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Maya History and Religion: Eric Thompson's Works and Writing, 1999.
A look at the value of Thompson's works and writings on Mayan history and religion.
1,528 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper examines Thompson's work and writing, including those for which he was criticized. Thompson spent many years studying the Mayan hieroglyphic writing system. The paper studies Thompson's work in respect to its value as an educational tool on the Mayan history, religion and culture.
From the Paper
" J. Eric Thompson helped to shape the existing vision of the ancient Maya. In his book, "Maya History and Religion," Thompson pulled together and combined all the different elements from the researchers that had come before him. He studied the contemporary Maya, their folklore, religion, languages, and lifestyle. To this modern study, Thompson added the information he gleaned from the records of the colonial period, the archeological artifacts that had been previously uncovered, and the artifacts of sites he personally excavated. With this combined information he was able to extend and further clarify the Maya culture. Thompson then took this contemporary view and transposed it back in time to create a picture of the Classic and Post-Classic Maya civilization..."
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Research Writing and Writing for a Non-Scholarly Audience, 2008.
A comparison between research writing and writing aimed at non-scholarly audiences, through a close examination of articles by Carol S. Dweck and John O'Sullivan.
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the differences between research writing and writing for a non-scholarly audience. The paper points out that the most obvious difference is that the former can be very difficult to read, but the latter is almost always relatively easy to read. However, there are many subtler stylistic differences as well. This essay examines the differences between the two styles of writing, by comparing Carol S. Dweck's research article entitled "The Role of Expectations and Attributions in the Alleviation of Learned Helplessness" with her popular article "Caution - Praise Can Be Dangerous", and with John O'Sullivan's popular article "Put Gay Marriage to 'Covenant' Test". To conclude, the paper examines the reliability of academic versus popular articles. The paper maintains that the former are peer-reviewed, making them likely to be more trustworthy, while popular articles are not necessarily trustworthy.
From the Paper
"One sometimes comes across articles written by the same authors, but written in different styles in order to suit the kind of article being written. Thus, a researcher may write a research article for a scholarly publication, and also write articles for popular audiences. In this way, the researcher is enabled to communicate with a much broader audience. Thus, a researcher who believes her information is very important may make use of the popular media to communicate what she knows. Dweck is an example of such a researcher/author - she is able to write very competently for both audiences. This shows that she clearly has a finely nuanced comprehension of the different stylistic devices employed in the two different kinds of publications. It also affords the opportunity of comparing her writing style in the two different styles of writing."
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Social History-New History, 2008.
A look at new history and multiculturalism within the context of historical studies in Britain.
2,739 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the conception of 'new history" or 'history from below' and states that it has its foundations in a wide range of connected disciplines and contemporary theoretical trajectories and stances. The paper comments that the foundation of 'history from below' lies in the questioning of the hegemony of old and more elitist views of history and the context of historical reality The paper concludes that the writing of 'history from below' provides a much-needed and important part of historical research and discourse in contemporary scholarship.
Outline:
Introduction and Overview
British Multiculturalism
Conclusion
From the Paper
" In conclusion it should be noted that the "new history" and the stance that takes its point of departure from 'below" in Britain owes much to the earlier Marxist historians. These historians are in fact seen as the "progenitors" of contemporary "history from below." (Kaye 182) Given this legacy in the British context it is not surprising that much of the historical research has been focused on the marginalized and disenfranchised cultures and sections of the population.
"For example there has been a great deal of research on the Asian and Pakistan immigration to the country. After the Second World War there was a large scale immigration of Muslims from various counties including North Africa to Britain. The central reason for this was the need in Britain for cheap industrial labor and they "...turned towards their former colonies in South Asia and North Africa to fill labour shortages... (What perspectives for Islam and Muslims in Europe?) Research into this area has produced numerous studies dealing with the prejudice and the alienation that these immigrants experienced. This type of research clearly shows the link and the connection between 'history from below' and multiculturalism and also suggests that these two concepts are inextricably intertwinwed in this new approach to history. While there are many detractors and critics of this new historical approach, there are also many who see 'new history' as advancing the aims of the discipline."
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Modern Russian Political History, 2005.
This paper reviews in detail the intricacies of modern Russian political history from the writing of the new constitution to relationships with the E.U..
7,120 words (approx. 28.5 pages), 22 sources, MLA, $ 159.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although Russian politics may appear to be chaotic, several factors underlie the problems in Russia, such as the history, the republics and regions and the diversity of the various groups involved. The author points out that, during the long, conflicted drafting process of the new constitution from June 1990 to November 1993, attention was often focused on the highly visible, disputed separation-of-powers doctrine; however, the process of drafting a new constitution for Russia also became protracted by the less conspicuous but progressively contentious, division-of-powers issue. The paper relates that Yeltsin's actions during the 1991 coup did much to bring democracy to Russia but he did not lived up to such ideals; even though plagued by ill health, Yeltsin's competence as a leader had long been suspect and corruption, crime and economic malaise flourished in Russia.
From the Paper
"The EU foreign ministers expressed their support for the Council of Europe's continuing cooperation with and assistance to Russia under the condition that Russia abides by its commitments. They acknowledged the efforts made by the Russian authorities for having the presence of Council of Europe experts in Russia and their promise of allowing free access by the International Red Cross to the detention camps in Chechnya. Portuguese Foreign Minister Jaime Gama and EU high representative of common foreign and defense policy Javier Solana briefed the foreign ministers about their recent trip to Moscow, where they met with President-elect Vladimir Putin and Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov."
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How Best Should We Study History?, 2009.
A discussion of methods for researching and writing history.
898 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses some disciplines and methods of historical research in an attempt to find which functions best. The writer defines empiricism and post-modernism, two seemingly opposed methods using objective and subjective reasoning, respectively, and discusses their problems. Whatever method is used, the writer, also a historian, feels a true historian must have a healthy respect for all historical disciplines, as well as an understanding of their various benefits and limitations. The writer also stresses that the narrative form is an important tool for understanding a historical era, as long as anachronism is avoided. This paper contains MLA-style footnotes but does not include a works cited page.
From the Paper
"An additional problem historians face is the question of narrative. The problem here is narrative history's predisposition toward imposing a biased perspective on historical events. Again, to the victors go the spoils or, less implicitly, history is written always with a purpose in mind. Should we pursue history according to the statistical methods imposed on quantitative history, a method that seeks to avoid personal bias by the raw, naked interpretation of data? This is hardly possible. As Cronon demonstrates, even if it were possible to impartially chronicle every historical event, that chronicle must necessarily carry with it a sense of narrative tone and structure in order to be relatable."
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Herman Melville: Influences that Made the Man and His Writing, 2006.
An examination of the life and works of Herman Melville.
2,088 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author looks at the life and works of Herman Melville. The paper focuses on Melville's personal experiences in life combined with his unique literary style and vision, making him, in the author's opinion, the creator of novels that are considered to be some of the greatest in American history. The paper starts with a look at Melville's early life from childhood through to adolescent and how the experiences he had, shaped him for the future. The paper then explores the writing techniques that Melville used in his story telling and the attitudes to his books at the time they were written. The paper concludes that Melville was one of the greatest authors in American history even though at the time of his writing he may not have been truly appreciated.
From the Paper
"Melville's writing reflects a tremendous number of influences. He incorporates character types, allusions, philosophy, and much more from the great thinkers of his day and from those who came before them. Some of his contemporaries were Nathaniel Hawthorne, who was a good friend, and transcendental thinkers such as Thoreau and Emerson. Whitman was another contemporary influence. Melville also read Shakespeare, Dante Alighieri, and Edmund Spenser. The evidence of these writers is found in Biblical, philosophical and literary allusions throughout his novels (DelFattore 1913)."
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Should Her Story be History?, 2006.
This paper examines the lack of female historians, as well as women's accomplishments and contributions documented throughout history, in a primarily male dominated field.
1,145 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper ponders the argument that the secondary characteristics of a historian has more impact on his or her writing, than gender alone. The writer contends that these secondary characteristics, such as race, socio-economic status, religious and political affiliations are what determine a writer's personal beliefs and biases. This paper explores the contributions of Sarah Bolton, one of America's leading feminist historians, who brought women in history to the forefront. Bolton's writings of history openly advocated the role of women in history and the change in social norms. The writer of this paper contends and explains that historians generally have agendas and that their writings are used to further these agendas. The writer also asserts that if history is written only by men, it is logical to assume that women's contributions to historical events will be lacking. The same holds true for history written by only one particular race.
From the Paper
"Take, for example, the different perspectives that could be taken by two writers, both women, about women being granted access to higher education in the 20th Century. The first woman writer is a member of the middle-class, and she and her husband both have to work in order to keep their family in the middle class. That historian may begin her history with women getting equal access to higher education, which led to more women entering the workforce in higher-paying jobs. In addition, that historian could accurately show that, traditionally, as women have entered an occupation, it has become devalued by society, and the members of the occupation have then suffered a relative decline in pay. As a result, the historian could conclude that women's access to higher education has led to a society of families that cannot maintain a middle-class lifestyle without two incomes."
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Power Writing, 2008.
A research paper that examines whether writing instruction is enhanced with the use of power writing beginning at the kindergarten level.
2,884 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
The paper explores whether the use of power writing improves the literacy development of kindergartners. The paper explains that power writing describes a three-step process that can be applied to all forms of expository, persuasive or personal narrative writing. The paper examines the elements of writing and the essentials for a strong writing program. The paper stresses that literacy goals must begin in the kindergarten classroom and not wait until the children can read and spell correctly.
Outline:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Problem to be Investigated
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Research Question
Definition of Terms
Chapter 2: Literature Review
What is Writing?
Essentials for a Strong Writing Program
Power Writing
Writing in Kindergarten
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In Ontario, student achievement in writing is assessed by the writing portion of the Grade 3 Assessment of Writing by the Education Quality and Accountability Office (EQAO). The results of these standardized tests are broken down into categories. Students consistently score lowest in the category of "organization of ideas" for the reading and writing segment. Realizing the need for improvement, the school boards, the schools, and the administrators are able to establish and implement a set of strategies and interventions to achieve progress. It is their responsibility to ensure that primary students have the best possible opportunity to become effective writers. Educators know that children's reading and writing achievement at the end of Grade 3 will depend in large part on the reading and writing instruction they receive in Kindergarten, Grade 1 and Grade 2 and so they work collaboratively to ensure seamless progression (Ministry of Education, 2003)."
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Constructing the Past as National History, 2002.
Argues that history written as "national" history shapes our understanding of the past.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
Statues and monuments to great leaders of the past are paid for and maintained by states at a great cost because they are often necessary to justify the legitimacy of the state. In this context, as this essay will argue, our understanding of the past is shaped by the writing of history as "national" history.
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Canadian History, 2007.
A review of three articles: Ramsay Cook's, "1942 and All That: Making a Garden out of Wilderness"; Alan Gordon's "Heroes, History, and Two Nationalisms: Jacques Cartier" and Ken Coates and William Morrison's, "Winter and the Shaping of Northern History: R
1,099 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article review, the author demonstrates through the use of three articles how the presentation of history may be slanted. The articles include Ramsay Cook's , "1942 and All That: Making a Garden out of Wilderness ", Alan Gordon's "Heroes, History, and Two Nationalisms: Jacques Cartier" and Ken Coates and William Morrison's, "Winter and the Shaping of Northern History: Reflections from the Canadian North". The review further describes how and why an author may slant history. The paper then evaluates each article independently. The paper concludes by explaining that these writings are particularly important, because they criticize the history we have always taken for granted as a truthful depiction of what really happened, and point out the obvious flaws.
From the Paper
"What all these writings share is the idea that history is written by people, and is never totally objective or valid. When we read (or write) historical documents, we need to look Also at the surrounding culture, the background of the writer and the social structures and politics of the time. It is true that history of wars is written by the winners, so the losers always become the evil aggressors and the winners the champions of the people."
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School Writing Exercises, 2006.
The author of this paper argues that the required writing exercises of diagramming sentences and writing journal entries in school are a useful and helpful method of teaching writing skills.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper revisits two unhappy memories of exercises done while in grade school and/or high school: the diagramming of sentences and the writing of journal entries. The paper then attempts to persuade the reader that these two activities, while not seen as fun or helpful at the time, were in fact very useful in the writer's development and learning. It is then argued that these same two activities are valid and useful with today's students.
From the Paper
"There are two exercises that I was asked, no forced, to do when I was in grade school and high school that seemed so ridiculous and tawdry at the time that I can still remember my distaste and displeasure whenever they were assigned. I am sure these two activities bring back such unpleasant memories to many people of my age. They are sentence-diagramming and journal-writing. Yet, despite how much I loathed doing either of these while I was a burgeoning student and writer, despite how awful I thought they were, I have come to realize that each activity was quite useful in my development and learning. This essay will argue that sentence-diagramming and journal-writing were both sound steps in this writer's development and could also benefit students of today. The first of these two activities is still mentioned with scorn and even terror from most ex-students' lips even today."
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Writing the Atlantic Slave Trade., 2002.
Discusses the methods of perspective relating to the history and narrative of the Atlantic slave trade.
3,525 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 9 sources, $ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the shifting value systems that have composed the history of the slave trade; this is, therefore, not specifically about the events that occurred during the activity of capitalism and slavery, geographies and cultures. It is about the texts, reading the narratives as methods for writing about history. As such, this paper considers history as a history of its own invention, through the differently constructed narrative accounts that reflect changing social and cultural value systems and how these have been written in-relation to the activities of the slave trade.
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Writing Centers, 2007.
An argument in favor of using university writing centers to improve the writing skills of students.
1,526 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the pros and cons of using writing centers that are provided by universities in order to improve the writing skills of students. It addresses the misconceptions that students have about university writing centers, particularly focusing on the writing center at Kennesaw State University. The author argues in favor of university writing centers, based on her personal experience and observations.
From the Paper
"Writing Centers were created to assist students in improving their writing skills, gain the knowledge to increase the quality of students' literary work, and to promote collaboration and communication, not only between tutor and student, but also between peers. Writing Centers can be found at nearly every University and offer students an incredible opportunity to improve their writing. The Writing Center, at KSU, provides an invaluable experience, using peer tutoring to enrich the student's skills as a writer and provides students with a free outlet to improve their writing experience. Whether a student is an English major or a Science major, these Centers are open to all different kinds of students who desire to receive knowledge and the assistance of their peers. Although The Writing Center is free to those who want the aid of the faculty and tutors, there are a several factors that seem to keep students away from receiving the full advantage of this convenience."
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Developing Writing Skills, 2002.
This paper is an essay that can make writing a more pleasant task by developing these writing skills.
1,335 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 0 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper presents skills that all writers can develop to make writing easier. The author suggests that to overcome writer's block use these techniques: Free writing, taking a break from writing and using outside sources for information. The author proposes that difficulties with organizing and structuring material can be solved by creating an outline, brainstorming and using a specific format. The paper recommends that to polish a paper write a draft and then edit, re-edit and re-edit. An outline is included.
From the Paper
"Writing has often been said to be some of the hardest work in the world that does not directly involve heavy lifting. While the tone of this comment is clearly humorous, it certainly helps to underscore the serious difficulty that writing poses to a wide variety of individuals. Writing can be a truly time-consuming, laborious and unpleasant experience for many people. As such, a large number of intelligent, accomplished and highly competent individuals have serious difficulties with producing a final draft, organization and writer?s block. Writing does not come naturally to a great number of people, and they face an uphill challenge when trying to produce written materials."
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Six Traits Writing System, 2007.
This paper looks at the assessment method used for assessing the writing skills of children in elementary school, known as the six traits writing system.
1,088 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the six traits writing system which identifies six common traits of good writing in order to provide an assessment of elementary writing. The paper looks at some commonly agreed upon definitions of the six traits. The paper points out that not all six traits are used by all teachers or across all grade levels, as some traits develop later than others. The paper relates that this system has improved the teaching of writing, because it identifies and defines a more objective manner of assessment.
From the Paper
"The Six Traits Writing System was developed during the 1980s to cope with a situation where assessment of elementary writing was neither standardized nor reliable. The teachers across the country cooperated and devised a system which identified six common traits of good writing. These include: ideas, organization, voice, word choice, sentence fluency, conventions, and presentation (in the 6+1 model). (NW Regional Education Laboratory 2006) The model uses these traits to assess the different characteristics of good writing. The definitions of these traits of good writing are shared and modified as needed, but by using a shared definition of each trait, an easily understandable method of assessment can convey exactly what the assessment means for each child, and enable better teaching of writing skills. The number of traits assessed may vary from four to seven, depending upon the type of writing, the context and the children being assessed."
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