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Artistotle?s "History of Animals", 2004.
A look at Aristotle?s contribution to zoology through a review of his "History of Animals".
785 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, aside from philosophy and the more psychological arts, Aristotle?s greatest contribution to modern science is probably his writings on zoology. It looks at how, in the nine books of his "History of Animals", Aristotle observes animals in their habitats and uses dissection to discover the mysteries inside the animal body. Many of his conclusions regarding the nature, habits, and evolution of animals were, indeed, conducive to the conclusions that led to the science we know today.
From the Paper
"In his scientific research, Aristotle established scientific methodology today. He for example used dialectical (based on logical deduction) and empirical (practical) arguments to present his research findings. He furthermore used detailed observation and dissection in order to present clear and scientific arguments in his work. He was in fact the first scientist to make extensive use of dissection for his studies. This practice enabled Aristotle to describe phenomena such as the embryological development of a chick, to distinguish dolphins from fish and to describe the chambered stomachs of ruminants. He was also able to examine the social organization of bees, and he noticed that some sharks give birth to live young."
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Animal Rights/Animal Liberation, 1999.
Defends the ethical basis for the animal rights movement in their fight against the use of animals in research, based on ecocentric philosophy.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 16 sources, $ 95.95
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Abstract
Serious questions have been raised about the ethical justification of the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings. Moral condemnation for the use of animals to benefit humans, however, is not the principal point of such questions. The issue of the use of animals in research is an integral part of the framework of animal rights/animal liberation within the larger structure of environmental ethics. This research defends the ethical framework of animal rights/ animal liberation. The primary focus in this defense is on the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings
From the Paper
"ANIMAL RIGHTS/ANIMAL LIBERATION: AN ETHICAL DEFENSE
Introduction
Serious questions have been raised about the ethical justification of the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings. Moral condemnation for the use of animals to benefit humans, however, is not the principal point of such questions. The issue of the use of animals in research is an integral part of the framework of animal rights/animal liberation within the larger structure of environmental ethics. This research defends the ethical framework of animal rights/ animal liberation. The primary focus in this defense is on the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings.
The Ethical Basis of Animal Rights/Animal Liberation ..."
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Animal Testing in the United States, 2000.
Examines the procedures and rules governing animal testing, reviews alternative methods and looks at the history of the animal rights movement.
3,795 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 35 sources, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper covers the history of the modern animal rights movement and examines and evaluates the current federal legislation regarding all aspects of animal testing and treatment of laboratory animals. Individual animal tests and alternatives to using laboratory animals are discussed from different viewpoints. Reasons for either supporting or condemning many different types of animal tests in the areas of medicine, cosmetics and scientific research are looked at.
From the Paper
This paper covers the history of the modern animal rights movement and examines and evaluates the current federal legislation regarding all aspects of animal testing and treatment of laboratory animals. Individual animal tests and alternatives to using laboratory animals are discussed from different viewpoints. Reasons for either supporting or condemning many different types of animal tests in the areas of medicine, cosmetics and scientific research are looked at.
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Can Animation Replace Real Actors?, 2005.
A look at the concern in the movie industry that digital animation will eventually eliminate the need for real actors.
2,031 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a look at the history of animation, focusing special attention on the history of computer animation. The paper explains the advances in technology that have helped improve computer animation techniques and then takes a look at some of the ethical questions that have developed regarding the use of computer animation. The paper then discusses one of the primary concerns, the fear that this type of animation will replace real actors, and explains why actors really have no reason to feel threatened by computer animation.
From the Paper
"Visual representation of ideas, history, and stories has been an important part of human culture since prehistoric times, when cave paintings and other primitive drawings were used to record and relive events. As human culture developed, so did the visual arts, and primitive cave paintings gave way to more complex drawings, paintings, and engravings that told stories ranging from epic mythological tales to a simple moment from daily life. While a talented artist has always been able to bring drawings ?to life? and have a sense of movement in the work, actual animation has its roots in the 1800s. Devices such as the zoetrope, also known as the ?wheel of life,? were simple and used a cylinder with slits in the sides to make the drawings inside appear to move when a person peered through the sides as it spun."
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Turning Points in History, 2005.
This paper selects two turning points in Western history in each of these periods: The period of Greece and Rome, the period of the Dark Ages and the Renaissance and the period of the Reformation and Enlightenment.
3,840 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the author chose different turning points, moving away from victories on the battle-fields or conquests of uncharted territories to persons whose life's work moved forward the essential difference that separates man from lower orders of animals: Thought and reasoning. The author points out that, in the Hellenic Age of philosophy and art, when the mind for the first time in recorded history developed the first formation of moral and ethical standards, Plato and the advent of Christianity through Jesus were selected. The paper also selected as the turning points, in the Dark Ages, the adventurous merchant, son of Venetian merchants, Marco Polo; in the Italian Renaissance, Leonardo da Vinci; in the Reformation, Martin Luther and, in Age of Enlightenment; Thomas Jefferson.
Table of Contents
Two Turning Points in Western Civilization: Greece and Rome
Two Turning Points: The Era of the Dark Ages to the Renaissance
Two Turning Points: Reformation and Enlightenment
Some Conclusions Concerning the Various Turning Points
From the Paper
" DaVinci was born as an illegitimate child in Vinci,. Italy, in 1452. While we tend to consider the Mona Lisa as his most significant work, he did so many things, outside the world of painting and there is so much distortion about his accomplishments that he has become known as "the Hamlet of art history, whom each of us must recreate for ourselves. He is justly well-known for his drawings, especially how life-like his anatomical representations are. He advised students of painting that "It is necessary to know the inner structure of man." However, when one lists his accomplishments and innovations outside Art, he is a most remarkable creative Human...truly the outstanding example of a "Renaissance Man". To begin with, he ante-dated Galileo and Copernicus when he said "the sun does not move.""
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The Cultural Semiotics of Animation, 2008.
An analysis of the use of animation in pop-culture devices such as advertising.
1,269 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the relationship between cultural semiotics and animation within the context of anthropology. It specifically looks at the use of animation in pop-culture devices such as advertising and marketing material. The paper also discusses the complexity of animation, as a system of communication and the use of semiology in artistic endeavors, such as communication.
From the Paper
"The level of communication taking place within contemporary animation is often equated to the subtext within semiotic constructs. Beasley and Danesi describe this sub-textual transfer of meaning as being connotative in nature and often relying on associative chains where meaning or signifier is established through storylines (104). Barthes clearly provides the theoretical foundation upon which animators, as indicated by Beasley, Danesi, and Ohmann, develop their unique language constructs that both rely on cultural associations with meaning as well as develop new cultural queues that became part of the popular folklore such as Red Bull's business man and pigeon animation. Yet, other researchers argue that contemporary animation is nothing but a retelling of existing myth that resonates culturally with the societies."
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Computer Animation, 2003.
A discussion on computer animation as an attention getting device.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the use of images, animation, DHTML, Flash and other motion effects on the computer screen. It defines computer animation and its principal application on the Internet as an attention getting device, which are meant to support a site's commercial features.
From the Paper
"This research examines the status and use of motion effects on the Internet notably the use of images animation .DHTML flash and other attributes of the GUI that have to do with creating motion effects on the computer screen. The research will set forth a ..."
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The Use of Animals in George Orwell's "Animal Farm", 2001.
This paper looks at George Orwell's novel, "Animal Farm."
1,105 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth examination of George Orwell's use of animal characters in his novel, "Animal Farm." The use of animals as metaphor is also detailed. The author looks at the political environment at the time the book was written and at the message the author was trying to convey to his readers.
From the Paper
"Animals are not simply seen as innocent. Common stereotypes about animals tie into their roles in the story nicely. For example, in many countries pigs are often seen as lazy and greedy animals that like to hog resources. Fittingly, in the novel we are told that first the milk and apples, prized delicacies among the animals, were taken by the pigs, with the false explanation that ?milk and apples (this has been proved by Science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig? (27). Later, the pigs award themselves the privilege of waking up an hour after all the other animals and sleeping in ?very comfortable beds?, and they again spread propaganda and create false reasons for their actions (50)."
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History of Animation, 2002.
A history of the development of animated films from 1889 until the present.
1,430 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the invention of animation in the 1880's and explores the popularity of cartoon productions in the aftermath of World War I. The paper discusses technological advancements in the animation industry such as color, sound, and voice and shows its impact on the popularity of cartoons. The paper discusses the first animated feature film and explores social discrimination in cartoons, focusing on racial discrimination towards African Americans.
From the Paper
"Animation was first attempted in 1906. A commercial artist, J. Stuart Blackman, created his small animation attempt called "Humorous Phases of Funny Faces" (Finch 23). However, Emile Cohl, who may not be the first animator, is recognized for being the first to do individual frame-to-frame drawings in animation. "Mr. Stop" was his first cartoon. Although he knew that he was not such a good illustrator, he helped invent this style of animation (Heraldson 24)."
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Special Effects, Animation and Jurassic Park, 2007.
This paper describes the revolutionary dinosaur images in Stephen Spielberg's 1993 film, "Jurassic Park."
1,569 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the revolutionary special effects and animation used in Spielberg's film, "Jurassic Park." The paper reveals that this film opened the door to a new, eye-popping kind of realism in animation for movie audiences. The paper describes the realism of the dinosaurs and attributes this to the special effects creators, the contractors of the Industrial Light and Magic (ILM) group. The paper examines the technology that ILM used in order to produce such realistic computer-generated images.
From the Paper
"In just about every retail store in America the marketing barrage featured JP action figures, lunch kits, videogames, candy, posters, latex masks, playing cards, children's toiletries, and more, according to Washington State University professor Michael Delahoyde (www.wsu.edu). But it is possible JP would have turned a record profit anyway (it made $870 million worldwide and cost $63 million to produce), without all the marketing trappings, because the animation was so intense and realistic. It was almost like these dinosaurs could walk off the screen and into the lobby where popcorn was being sold."
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Disney Animation, 1991.
This paper discusses the evolution and growth of cartoon innovator Walt Disney's work from 1920s through 1991.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Walt Disney's ingenuity led to many ideas involving talking mice, flying elephants, and the laughter of children. The history and success of animation involves the contribution of many people and companies. This report, however, will focus on the growth of Disney animation and will highlight some important achievements. Animation has grown tremendously since Walt Disney first created Oswald the Lucky Rabbit and Alice Comedies in the early 1920's. Steamboat Willie--the first cartoon to feature synchronized sound--introduced Mickey and Minnie Mouse in 1928. Mickey and Minnie were joined shortly after by other Disney characters, beginning with Pluto in 1930 and Goofy in 1932. With the introduction of Goofy, Disney also became the first to add full color to cartoons. Donald Duck made his debut in 1934 and ,,, "
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Genetic Cloning, 2007.
An examination of the history of animal cloning and the debate against its use.
1,164 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed exploration of genetically cloned food sources. The writer focuses on genetically cloned cattle, and other animals that will be used for food. It begins by explaining the facts about cloning and how animals are cloned, as well as the history behind the process. The paper then explains the concerns regarding cloning animals, that are still being debated.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History
The Facts
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While cloning of animals for food purposes sounds like something out of a science fiction movie, to many, the actual facts of the process are much less daunting. The animal that is cloned will have the exact same genetic-DNA copy as the donor animal has."
"It is done through a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. During this process genes from the donor animal are removed and then inserted into an egg cell that has already had its nucleus removed. After the lab handles some housekeeping steps to insure egg viability the egg is then placed into a surrogate birthing animal (Temple pp).
It is not completely unlike invitro fertilization with a few exceptions about the way the egg is fertilized."
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Druidism and Animal Experimentation, 2004.
A discussion on Druidic attitudes towards animals and animal experimentation.
799 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, from a Druidic stand-point, animal experimentation and testing on animals would be deemed unethical, immoral, and against the beliefs and teachings of Druidism. It looks at how many modern Druids would probably reiterate that it is indeed against their beliefs, due to their strong ties to nature and the animal world. It discusses how, although some may argue that sacrifices played a role in Druidism, Druid rituals actually only required the use of animal bones or skins; animals were never used to experiment upon or abused for trophies. It also explores how Druids used animal remains and plants for medicinal reasons, as well as religious purposes.
From the Paper
"By all accounts, Druids lived close to nature, where Nature and animals played a key role in their beliefs. They did not believe in fighting or war, but more in education and the sciences of philosophy, astronomy and poetry. There was a strong bond between man and animal, with many of the deities in Druidism had physical similarities to animals. Elements of nature ?were inhabited by guardian spirits? (Pollack, pg226) and ?the importance of animals in the religious life can also be seen in the fact that of the eight Druid festivals of the year, four of them, known as the Fire Festivals, are particularly related to the pastoral life of animal rearing and agriculture? (Carr-Gomm, pg8)."
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Psychological and Behavioral Processes in Humans and Animals, 2002.
This paper compares and contrasts psychological and behavioral processes of human and animals; knowledge of animals gains a deeper comprehension of the similar processes in humans.
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that both humans and animals have strong psychological needs that modify attitudes and behaviors. The author states that cognitive processes, including thinking, feeling, memorizing and perceiving, strongly influence the entire welfare of animals and humans. The paper concludes that there are acute differences between the humans and animals in their psychological processes that mutate their behavior.
From the Paper
"Research demonstrates that learning about psychological and behavioral processes of both animals and humans can greatly assist psychologists, physiologists, biologists and most of all general public in ameliorating human/animal interaction and in the successful management of all animals. Over the years, physiological processes have been studied thoroughly and paid much attention to, however, psychological needs and behavioral processes associated to them have neither been examined nor researched, thereby neglecting the most cardinal facet of both animal and human behavior for exploration of the same proves that animals like humans have strong psychological needs that modify and determine their behavior."
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Animal Experimentation, 2002.
This paper discusses the problems of cruelty to animals through animal experimentation.
515 words (approx. 2.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper states that about 20 million animals are cruelly killed per year for product testing. The author feels that alternative means of testing can be used.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Death and Injury Rate
Drug Testing
Horror in the Lab
Tests Performed
Alternatives
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It?s hard to imagine the cruelty some animals are subjected to during experimentation. Last year, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, a researcher was videotaped ?using scissors to cut the heads off conscious, unanaesthetized animals before removing their brains (Heyde, 2002).? The researcher admitted doing it for convenience, though it violated university protocol."
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