| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "HISTORY PSYCHOLOGY": |
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History of Psychology, 2002.
An overview of some of the major theories and schools of thought that have come out during the history of psychology.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 1 source, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses topics in the history of psychology, specifically tensions between behaviorism and cognitive psychology. It describes a number of schools of psychological thought, including behaviorism, gestalt theory, cognitivism, and observational learning theory. These components all play a part in the development of the modern psychologist's outlook on the human mind and human behavior.
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A History of Abnormal Psychology, 2002.
Reviews the history of abnormal psychology as a history of mental illness and the various influences that have advanced the research and treatment of mental illness.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
Beginning with primitivism and concluding with the technological and specialized classification and diagnostic tools of 21st century psychology, this review examines the recursive cycles of humanitarian approaches to psychology. The fleeting appearances of a morality and value system in psychology indicate a change in modern techniques is over-due. This paper concludes with a summary of structural and functional approaches to psychology and emphasizes the lack of interconnected theories that might illuminate treatments of abnormal psychology.
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The History of Experimental Psychology, 2002.
Examining the Leipzig, Paris and American models of experimentation in Psychology.
1,714 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
A discussion of Danzigner's study on the history of experimental psychology. This paper basically traces the importance of learning about past experimental methods. It explains that the goal of Danziger?s article is to offer those involved in the field of psychological research a chance to understand the history of experimentation. The paper presents an summary of Danziger?s article, followed by an analysis and reactive interpretation.
From the Paper
"The understanding of the history of psychology is not only pertinent to our advancement within the academic and applied areas, but provides us with the framework upon which psychology was established, popularized and became functional. Danziger (1985) discusses the significance of the history and development of experimental practices in the field of psychology within a social framework. In The Origins of the Psychological Experiment as a Social Institution, Danziger presents us with a description of models of psychological experimentation derived from the social structure of science within the relevant time period."
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The History and Evolution of Counseling Psychology, 2004.
This article studies the practice of counseling psychology.
6,750 words (approx. 27.0 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 239.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper examines the history and evolution of counseling psychology from various perspectives. The writer discusses the unique characteristics that distinguish counseling psychology from clinical psychology. In this paper, the writer also offers a literature review.
From the Paper
"The purpose of the paper is to provide a concise exploration of the inception and development of counseling psychology from various perspectives. Most significantly, this discussion will highlight the unique characteristics of counseling psychology which distinguish it from clinical psychology, another specialty in the field of psychology. Because the two specialties share the same theoretical knowledge and practices, counseling psychology has often been subsumed under the field of clinical psychology. By catering to a population that ... "
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Community Psychology And Traditional Psychology, 2002.
Examines the differences between the two schools of psychology.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 9 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Examines the differences between the two schools of psychology. Community as grounded in roots of ecological psychology & the social sciences. Traditional as based upon principles of psychoanalysis, behaviorism & humanistic psychotherapies. Uses actor Robert Downey, Jr. and his chronic substance abuse problems to illustrate how both schools of psychology would analyze his difficulties.
From the Paper
"Community psychology is a specialization within a larger realm encompassing psychology and the social sciences that is grounded in the roots of ecological psychology (What is community psychology..., 2000). Traditional psychology, on the other hand, is based upon fundamental principles of psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanistic psychotherapies (Garfield & Bergin, 1986). The two approaches differ in terms of views, values, and focus. The purpose of this report is to examine the differences between these two schools of psychology with reference to a specific individual seeking help for a life problem. The individual selected is the well-known actor, Robert Downey, Jr., whose substance abuse problems have been tracked in the popular press over the course of the last several years."
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Psychology and the Psychological Study of Human Aggression, 2000.
A look at various psychological studies and opinion on human aggression.
1,695 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 9 sources, $ 54.95
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From the Paper
"Psychology is a science dealing with behavior and mental processes. It concerns the hows and whys of individual human behavior. Psychological research employs the scientific method, which utilizes the techniques and procedures of naturalistic observation and experimentation to deal with facts, data, and their interpretation according to certain principles. In a given study, the dependent variable under study is considered to be a function of the 'independent variables. Typically, one independent variable is manipulated - the experi-mental variable, while the other independent variables are controlled. Statistical methods are then employed to anal, the research data to ascertain if the findings support or refute the experimental hypothesis......."
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Psychology and Philosophy, 2005.
The relationship between the history of philosophical thought and the history of psychology.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This essay investigates the significance of philosophy within the history of psychology. It argues that philosophy and psychology, for most of their histories, handled the very same subjects. Accordingly, the very same divisions within the field of philosophy can be seen within the field of psychology. The conclusion of the paper is that overall psychology and philosophy must be very similar and important with reference to one another.
From the Paper
"The history of psychology goes hand in hand with the history of philosophy. In fact, if a timeline of the most famous psychologists through the history of civilization were constructed, it would be nearly indistinguishable from a chronological timeline detailing the most famous philosophers. Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Descartes, Kant, and Heidegger all contributed to the fundamentals of psychology, while at the same time they unfolded complex and lasting philosophical theories. It has often been argued that, "By the end of the Greek era the critical themes and issues of psychology as well as the methodological approaches were well identified and structured." (Brennan, 32). It is reasonable to wonder precisely why this should be so; certainly, it is not at all apparent that the two fields of psychology and philosophy -- so seemingly distinct today -- should be related in such an intimate manner."
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Humanistic Psychology, 2007.
An overview of the history and evolution of humanistic psychology and its offshoots.
1,587 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the approach of humanistic psychology in the treatment of mental health. It describes the role of humanist therapists (also known as transpersonalists, Gestalt therapists, psycho-physiologists, integral psychologists, mind/body practitioners, postmodernists and human scientists). The paper also describes the history of humanistic psychology and how it has evolved with time and discusses the offshoots that fall under the humanist approach.
From the Paper
"In the 1970s and 80s, the ideas and values of humanistic psychology spread into many areas of society. In addition to the above noted areas, there is also green politics, deep ecology, the feminist and gay rights movements, and the psycho-spiritual wing of the peace movement. This takes into account an integrated and balanced view of human nature and maintaining harmony in the grand scheme of existence. As noted by Maureen O'Hara, past president of the Association for Humanistic Psychologists: "As the world's people demand freedom and self-determination, it is urgent that we learn how diverse communities of empowered individuals, with freedom to construct their own stories and identities, might live together in mutual peace. Perhaps it is not a vain hope that is life in such communities might lead to the advance in human consciousness beyond anything we have yet experienced. ""
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Abraham Maslow and Third Force Psychology, 2006.
This paper examines the studies of psychologist Abraham Maslow and third force psychology also known as the humanistic approach to psychology which believes that all people are inherently good.
3,029 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 28 sources, APA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This in-depth paper explores Maslow's career as a trained experimental and quantitative psychologist who rebelled against the current model of abnormal psychology and began to investigate normal individuals for aspects of mental health. This paper also discusses Maslow's critical view of Sigmund Freud's theories. During his career Maslow studied great figures in history including: Abraham Lincoln, Albert Schweitzer and Mahatma Gandhi while he concentrated on the healthy aspects of the human psyche.
His theory of hierarchical needs and the concept of self-actualization arose out of this historical investigation.
Topics covered in this report include:
A Short History of Psychology
Maslow's Rebellion Against Freud, Watson and Skinner
Maslow's Emphasis on the Healthy Personality
The Hierarchy of Needs
Peak Experiences Defined
Maslow's Research on Self Actualizing Personalities
Maslow and Management - a Renaissance of Third Force Psychology
How Can Self-Actualization Assist Societal Growth in the Future?
Conclusion
Footnotes
References
From the Paper
"Abraham Maslow was one of the great personality theorists to emerge from the school of Neo-Freudism. This was a period when therapists were attempting to go beyond Freudian concepts and redefine clinical psychology through other techniques. Some of the reasons they felt compelled to try new ways of communicating with their patients were multi fold. First, psychoanalysis was a very long and expensive process for the patient and it also required that the therapist become a Doctor of Medicine before studying psychoanalysis."
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Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2006.
An examination of the history and methodology of industrial and organizational psychology.
1,758 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how, since the first employer-employee relationship, people have been engaging in an informal study of industrial and organizational psychology. The paper further discusses how, building on the experimental methods developed in psychology and other fields of science, industrial and organizational psychologists have developed specific research methods aimed at assessing and improving work environments. The paper shows how these research efforts have resulted in the development of aptitude tests, which industrial and organizational psychologists use to ensure that employees are in the most appropriate work environment. The paper concludes that industrial and organizational psychology has expanded beyond the application of aptitude testing, and industrial and organizational psychologists are now involved in almost every aspect of the employment process.
Outline:
Introduction
History
Basics of I/O
Tools Used by I/O Psychologists
The Application of I/O to the Workplace
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Other than aptitude testing and the development of aptitude tests, it is somewhat difficult to identify the tools and methods used by I/O psychologists. This is not because there is a lack of tools or methodology, but because I/O is such a broad category. In fact, research in I/O is very similar to research in other areas of mainstream psychology. It is "based largely on positivism, using quantitative studies and the scientific method to test and disprove hypotheses, often in an experimental context." (Wikipedia, Psychology, 2005). Quantitative research methods rely on tests, rating scales, questionnaires, and physiological measures. (Ehigie and Ehigie, 2005). In addition, I/O psychologists also utilize qualitative research, which "utilizes interpretive techniques and is descriptive in nature, enabling the gathering of rich clinical information unattainable by classical experimentation." "
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Positive Psychology, 2007.
This paper discusses the theory of positive psychology in light of the various other psychology theories.
3,553 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that positive psychology is a newer branch of psychology that primarily deals with what is 'right' with humans instead of what is 'wrong' with them. The paper discusses how positive psychology is a science that is growing rapidly. The paper explores how it compares to various other forms of psychology and how this new kind of psychology integrates itself with personality traits and theories that are commonly dealt with and addressed when it comes to psychology. The paper concludes that with positive psychology, more medications and therapies are being utilized and many problems that were previously considered to be imagined are being recognized as biological and behavioral problems that need therapy and other means of help.
Outline:
Introduction
Brief Definition of Positive Psychology
How Does Positive Psychology Compare to Other Forms of Psychology?
Integration with Personality Traits and Theory
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The concept of positive psychology has been around for some time, but not under that specific name and not in exactly the same way as it is now. There have been changes made in the area of psychology in recent years, and positive psychology is at the forefront of these changes, because it looks at joy and happiness instead of depression and other mental problems and issues. Not everyone agrees with this type of psychology, however, and some individuals that work in the field of psychology believe that those that work with positive psychology are doing a disservice to their patients because they are not focusing on the real problems that the patients have, and instead just trying to get their patients to 'think positive' and avoid negative thoughts and ideas."
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Sports Psychology, 2002.
Explores the growing popularity of sports psychology, which contributes to an athlete's success.
4,230 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 31 sources, APA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
The science of sports psychology rests uncomfortably between pure science, theory and hype. But, as athletes make their way up successive levels from amateur to semi-professional, from pro to world- class, the physical aspects of the game stay the same. The paper shows that an athlete can only digest so much nutrition, burn so many calories in the weight room and endure a relatively fixed amount of physical training before ready to perform at a peak level. The hypothesis is that the factor which separates one level of athlete from the next, and what often prevents an athlete with much ?potential? from reaching his or her goals is the mental game. The paper shows that, although this idea sounds simple, at upper levels of performance the athlete?s own body can become one of the opponents on the playing field which must also be conquered. Toward this end, the ?science? of sports psychology, including hypnosis, self hypnosis, guided imagery and bio-feedback have come into the sports marketplace in the last 30 years, and have proven that at the levels of performance which test the athletes total ability, conquering the mind game is the cornerstone to victory on the playing field.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
History
Sports Psychology and Hypnosis
Desire: the First Requirement
Hypnosis, Self Hypnosis, Biofeedback
Examples of Biofeedback
Guided Imagery
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"An associative attentional focus concentrates one's awareness on bodily states, self-perceptions, and pacing or rhythm related to an activity. Conversely, a dissociative attentional focus or distraction diverts attention away from bodily self-awareness and self-perceptions and towards external stimuli or factors not related to an activity (e.g., words of a song, other people exercising). Studies have found conflicting results as to whether association or dissociation is a more effective strategy for improving performance."
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Ego Psychology, 2005.
An examination of what ego psychology is and how it is applied in the field of psychology.
1,759 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper begins by explaining what the ego psychology theory is and who the main theorists were behind its development. A history of its development is provided as well as a study of the primary components of the theory. The writer then looks at how the theory can be applied to human behavior and development. Criticisms of ego psychology are discussed and the paper concludes with how human behavior can be better understood with the theory.
Paper Outline
Theorists of Ego Psychology
Development of Ego Psychology
Primary Components of Ego Psychology Theory
Ego Psychology Applied to Human Behavior and Development
Strengths of Ego Psychology Theory
Criticisms of Ego Psychology Theory
Understanding Human Behavior through Ego Psychology Theory
References
From the Paper
"Ego psychology comes under the neo-analytic theory. Neo-analytic theory recasts and broadens psychoanalytic theory by underplaying sexuality, and by underplaying the significance of the unconscious. Instead it highlights the role of the ego. There are some neo-analytic theorists who concentrate on the process of the ego, while some concentrate on how the ego relates with and is influenced by other individuals or society or culture. Freud thought that the main job of ego was to intervene among the id, superego and external realism. Ego psychologists vary from Freud by stating that: The ego is concerned in adjustment, i.e. that the aim of behavior is adjustment to the surroundings and that the ego is powerfully concerned; and that the ego prevails from birth. Based on Freud's early works, a number of famous ego psychologists have done their works, but with a better and diverse prominence on ego. These ego psychologists can all be categorized as Neo-analysts. Examples are: Adler; Erikson; Freud; Hartmann; Loevinger and White. (Major Neoanalytic Theories & Theorists)"
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Industrial/Organizational Psychology, 2006.
This paper assesses the occupation of industrial/organizational psychology.
1,574 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The writer of this article explains that industrial/organizational psychology has transformed the field of social psychology and the workplace environment. The purpose of this discussion is to assess the occupation of industrial/organizational psychology. The assessment consists of three parts. The first part explores the history of this area including its relationship to other areas of psychology and academic disciplines. The second part of the discussion focuses on the principle theories and the research methods this area of psychology employs to test the validity of these theories. The final part of the assessment examines how the empirical findings in this area can be applied to promote human welfare.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History
Principle Theories and Research Methods
Promoting Human Welfare
References
From the Paper
"In addition consequentialism contends that the morality of an individual's actions should be judged by the comparative goodness of their effects as opposed to being judged by their innate rightness or wrongness. Individuals including applied psychologists business managers, and economists, who generally make their professional decisions based on the probable consequences of their actions, have usually been more comfortable with consequentialism instead of deontological theories. For instance, a projected model of ethical decision making in organizations may choose to define a moral issue completely in terms of whether or not it is of harm or benefit to others."
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