years later, the short supposedly true story of "The Kozshenitser Rebe" was published in Yiddish by Orenshtayn in a book of memorials to Jewish leaders. Both stories tell of the behavior of a specific (assumably Hassidic) rebe on an important Jewish holiday. However, apart from this basic similarity, these two stories are radically different. This may be partly a function of having different authors and of coming from different historical areas. However, if the differences between style and content with these two works is indicative not of the personal styles of the authors, then one is left with another option: namely that the striking differences between these two works is a result of the holocaust and the slaughter of the Jewry of Eastern European. If these two works are representative of the short story genre before and after the holocaust, then it appears that this traumatic event may have drastically changed the way that Eastern European Jews view themselves and their culture."
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Romanies: True Victims of the Holocaust, 2005.
The Romani involvement in the Holocaust is discussed along with their pre-war and post war treatment. Arguments are reviewed regarding their status as true victims of the Holocaust.
5,161 words (approx. 20.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 129.95
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Abstract
A thorough research paper that discusses the treatment of the Roma (Gypsies) during the Holocaust, and the controversy that surrounds the way they are remembered in the Holocaust. The paper details the Nazi logic leading to the Holocaust, the targets of the Holocaust and the arguments of the debate on whether or not Romanies should be considered true victims of the Holocaust.
Paper Outline:
Background
Leading up to the Holocaust
Nazi Logic
Targets of the Holocaust
The Holocaust
Treatment of Jews and Roma during the Holocaust
Post World War Two Treatment
Roma Minimization in the Holocaust
Holocaust Controversy
From the Paper
"Proponents of Roma exclusion as victims of the Holocaust point to the overall death rates as proof that the Roma were not targeted for total annihilation. Research by Brenda and James Lutz offers an explanation for the discrepancy in the number of deaths. They attribute the difference in death counts to location. Their research has found that in areas under direct Nazi control, Gypsies and Jews were eliminated in equal proportions. The difference in death counts are found in areas that were not under direct occupation by the Nazis. Fortunately for the Roma, the majority lived in such places were the government refused to cooperate in the Nazis plane to eliminate the Gypsies and Jews."
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"American Holocaust", 2002.
A review of the book "American Holocaust American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World" by historian David Stannard.
1,168 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how David Stannard, in his book "American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World" describes the European settlement in America as the most massive act of genocide in the history of the world, focusing on how the native Indian population were all but wiped out by white settlement. It evaluates how the author's thesis is that the perpetrators of the American holocaust based their actions on the same Christian ideology as those of the Nazi holocaust. It looks at how Stannard uses a variety of historical evidence to argue his thesis including newspapers, Congressional records and the journal entries of European settlers. It also analyzes how the author makes a strong argument for his case and how he makes a distinct the bias against the white settlers, with their actions seeming to be emphasized more than is necessary and them being presented as racist.
From the Paper
"While the research is thorough, it does appear that Stannard is biased towards presenting the Indian population as better than the white people. In the first part of the book, Stannard describes the rich culture and the attitude of the native Indians. Stannard argues that they are a kind and generous people. This includes the argument that the Indian population were probably open to working with the white people, but were not given the opportunity. Stannard provides anecdotes to make this point. This includes stories such as one where a tribe low on food met another tribe without food. The first tribe shared their goods with the second tribe. By using such anecdotes, the author suggests that the Indians are the better people. This anecdote also compares the Indians with the white settlers. The Indians were able to accept another tribe as their own people, while the Americans were biased against those with differences. This is a common argument the author makes, often referring to the white settlers as racist."
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Holocaust Denial, 2002.
An argument against Holocaust denial.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
This thesis argues that Holocaust denial is simply the craving for another Holocaust. It is a craving that basically pursues its objective via different tactics. The author feels that by erasing memory and employing moral relativism, combined with the same anti-Semitic caricatures that led to the Holocaust, holocaust denial institutes a certain social and political mind-set which, in turn, can facilitate the possibility of yet another Holocaust. In order to understand what Holocaust denial is about, it is mandatory to understand what the Holocaust was and why it came about. This essay examines both the Holocaust and the phenomenon of subsequent efforts to deny its historical reality.
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The Holocaust and How it Affected its Victims, 2001.
A persuasive paper about the existence of the Holocaust and an interpretation of it. This paper will take you through documented accounts of Holocaust victims' families.
1,770 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, $ 57.95
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Abstract
A narrative piece about the Holocaust and whether it existed. The author attacks those who deny the occurrence of the Holocaust and provides various documented accounts of those who survived it. The paper includes an interpretation of the effects of the Holocaust on both the living and the dead and the importance of Holocaust education for the future.
From the Paper
"There is no question in my mind that there were mass killings of the Jews during World War II and like every great tragedy, there are people who feel it never happened. I wholeheartedly disagree with these people, whether they are against the Holocaust "theory" or are just plain prejudiced towards Jews. There were murders by the millions, and the Jewish victims of the Holocaust were affected by it, both directly and indirectly, as were their family members and friends who may have been thousands of miles away. Even today, people in the world are still affected by the extermination of millions of lives in Eastern Europe in the same respect there are still many people, even entire institutions, who seek to discredit the veracity of the Holocaust, going as far to claim that none of the horrific events ever occurred. (See Adelaide). I will prove that the Holocaust affected many lives, both in living and in death, and that it did indeed happen, through relating factual and opinionated accounts of victims and witnesses, and explaining why what happened to the Jewish population of the Holocaust."
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Polish Holocaust Literature, 2005.
This paper analyzes Polish-centered Holocaust literature and films and compares them to similar Holocaust literature from other countries.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in analyzing Polish-centered Holocaust literature and films, it becomes clear that certain themes are recurrent: Imagination vs. reality, exposure vs. nakedness, the inversion of Biblical meaning and of human order in general, pre-destined catastrophe and the appropriateness of humor. The author states that the Polish-centered themes are more vivid and their representation more graphically intense than the general writing about the Holocaust because of the concentration of death camps and the density of its tragedy; Poland is often perceived as the "ground zero" and the pivotal point by which Holocaust writers come to grips with the slaughter of the Jews and others. The paper analyzes many examples of Polish Holocaust literature: Alfred Andersch' "Efraim's Book", Arnold Wesker's " Sophie's Choice", Pierre Gascar's "Seasons of the Dead", Claude Lanzmann's film/ quasi-documentary "Shoah", Aaron Appelfeld's novella "Badenheim 1939", K. Tsetnik's "Salamandra", Henri Raczymow's "Un Cris sans Voix", Emanuel Ringelbaum's "Notes from the Warsaw Ghetto" and the Academy Award winning movie "Life is Beautiful".
From the Paper
"In Shoah literature, certain questions present themselves again and again: Do these themes - which often reflect a universal character of sort - diminish the particular suffering and injustice of the event? Can any writing truly capture the enormous moral crimes of the Holocaust? Sparking a hotly-discussed debate, Theodor Adorno wrote that poetic treatments of the Shoah were a form of "barbarism." In light of this criticism, it has often been asked by both writers and critics alike, what justification does a writer have for treating the subject matter at all? This charge has seldom been directed at any other subject of fiction, but it might be argued that such outrageous criticism is simply evidence of the subject's moral and tragic dimensions."
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Yaffa Eliach's "Hasidic Tales of the Holocaust", 2004.
This paper examines three excerpts from the "Hasidic Tales of the Holocaust" by Yaffa Eliach to determine the impact of the Holocaust on the spiritual survival and modern consciousness of the Jewish people.
2,490 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that addressing the events of the Holocaust from both an imaginative and realistic perspective allows for a better understanding of the experience from the people who were most affected: The six million Jews who were murdered, the survivors and the legacy of the Jewish heritage in the State of Israel. The author points out that the religious legacy of devotion to God and the sacrifices of the Jewish people, from a time-oriented, linear perspective, are described by Yaffa Eliach in the chapter, "Who Will Win This War?" in which she narrates the sufferings of Jewish prisoners doomed to Nazi labor battalions in Poland. The paper relates that the value of a religious education for the devout Jews at Bergen Belsen is reflected in the chapter, "What I Learned at My Father's Home," in which the author describes the sacrifices of one mother in an attempt to educate her children in Jewish law and tradition, even under these deprived circumstances.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Time Orientation of Narratives
Concepts and Treatment of Death
The Value of a Religious Education for the Devout Jews at Bergen Belsen
Primo Levi's Reaction to the Concept of Time during the Holocaust
The Survival of Primo Levi in Auschwitz
A Blessing on the Moon
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When the group of Jews refused the commandant's alternative of breaking their observance of Yom Kippur by repeatedly sliding down the mountain on the stomachs, the scene was described as, "At midnight, as the rains abated, the performance was stopped. The men were given food and drink. They lit small campfires, trying to dry their clothes and warm their shivering bodies. Their faces shone with a strange glow as they sat around the small campfires at the foot of Bornemissza. It seemed as if the campfires reflected the glow of their shining faces and burning eyes" (p. 105). This observance of an ancient religious ceremony in the face of such brutality prompted one young Nazi officer to tell the group of exhausted Jews: "I don't know who will win this war, but one thing I am sure of -- people like you, a nation like yours, will never be defeated, never!" '
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"A Holocaust Reader", 2005.
This paper discusses the Holocaust as presented in Rita Botwinick's "A Holocaust Reader: From Ideology to Annihilation".
1,090 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how Rita Botwinick's "A Holocaust Reader: From Ideology to Annihilation" is a glimpse into the madness of the campaign to exterminate the Jews narrated from a historical and personal viewpoint by those who lived the nightmare. The author states that the Holocaust was not an accident but occurred because individuals, organizations and governments made choices, which not only legalized discrimination but also allowed prejudice, hatred and mass murder to occur, thus exhibiting the outcome of remaining silent and apathetic to the oppression of other human beings.
From the Paper
"The intent of the Reich was to strip all identity from the Jews and make survival impossible. Reinhard Heydrich was the mastermind behind the Nazi death camps. On January 20, 1942 at the Wannsee Conference he illustrated his plans to murder Europe's Jews. In fact, Auschwitz was regarded as the most effective concentration camp created by the Reich to carry out the Final Solution. Rudolf Hoss was named the commandant of Auschwitz whose goal it was to eliminate every prisoner that entered the camp. On August 16, 1942 a section of the barracks was designated for women prisoners. The conditions were far worse than the other sections. They had deplorable sanitary conditions that caused the rapid spread of disease."
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The Holocaust, 2002.
This paper discusses the Holocaust as unimaginable horrors of this era.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the history leading up to the Holocaust and the Holocaust itself. The author feels that the Holocaust is not just a tragedy for the Jews, but for all people. The author states that the Holocaust may have been somewhat easier for active believers in the Jewish faith.
From the Paper
"We think of the Holocaust, of the slaughter of innocents on a before-unimaginable scale, as something that happened to the Jews of Eastern Europe. And unless we ourselves are of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, we find this assignment of the unimaginable horrors of this era to bring us a sense of at least some psychological relief. It was a terrible thing, of course, but we can place some distance between ourselves and such an atrocity."
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Holocaust Deniers and Education, 2006.
A refutation of arguments used by Holocaust deniers.
1,767 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The writer explains that Holocaust deniers feel that the material taught in schools and colleges is propaganda written by Jews to gain sympathy, collect money for the State of Israel and to perpetrate hatred of the Nazi movement. It explains that the Holocaust deniers feel that their opinions should be taught in schools and colleges as part of the curriculum. The writer contends that the Holocaust curriculum taught is accurate and need not include claims made by historical deniers. The paper brings the three main arguments made by Holocaust deniers. The writer states objections to each argument and raises doubts about them. In conclusion, the writer states that Holocaust deniers have no logical arguments when confronted with information that is contrary to their beliefs and that the historical convergence of evidence proving the Holocaust did happen overpowers the illogical thinking of the deniers.
Table of Contents:
Statement
Argument One
Objection
Reply
Argument Two
Objection
Reply
Argument Three
Objection
Reply
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Holocaust deniers do not deny that there are gas chambers and that some were even used to murder concentration camp victims. We simply state that they were not used for the mass murder of Jews during the Final Solution. They were there for the delousing of linens and clothing. There is not one shred of written proof that the Jews were ordered to die by gas chambers. As for the crematorium, we also do not argue that conditions in concentration camps were harsh, causing the death of many. Crematoriums were the most efficient way to dispose of the bodies who died naturally at the concentration camps."
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The Holocaust Experience, 2008.
A description of the experiences of Holocaust survivors as described in "Jack and Rochelle," written by Jack and Rochelle Sutin and the memoir by Alexander Donat, titled "The Holocaust Kingdom."
1,502 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 0 sources, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the story, "Jack and Rochelle," written by Jack and Rochelle Sutin and the memoir by Alexander Donat, titled "The Holocaust Kingdom." It describes the personal experiences of the authors and the horrifying mindset of the oppressors, particularly the Nazis, as it is illustrated in both books. It also looks at the books' depictions of vicious and relentless emotional, physical and psychological abuse the Nazi's targeted at their victims.
From the Paper
"In The Holocaust Kingdom, written by Alexander Donant, the horrors he experienced were the same. Jews were hated, tortured, and eventually killed - quickly and slowly. Donant, along with other fellow Jews described the way that they felt toward the German occupation: "The feeling we had for the Germans cannot be oversimplified into hatred. Hatred we felt, but the chief emotion was terror. We couldn't think of the Germans as human beings (page 87, The Holocaust Kingdom)." Some of the prisoners in the camps tried to stay as positive as possible and were tired of the German oppression. "Jewish young people who held their heads high, prepared for anything that might happen. Rightly or wrongly, sensibly or not, faithful to Jewish tradition or against it, this portion of the ghetto youth had come to a decision: they had taken enough; they would take no more (page 92, The Holocaust Kingdom)." This shows how the Jews were changing their attitude, they were going to survive or die trying. This quote in The Holocaust Kingdom illustrates this: "There was a stubborn, unending, continuous battle to survive....Jewish resistance was the resistance of a fish caught in a net, a mouse in a trap, an animal at bay. It is a pure myth that the Jews were merely "passive," that they did not put up resistance to the Nazis who had decreed their destruction. The Jews fought back against their enemies to a degree no other community anywhere in the world would have been capable of....they fought against hunger and starvation, against disease, against a deadly Nazi economic blockade. They fought against murderers and against traitors within their own ranks, and they were utterly alone in their fight (page 7, The Holocaust Kingdom).""
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Holocaust Denial, 2006.
Argues that society should vehemently condemn those who deny the Holocaust.
1,577 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that Holocaust denial is just as morally corrupt as genocide, and for one to state that the Holocaust never occurred, is the same as to declare that genocide is morally permissible. A premise consisting of two parts is used in this paper to affirm that society should condemn those who deny the Holocaust. It shows, first, that one must establish the definition of genocide while using the method of comparison, then it can be confirmed that both contexts, ancient and contemporary, are in fact similar. Second, due to generic definition, a link between Holocaust denial and genocide can be illustrated; the paper shows that Holocaust denial perpetuates the same level of immorality as genocide. Therefore, through an analysis of the ethical issues of genocide and Holocaust denial, the controversial nature of ethics is reinforced in this paper.
From the Paper
"One of the first and most well-known publications denying the Holocaust was a 32-page pseudo-academic booklet originally printed in 1974 in England; it was called "Did Six Million Really Die". The booklet states that the concentration camps were contributions to a sort of "mythology" and it discards the Diary of Anne Frank as a "hoax" and claims Jews were not exterminated but instead emigrated from Nazi Germany by a "benevolent government". (Berg, BBC news) The booklet is an example of Holocaust denial and its publication should not be morally permissible. Many may argue that this booklet is an expression of free speech and to prevent its publishing is morally wrong. However, one must realize that there is a line between free speech and hate speech."
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Two Holocausts, 2002.
Examines the genocidal Nazi Holocaust against the Jews and the Armenian genocide of 1915.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the two holocausts - the WWII holocaust against the Jews and the 1915 holocaust against the Armenians - were similar attempts at genocide involving expropriation and concentration. However, the Nazi policy of overt genocide and its industrial organization, mark it apart from the Armenian genocide.
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The Phenomenon behind Holocaust Denial, 2004.
An analysis of the reasoning and arguments of the 'revolutionists' who question the Holocaust.
1,558 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
Holocaust denial has become one of the most important vehicles for contemporary anti-Semitism. Some scholars believe it is the invention of a collection of long-time anti-Semites and apologists for Hitler. The Nazis themselves can be thought of as the first Holocaust revisionists, for they tried to conceal their extermination program behind euphemisms, such as the "final solution to the Jewish problem". This paper shows that, nevertheless, it is important to understand that Holocaust denial and other forms of revisionism also bring up ideas of relativism and truth. When critically analyzed, the motives behind such historians can open a floodgate to how society interprets humanity. Furthermore, the paper shows that, when deep-rooted anti-Semitic connotations are thrown into the mix, it is a recipe for why Holocaust denial is so significant to the contemporary response to the Holocaust.
From the Paper
"The main problem that I have with Holocaust revisionists is that they work backwards when compared to traditional forms of historic reporting. As stated before, historians take facts, make analyses, and finally draw interpretations to reach a conclusion. Revisionists already have a conclusion. Before anything else, Holocaust revisionists believe that survivor witnesses lied, documents left by Nazi's were forged and or misinterpreted, photographs were faked, and a myriad of other claims that rattle the cages of conscious thought. From here Holocaust revisionists begin to work backwards in proving their theories. If no letter exists stating that Hitler called for a final solution for the Jews, then the theory of Hitler's final solution never existed. If there are no photos of the gas chambers, then they never existed. This form of historic reporting wanders off the traditional path of revisionists."
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