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History of Computing: The Development of LEO, 2008.
A discussion of the history of LEO, the first business computer.
2,260 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the development and history of LEO, the world's first business computer. LEO was developed by the British catering company J. Lyons, initially through the establishment of a systems research office, which was assigned the task of identifying what potential business improvements could be made by changing processes. Lyons recognized that not only could changing business processes be best achieved by automating the process, the large development costs involved could be recouped because greater automation meant greater efficiency and thus a higher profit margin.
LEO's development began just after the end of the Second World War when Thomas Thompson and Oliver Standingford reported to the J. Lyons board of directors that business office efficiency could be greatly improved by the use of electronic computers. LEO was ready for operations in 1953, and was followed by the appearance of LEO II in 1957 and LEO III in the early 1960's. Ultimately, the paper concludes, LEO could not compete with much larger computer vendors as the computer revolution intensified and expanded, but it is justifiably recognized as the pioneering computer system that began this revolutionary era in business.
Outline:
The Development of LEO through Time
LEO's Influence and Application in the World of Business
Technological Description
From the Paper
"As LEO systems developed over time, J. Lyons designers and consultants were guided by the important recognition that unlike most of the computer industry at this time, LEO's approach to computer design and incorporation into business was application-based, not technology-based. In terms of technology, LEO could not compete head to head with computer industry rivals, so J. Lyons' innovative approach to business processes was adapted as LEO evolved into LEO II and LEO III."
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Computer Program Development, 2000.
A discussion of computer program development across multiple programming language paradigms.
2,430 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper is a discussion of four major programming paradigms in computer language: imperative/procedural, functional/applicative, logic/declarative, and object-oriented. Programs which fall into each of these categories are analyzed.
From the Paper
"Throughout the course of human evolution, mankind has continuously sought to create tools which simplify and improve their lives. The development of the first computing machines and their offspring perfectly reflect this sentiment. As computers have continued to become more complex, programmers have labored to develop computer languages which further unlock the power of the computer and allow easier development of complex applications. This has partially been accomplished by creating a plethora of computing languages which attempt to simplify life for the computer programmer. Each language is designed to allow relatively easy development of solutions to a given type of computing problem. As a result, several computer language paradigms have been tailored to allow efficient program development within each of these various categories. Naturally, some computer languages are better at solving a given problem than others since each language was designed to appeal to a perceived programming niche. In today?s world of computer languages, four major programming paradigms ( imperative/procedural, functional/applicative, logic/declarative, and object-oriented ) have evolved which are desirable to solve certain types of computing problems, but are horribly inadequate for solving others."
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Konrad Zuse and the Development of Early Computers, 2007.
A discussion of Konrad Zuse and the development of early of computers.
1,703 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the work of Konrad Zuse who invented the world's first functional program-controlled computer. It explains how Zuse built his first prototype computer in 1936-38 using small metal plates as the key components, calling it the Z1. The paper also examines Zuse's remarkable advances in computer science and explains the development of each computer - from the Z1 to the Z4. Additionally, the paper looks at Konrad Zuse's company, Zuse KG.
From the Paper
"In the twenty first century, computers are so ubiquitous that it requires serious thought to envision the pre-computer world, or to realize the difficulties faced in developing the first computers. One of those responsible for several key early developments in computers has left us his first computer. Considering this crude device and reviewing the difficulties involved with that machine and its successor machines, we can perhaps grasp the obstacles early computer developers faced."
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Developing Computer and Information Systems, 2007.
A look at the methodology used to develop computer systems in a single-user or multi-user environment.
1,602 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper introduces the methodology used to develop systems in either a single-user or a multi-user environment and looks at the system development life cycle (SDLC). Using a fictitious business called Riordan Industries, the paper details the areas of the business to be improved, identification of the purpose of the project, the stakeholders associated with the project and process flow charts, procedures, or policy statements to articulate the business requirements in terms of specific process or business development needs.
Outline:
Abstract
Areas Needing Improvement
Purpose
Stakeholders
Business Requirements
Specifications
Summation of the Project Proposal
From the Paper
"Riordan Manufacturing is a multi-million dollar plastics manufacturing company. In operation since 1991, Riordan has grown and expanded exponentially resulting in production facilities in California, Georgia, Michigan, and China. Each production facility produces specific items such as beverage containers, fans, heart valves, medical stints, and custom plastic parts. Each production facility also uses different stand-alone computer operating systems."
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Recent Developments and Applications for Computers, 1993.
Discusses the fierce competition in the modern computer industry, as companies routinely find their new products pirated, cloned, or rendered obsolete with rapidity.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"INTRODUCTION
The computer has developed over the past fifty years or so first slowly and then with great rapidity as new developments signaled changes in structure and operation. Computers have been made smaller and more powerful until many people have on their desk at home a computer more powerful than the largest mainframe of the 1950s. These advances have been made by a number of new and developing companies, notably those in the so-called Silicon Valley near San Francisco. These companies are in fierce competition for new designs, more powerful hardware, more versatile computer chips, and more inventive software. The underlying principles of computers are well understood, and every computer thus shares certain characteristics. Different companies develop different advantages, however, in terms of the specific ..."
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Development in Developing Countries, 2005.
A study of domestic factors constraining development in developing countries.
1,120 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The domestic factors that hold back development in a country usually emanate from bad or weak governance giving rise to conditions such as violence and armed conflict, widespread corruption, lack of infrastructure, lack of social cohesion, weak institutions, and urban bias, among others. In this paper, the writer examines some of these "internal" factors that constraint development and promote poverty in the developing countries.
Outline:
Introduction
Theories about Underdevelopment
Lack of Good Governance
1. Violence
2. Corruption
3. Over-population
4. Urban Bias
5. Lack of Infrastructure, Weak Institutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are different theories about what causes underdevelopment in a country but there is no agreement among social scientists and economists about them. The cultural background, ideologies and biases usually determine the beliefs of individuals about these theories. People and experts in the developing countries tend to believe the ?external? theories for underdevelopment that emphasize factors such as an unjust world order and the effects of colonization and Western exploitation for their underdevelopment. The experts in the developed world consist mainly of ?internal theorists? who highlight the intrinsic cultural values and aptitudes of the people and the behavior and policies of the ruling elite that constraint development. They believe that lack of legal structures and strong institutions in the underdeveloped world generally lead to a break down in the rule of law which, in turn, promote corruption, exploitation of the weak and vulnerable, and an environment of chaos and anarchy?all of them combining to block development. "
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Economic Development Strategies of Developing Countries, 2002.
An examination of the economic and political results of the adoption of one of 3 different strategies: Structuralism, Neoliberalism, Marxism.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Examines economic & polotical results of adoption of one of 3 different strategies: Structuralism, Neoliberalism, Marxism. Focus on 3 countries: Cuba, Argentina, Chile. Describes the 3 strategy thories & how the 3 countries under consideration used them regarding economic growth & reduction of economic inequalities. Problems & outcomes.
From the Paper
"Since World War II, developing countries in the South have been provided with the option of adopting one of three different economic development strategies: structuralism, neoliberalism, and Marxism. The purpose of this essay is to examine the economic and political results engendered by each approach and to determine what these results suggest for future economic policy choices in the region. Three countries lend themselves to this analysis. Cuba, particularly since the overthrow of the Batista regime and the establishment of Castro's Marxist government, has pursued economic development along Marxist lines (Perez-Lopez, 1997). In Argentina, a structuralist economic order under Juan Peron gave way to a neoliberalist orientation (Smith, 1991). In Chile, a neoliberal experiment between 1974 and 1990 took place and this experiment has led to structural change in the national economy..."
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Innovation Of Dell Computer And Gateway Computer, 2002.
This Management strategy and Policy level paper is on the Innovation Of Dell Computer And Gateway Computer and focuses on the strategies adopted by both Dell Computer and Gateway Computer, to establish a well define position in the global computer market.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This Management strategy and Policy level paper is on the Innovation Of Dell Computer And Gateway Computer and focuses on the strategies adopted by both Dell Computer and Gateway Computer, to establish a well define position in the global computer market. This paper also focuses on the comparison between innovations made by both the industries. It also reviews the factors responsible for setting back Gateway Computer to Dell Computer.
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Innovation Of Dell Computer And Gateway Computer, 2002.
This management strategy and policy level paper is on the innovation of Dell Computer and Gateway Computer and focuses on the strategies adopted by both Dell Computer and Gateway Computer to establish a well defined position in the global computer market.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This Management strategy and Policy level paper is on the Innovation Of Dell Computer And Gateway Computer and focuses on the strategies adopted by both Dell Computer and Gateway Computer, to establish a well defined position in the global computer market. This paper also focuses on the comparison between innovations made by both the industries. It also reviews the factors responsible for setting back Gateway Computer to Dell Computer.
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Market Research In Developing/Developed Economies, 2005.
This paper looks at the difference in conducting market research in developing or developed economies.
2,712 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 20 sources, $ 95.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer describes the importance of the function of market research. The writer then considers differences in conducting market research in developing or emerging economies and developed economies.
From the Paper
"Market research is an increasingly important function in many organizations. Companies are seeking ways to find out about the needs desires and demand characteristics of their markets, as well as how to identify new markets for products and services. Traditionally, market research has been conducted in the home market of organizations or in those markets that are similar to the home markets. This is due to the overwhelming emphasis on domestic sales historically and the difficulties inherent in moving into the ... "
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Dell Computers and the Computer Industry, 2005.
Examines the success of this company within the computer segment.
2,489 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
Dell Computers is one of the great success stories of the microcomputer revolution. Starting with only $1000 in capital, Michael Dell built a computer manufacturer which is one of the most successful, and which changed the way that computer manufacturers provide products to consumers. The paper shows that the company's success illustrates the effect that a strong and charismatic leader can have on an organization, and Dell Computers bears the unforgettable imprint of its founder. This research examines the factors which have made Dell successful, considers the state of the computer industry today, and offers recommendations for Dell's strategy in the future.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Background of Dell Computers
Analysis of Computer Industry
Threat of New Entrants
Rivalry Among Existing Firms
Threat of Substitute Products
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
STEP Analysis
Technological Factors
Economic Factors
Political Factors
Recommended Strategy for Dell Computer
References
From the Paper
"The threat of new entrants into the microcomputer market is relatively low. This is because of the high cost of marketing microcomputers when there is little or no brand identification already established, and because the market share for existing firms is being consolidated. The industry itself has changed considerably from when Gateway 2000 entered the market (the most recent entrant of significance), and the price pressures that exist in the market are likely to discourage companies which do not have a solid financial basis on which to base their entrance (Feibus, 1998, p. 69)."
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Dell Computers and the Computer Industry, 2002.
Examines the creation of this computer firm and its place in the world's computer industry.
2,503 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
Dell Computers is one of the great success stories of the microcomputer revolution. The paper first traces the founding of Dell Computers by entrepreneur Michael Dell. It then analyzes the general computer industry, focusing on five factors: threat of new entrants, rivalry among existing firms, threat of substitute products, bargaining powers of buyers and bargaining powers of suppliers. Finally, the paper performs a STEP (social, technological, economical and political factors) analysis of Dell Computers.
From the Paper
"The American economy is enjoying a period of stable growth that is characterized by stable interest rates and low inflation. Prices for personal computers have been dropping as manufacturers are eager to gain market share and are able to take advantage of declining cost schedules. In 1998, personal computers could be found in 43 percent of American homes; this represents a substantial increase from the 40 percent for the three years previous. It is estimated that 60 percent of American homes will have personal computers by 2002 as prices continue to decline. The decline in prices makes it possible for increased numbers of Americans to afford the machines; the attractiveness of the Web and other benefits fuels the demand for these lower-priced computers (Burrows, 1998, p. 28)."
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Telecommuting for a Software Development Firm, 2002.
An analytical report examining the feasibility of implementing a telecommuting program for a computer software-development company.
956 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This study investigates the effect a telecommuting program would have on the creative process in the development of computer software, on the productivity of software development teams and on the organizational commitment of software development employees. The research shows that telecommuting had statistically significant negative effects on two aspects of creativity ? workgroup synergy and exchange of ideas, but has no significant effects on either individual creativity or workgroup creativity. With respect to productivity, the research shows that telecommuting has statistically significant negative effects on two aspects of the productivity dimension ? keeping workgroup members aware of design changes and perceptions of workgroup productivity, but has no significant effects on either keeping workgroup members abreast of project status or an individual?s perception of her or his personal productivity. The conclusion drawn in this paper is that software development firms should not implement telecommuting programs in the absence of intensive research to develop strategies to overcome the problems identified in this study. The study recommends the conduct of further research into the issue of the effects of telecommuting on employee commitment. The paper uses numerous tables.
From the Paper
"As stated in the proposal for this project, the study investigated three research questions. These three research questions assess the effects of telecommuting on creativity, productivity, and commitment. An experimental design allowed the measurement of the perceptions of the effects on creativity, productivity, and commitment of software developer workgroup members as both on-site workers and as telecommuting workers. Comparing these perceptions through the application of quantitative analysis provided answers to the research questions investigated. The software developer workgroup consisted of 16 members. A data collection instrument administered to the workgroup members following both an on-site project and a telecommuting project provided the data required to assess the research questions. The appendix to this report contains a copy of the data collection instrument. Questions one through four related to the creativity issue, while questions five through eight related to the productivity issue, and questions nine through 12 relate to the commitment issue."
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The History and Development of the UNIVAC, 2008.
An examination of the history of the UNIVAC (universal automatic computer) and its role in the development of the world of technology.
1,541 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history and development of the universal automatic computer, the UNIVAC. It describes the new possibilities that were opened up with the UNIVAC for companies and organizations in the US and shows how the UNIVAC paved the way for further funding and development of computers that have led to the modern digital age.
From the Paper
"The UNIVAC entered the public spotlight when CBS used it to cover the 1952 presidential election. Reports vary, but UNIVAC predicted the outcome of the election at around 8:30 PM the night of the election after only 1-5% of the votes had been officially counted (Cho, 2004; Deagon, 2001). Onlookers, even at Remington Rand, were dubious that the computer could produce accurate results with such a limited amount of data so quickly. Despite this skepticism, the programming and computational prowess of the UNIVAC ultimately proved accurate. The prediction it made was based on the available counted votes, the history of returns in presidential elections, and past voting habits of people throughout the nation. UNIVAC's original prediction was that Eisenhower would best Adlai Stevenson in the election by a significant margin. UNIVAC predicted 438 electoral votes would go to Eisenhower and only 93 for Stevenson, with 100 to 1 odds in favor of Eisenhower (Cho, 2004)."
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CIDA's Role in International Development, 2005.
This essay examines the part that the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) plays
in the assistance and development of under-developed countries.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the role that the Canadian International Development Agency plays in the development of under-developed countries. CIDA's involvement includes measures to reduce poverty, decrease infant mortality rates, and increase political and economic development. CIDA signed an agreement with other donor nations that emphasizes international involvement in the pursuit of global equality, access to health and education, and improving basic living standards.
From the Paper
" Although the triumph of democracy post cold war helped trigger the global economic boom, developing democracies have benefited least from trade and investment. It is crucial for the international donor community to address potential problems of new policies for promoting democratization of developing countries, otherwise risk losing financial and strategic investments between donors and under-developed countries. The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) values social justice, peace and humanitarianism."
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