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Nationalism and the Modern Nation State, 2004.
A comparison of Umut Ozkirimli?s work, entitled "Theories of Nationalism: A Critical Introduction" and Stuart J. Kaufman?s "Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War".
842 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines these two writers' views on nationality and concludes that, although Kaufman is more inclined to speak of ?hatreds? rather than ethnic identities, Kaufman also, like Ozkirimli, stresses the importance of understanding the emotional significance of ethnic and national identity when constructing a nation state, rather than the idea that ethnicity exists as a linear, enclosed historical trope within definable and easily recognizable boundaries;ethnicity is ?felt,? rather than historically in evidence, for both authors.
From the Paper
"The overview present in Umut Ozkirimli?s analysis is a warning not to dismiss the importance of nationalism, and also a caution not to accept certain groups? claims to nationhood wholesale and at their face value, as the concept of what constitutes ethnicity shifts and changes, depending on individual?s particular political alliances in a particular historical context. Ozkirimili?s work has a far more dispassionate tone, in contrast, to Stuart J. Kaufman?s Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War. Kaufman?s work, in contrast to Ozkirimli, is more stridently prescriptive in nature. However, Kaufman is also more rigorous in his use of international political theoretical frameworks to justify his suggestions to policymakers."
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The History of Modern Nationalism, 2006.
This paper analyzes the goals and impact of modern nationalism in 19th and 20th century Europe.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the roots of modern nationalism back to the French Revolution and Napoleonic wars and describes how its ideologies affected Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries. The writer of this paper defines nationalism as the right of every citizen and every nation to exist in freedom and to develop its own singularity. The strongest catalyst for European nationalism emerged in the 19th century with the industrial revolution. This paper examines the pros and cons of modern nationalism and discusses how the central European revolution of 1848 sparked a bonfire of nationalism. This paper also explores the effects of nationalism during Hitler's reign.
From the Paper
"For modern nationalism was born in the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. Effectively controlled by the French republic during the Reign of Terror, nationalism helped repel France's foreign foes. Meanwhile, all across Europe, patriots tried to kindle nationalist flames in the war against Napoleon. So by 1815 there were already clues of how nationalism could spread and quickly develop. During this early age of nationalism, its proponents usually believed that every nation, like every citizen, had the right to exist in freedom and to develop its singularity."
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Modern Theories of Nationalism, 2002.
A critical review of modern theories of nationalism with reference to the demise of the Soviet empire.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper is on the modern theories of nationalism. Since it crystallizes the reality that nationalism is a response to a situation. It is, in other words, a situational phenomenon, not a universal one. This is vital to keep in mind in the Soviet context, since certain situational realities in terms of ethnic nationalism stimulated the forces that brought about the demise of the Soviet empire.
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Economic History of Pre-modern Europe, 2005.
Answers several questions on European economic history.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 0 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses several aspects of European economic history, focusing primarily on the medieval period. The paper includes a discussion of the role of the fairs of Champagne and the effect of the Black Death.
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Micro-histories of Modern Europe, 2001.
This essay takes a look at Modern Europe from a micro-historical perspective, weighing the benefits of micro-history against the broad perspective of macro-history.
1,504 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This essay explores Modern Europe and, more specifically, modern Italy, with a micro-historical magnifying glass. By exploring specific incidences and personal accounts, the micro-histories tell the stories that the macro-histories often overlook. By taking a detailed look at the "Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara," by David Kertzer, the Papal hierarchy and the changing tides in Europe, this essay highlights all the small steps that are taken in order to make giant leaps in history.
From the Paper
"The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara artfully skews the boundaries that traditionally separate macro-history from micro-history. In his meticulous account of Edgardo Mortara, David Kertzer intimately reveals the controversial struggles endured by the Mortara family in mid-nineteenth century Italy. The tyrannical conventions of old-regime papal authority discordantly clash with the emerging post-enlightenment ideology as Kertzer places the fate of a young Jewish boy in context with European anti-Semitism and Italian unification. Throughout the course of his historic narrative, David Kertzer skillfully analyzes the infrastructure of Italian authority and explains how changes in public opinion throughout the world ultimately resulted in the downfall of papal dominance. Surprisingly ignored by most modern historians, Kertzer portrays the Mortara incident as a pivotal point in Italian unification and the institutional collapse of the church."
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Nationalism and Religion in Modern Ireland, 2002.
A critique of J. C. Beckett's "A History of Modern Ireland".
2,286 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that "A History of Modern Ireland" is notable for its insightful and revisionist representations in light of its general goal as a survey of modern history. It discusses that the omission of many details, especially those involving popular movements in England, as influential as they might have been to Ireland, are forgivable in light of the sheer scope of the text. The author of the paper shows that the revisionist tendencies of the text, which sometimes gets bogged down in attempts not to over-generalize or create a history without cause and effects, gives a particularly modern feeling to a book written twenty five years ago.
From the Paper
"J C Beckett?s The Making of Modern Ireland is a carefully constructed book that is very much written in an introductory/survey-oriented sense. The author acknowledges both this and its heavy reliance on predecessors in the preface, as well as his own feelings of incompetence towards the subject throughout its completion. Despite this, the narrative he subtlety lays out introduces a refreshing and strong viewpoint towards the origins of Irish Nationalism trough commonalities of thought, despite the rivalries of aim, amongst Irish Roman Catholics and the Church of Ireland."
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Modern Chinese History (1949-1980), 2004.
An examination of modern Chinese history, focusing on the rule of Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
1,574 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The modern Chinese history under Mao Zedong is often perceived as a one-dimensional, iron-fisted rule by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) led by Mao. The truth, of course, is not so simple or one-dimensional. It is true that Mao was a larger-than-life figure who was raised to a godlike status through the personality cult built around him. The paper points out that, at the same time, Mao was an incorrigible revolutionary, which in itself ensured that there would never be a dull moment as long as he was in power. Although defying Mao?s thoughts in China was a hazardous occupation while he lived, differences of opinion and expression of alternate visions within the CCP about how the country should be governed were not totally absent, even during Mao?s lifetime. This paper examines some of the major policy campaigns launched by the CCP during 1949-1980, the difference of opinion or alternate visions expressed by a few, and the consequences they had to face.
From the Paper
"In order to understand the dynamics of Communist China, it is worthwhile to briefly examine the background of the Communist movement and see how it came to China. China was a formerly great continental empire ruled by a weakened monarchy in the early part of the 20th century. A republican revolution in 1911 brought an end to the monarchic rule but the country remained beset with internal troubles and foreign interference. Japan, with its imperialist ambitions, sought to make China its protectorate, while local warlords in the country all but made a central government, irrelevant. China entered the World War I on the side of the Allies, hoping to halt the Japanese ambitions on its territory, but was badly let down at the Treaty of Versailles. In such a political environment, a group of Chinese intellectuals?inspired by the October 1917 Communist revolution in Russia, formed the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1921. Initially, the Communists joined the Kuomintang nationalists (KMT) who led a fight against the warlords to reunify the country."
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"A Modern History of Hong Kong", 2004.
A critical review and analysis of Steve Tsan's "A Modern History of Hong Kong".
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 47.95
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This paper analyzes "A Modern History of Hong Kong" by Steve Tsang. It explains the reasons for and effects of the making of Hong Kong into a Crown colony. In addition, the paper offers a critical review of the book and offers some suggestions for its improvement.
From the Paper
"This paper analyzes "A Modern History of Hong Kong" by Steve Tsang and discusses the reasons behind and effects of England's decision to make Hong Kong into a Crown Colony. When the British flag was finally lowered on June it signaled the end of an era for Hong Kong. By this time Hong Kong had been transformed to an international financial center boasting a high quality of life for most of its residents, a stable government and an ..."
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Nationalism in Early Modern China, 2002.
An examination of the transformation from Han Nationalism to Republicanism in early modern China.
3,740 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 8 sources, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the development of nationalism in modern China, from the Han response to the Qing government to anti-imperialist agitation and republicanism under the guidance of Sun Yatsen. It looks briefly at the New Culture Movement and the role of secret societies such as the Tongmeng hui.
From the paper:
"Nationalism has been a defining ideology in the creation of Modern China, promoted at first by a series of secret societies, and later by both the Guomingdang and the Chinese Communist Party to achieve different ends. It was central to the early student movements, and the May Fourth Movement, and nationalism was the first of Sun Yatsen?s Three Principles of the People. In its early stages, Chinese nationalism was based on ethnic and racial identity, and centered on Han identity, however over time the significance of ethnic identity has decreased. Foreign influence in the conceptualization of Chinese nationalism has been problematic to developing a clear understanding of the movement; despite this, nationalism developed in a particularly Chinese manner."
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God and Government: An Interpretation of Modern History., 2002.
This paper examines Catherine Millard's book, "The Rewriting of American History" in comparison to three other history texts.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
These texts are Jack N. Rakove's "Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the Constitution", M. E. Bradford's "Founding Fathers : Brief Lives of the Framers of the United States Constitution", and Howard Zinn's "A People's History of the United States". The comparison shall be made on the grounds that Millard mistakenly argues that modern American historians are atheists and therefore wish to exclude all mention of God from historical texts.
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Modern Jewish History, 2002.
Examines Jewish history with an emphasis on the Holocaust and the Haskalah, the Jewish enlightenment.
1,269 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In modern times, the transformation of both the religious and traditional aspects of Judaism from traditional beliefs and customs led directly to the formation of a Jewish homeland. This essay traces the causes and effects of both the Haskalah or Jewish Enlightenment and the Holocaust, the two most important events in contemporary Jewish history. Special attention is given to their contribution to the Zionist effort to establish the state of Israel.
From the Paper
"As the power of host states began to rise, Jewish autonomy decreased, and with it, the authority of the traditional Jewish leaders, the rabbis, also decreased. In their place, maskilim gained power, promoting the rational thinking inherent in the general European Enlightenment. The most famous maskil, Moses Mendelssohn, advocated reforms in
which the Jews would be able to socially and culturally integrate into their host societies (Finder Sept. 12, 2002). This was to be accomplished largely through reformed education in which secular subjects were added to the more traditional religious subjects (Sorkin 53). The learning of vernacular languages, adoption of local manners, and reformation of economic behavior were also goals of the Haskalah. The ultimate goal of the Haskalah was to achieve full citizenship for Jews by convincing the surrounding gentile, or non-Jewish, population of the equality of their Jewish neighbors (Sorkin 5). This process was unsystematic and often required changes to Jewish traditions."
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Modern Iraq's History of Social Conflict, 2006.
A discussion of the various social and political conflicts that have troubled Iraq in modern times.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the social and political conflicts that have plagued modern Iraqi history. The paper argues that the current war in Iraq is the result of unresolved tensions betwen ethnic and religious factions in the country.
From the Paper
"Political scientist Michael J Sodaro's writing of the myriad factors impacting upon the process of democratization now underway in post-Saddam Iraq argues that the most critical variable with the potential to disrupt..."
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Modern Irish History, 2005.
A look at the history of the Irish people in the past century.
2,541 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history of the Irish people, both within and outside of the country. It looks at issues such as elections, leaders, diaspora, immigration, emigration, and terror groups.
From the Paper
"Feeney recounts, then, the election victories of Sinn Fein in Ulster, and their finally getting a Sinn Fiener elected south of the border. By 1992, Gerry Adams had proven "he could deliver the republican movement in once piece" (Feeney 2003, p. 383). He was able to keep the party from splitting, something that had always doomed its efforts in the past. Talks were begun with the British government (although Feeney points out that 'back channel' talks had been underway for years between the British and the IRA), and President Bill Clinton got his 'photo ops' with Adams (very appealing to Irish Americans) and British Prime Minister John Major. However, the talks stalled in 1993, and have remained so. There has been a return to violence, but not because Adams called for it. Indeed, although Feeney points out that Adams had lost the pulse of the IRA, nonetheless, their more recent attacks have been not against innocents but against 'antisocial' elements (Feeney 2003 p. 421-422). Neither Adams nor Sinn Fein nor the IRA have given up their demand for a united Ireland. What Feeney argues they have done is "modernise" (sic) and by doing so, "helped create the conditions in which Ireland can achieve the end that Irish leaders have sought down through the centuries" (Feeney 2003, p. 442)-a united Ireland under its own rule."
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Architecture: Modernism, Pre-Modernism and Post-Modernism, 2002.
A discussion of the different movements - pre-modernism, modernism and post-modernism - in architectural history and how each one differs from the other.
2,550 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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A paper which discusses the different movements in architectural history and compares the differences between them. The paper shows how among these movements, modernism is the most popular and how it has influenced art and architecture in the United States and Europe. It shows, on the other hand, that pre-modernism is a less popular era in which architecture was influenced by the industrial age and its need for order and precision, and that Post-modernism was the movement that followed modernism and contains elements of both classicism and modernism.
From the Paper
"During the modernism movement, architects started using steel and iron more in their designs and they also started focusing on functional designs. Apart from the use of steel and iron, concrete was also brought back to the architectural world. It is important to know here that concrete is one thing that sets late 19th century buildings from pre-modernism architectural designs. While concrete was first used by the Romans in 5 B.C., it was later taken over by other materials such as marble, stone, brick etc. Modernists are responsible for the revival of concrete in architecture."
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Quebec Nationalism vs. Canadian Nationalism, 2006.
A discussion on why nationalism is stronger in Quebec than it is in the rest of Canada.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
It is very clear that nationalism is stronger in Quebec than it is in the rest of Canada. While Quebec remains a province of federal Canada, the question of seceding from Canada and becoming an independent country is never far from the agenda of most politicians in Quebec, and generates immense patriotic fervor throughout Quebec. This factor makes Quebec entirely different from other Canadian provinces. For example, we never hear talk of British Columbia seceding from Canada and becoming the Republic of British Columbia. In order to understand this peculiar situation, this paper investigates Canada's past and, specifically, the history of Quebec with Canada.
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