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Hermeneutics: A Critical Approach to Literature, 2002.
Examines the study of Hermeneutics and how this philosophy can be used to analyze literature from a different perspective.
2,014 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper defines Hermeneutics as "the theory or philosophy of the interpretation of meaning". This paper examines the origins of this philosophy in order to better understand its uses today. After discussing the major contributors to the development of this study, the paper mentions some writings which provide a hermetical analysis of literature. These include Leonard Orr?s "De-structuring the Novel: Essays in Applied Postmodern Hermeneutics" and Hans-Georg Gadamer's "Dialogue and Dialectic: Eight Hermeneutical Studies on Plato".
From the Paper
"Furthermore, hermeneutical criticism is often compared to a dialogue. The reader and the text respond to each other until understanding is reached. This hermeneutic conversation avoids the one-sidedness that is associated with other critical approaches. Gadamer believes that it allows the interpreter to use questions as the "universal mediator in the dialectic between the prejudice prior to the encounter with the work and the new element which denounces it . . .?(Orr Dictionary 231). Theorists refer to the conversation between the interpreter and text as spiel (game or play). But David Haliburton warns that calling this interaction play does not ?reduce it to a hedonistic pastime . . . playing is a high and serious act" (Orr Dictionary 232). And unlike other types of play, such as chess, the game is an ongoing process that never ends."
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Gadamer's Hermeneutics, 2005.
An overview of Hans-Georg Gadamer's approach to hermeneutics, summarising his main ideas and important points regarding interpretation and understanding.
832 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
Hermeneutics is the art of understanding or interpretation. This paper discusses hermeneutics in terms of Gadamer's book, "Hermeneutics, Tradition and Reason." It attempts to define hermeneutics and discusses other ideas that Gadamer suggests are important, such as horizon, subjectivism and dialogical structure of understanding. It also examines a critique by German philosopher, Jurgen Habarmas against Gadamer and his hermeneutics.
From the Paper
"Gadamer believes that our understanding of beings and things should not be limited to just the objective conditions that make knowledge possible (as Kant had originally thought), but instead and more importantly, a long process of interpretation, which is in fact neither subjective or objective as it involves the interaction of both the individual or subject and the object to be interpreted. The object in question could be an image, ritual or anything that can be interpreted. The idea of interpretation as a necessary tool for understanding is important for other philosophers such as Heidegger who also believed that language becomes central to Dasein's existence (to be there). "
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Christian Hermeneutics, 2006.
This paper discusses 'Christian hermeneutics', presenting both a definition of the term and an explanation of the purpose of hermeneutics.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Christian hermeneutics, explaining that it is an involved process that requires a significant effort on the part of the reader in order to make a correct interpretation of the Biblical text. The paper further explains that one of the most effective ways to interpret Biblical text is through the grammatical historical method. Using this method the reader interprets the text in terms of the grammar of the original language of the Biblical passage and then interprets it using the context of that passage writer.
From the Paper
"The Christian Bibles provides the guidelines by which many Christians, if not most Christians attempt to live their lives. Unfortunately, not only was the Bible written close to 2000 years ago, it was also written in at least one other language English. For these reasons, the words of the Bible are often subject to interpretation, or misinterpretation, by many special interest groups whose main purpose is to push their own agenda. The simplest explanation of the term "Christian hermeneutics" refers to the study and interpretation of the Christian Bible. According to Hank Hannegraaf, the purpose of hermeneutics is to provide a guideline and "rules" to anyone who might attempt to interpret the Bible (par. 3)."
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Hermeneutics - The Book of Esther, 2006.
An in-depth discussion regarding the reading of the biblical Book of Esther and how it represents a challenge to patriarchal authority in ancient Jewish society.
22,296 words (approx. 89.2 pages), 41 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This study provides a critical analysis of how the biblical Book of Esther can be regarded as both a challenge to, but more dominantly a reinforcement of, patriarchal authority in ancient Jewish society. The paper also discusses what the text's implications were for the ancient Jewish people as well as its legacy today.
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Aims of the Study
Research Questions
Hypothesis
Rationale in Support of the Study
Potential Contributions of the Study
Chapter 2: Discourse Analysis of the Book of Esther
Chapter 3: Sources of Power in the Ancient Near East
Power in the Ancient Near East
Feminism and Patriarchality in the Ancient Near East Society Chapter 4: Language/Power Theory Analysis of the Esther Text and Its World of Text Production
Chapter 5: Discussion
Chapter 6: Contribution of the Study
From the Paper
"From this perspective, Esther's courage and ingenuity enabled the Jews of Persia to be saved from Haman's plot to massacre them. There are also some delicious parts of the tale where irony plays an important part, such as when Haman is forced to provide the lavish parade in honor of Mordecai and ends up being hung on the same gallows that he constructed for Mordecai's execution. From another perspective, there is a sufficient amount of bloody violence, intrigue and dirty dealings in the Book of Esther to keep even a modern Mickey Spillane fan happy. In fact, some authorities have even suggested that the name Esther derived from the Hebrew word 'seter' (hidden), a foreshadowing of her ability to disguise her Jewish identity until she had won the heart of King Ahasuerus and was therefore in a position to save her people from destruction (Eisenberg 261).
Furthermore, the secular character of the Book of Esther (the divine name is never mentioned) and its strong nationalistic overtones made its admission into the biblical canon highly questionable for both Jews and Christians. From still another perspective, and apparently in response to the conspicuous absence of any reference to God in the book, the redactors of its Greek translation in the Septuagint interspersed many additional verses throughout the text that were intended to emphasize Esther's and Mordecai's religious devotion; these so-called Additions to the Book of Esther do not appear in the Hebrew Bible, but are treated as canonical in Roman Catholic Bibles, and are placed in the Apocrypha in Protestant Bibles (Faherty 2-3) (see Additions to the Book of Esther at Appendix A). In his book, Invitation to the Apocrypha, Harrington (1999) reports that, "The Hebrew Esther is canonical for Jews and Protestants. In the Roman Catholic and Greek and Russian Orthodox churches, the expanded Greek version with the additions is the canonical form. The canonical status of Esther was debated in antiquity among both Jews and Christians. It is the only book in the Hebrew Bible not represented among the Dead Sea Scrolls. Indeed, the revised and expanded Greek version of Esther was most likely produced to make the book more acceptable" (53)."
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The Hermeneutical View of Paul Ricoeur, 2002.
A look at the hermeneutical view of Paul Ricoeur, based on his work, "From Text to Action: Essays in Hermeneutics, II".
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This six-page paper discusses the hermeneutical view of Paul Ricoeur, based on his work, "From Text to Action: Essays in Hermeneutics, II". Ricoeur's hermeneutics of text was directly related to self-understanding. To Ricoeur, the question of being was important, and even in his understanding of phenomenology was buried his interest in knowing oneself by way of one's experiences.
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Responsive Classroom Approach, 2005.
An overview and analysis of an approach to teaching in the classroom termed the "responsive classroom approach".
4,000 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed literature review on the topic of "responsive classroom approach". Using sources that research the responsive classroom approach to teaching, the author explores the approach and evaluates school climate when the approach is implemented. The author also examines the perception of school climate using responsive classroom approach from the standpoint of teachers, students and parents.
Outline
Create Rules with your Class
Keep the Rules Simple
Teacher Language is Powerful
Take Time for Reflection
Childhood Education
From the Paper
"The responsive classroom approach is one that has recently received attention nationwide in American schools. The approach deals with the social patterns of students in school. In recent years there has been attention given to school problems, including bullies, schools shootings and self esteem. With the more recent problems that have garnered national attention, school systems have turned to experts to determine how best to create a warm and welcoming school climate. Social skills may not fall under the four R's but if educators do not address the problem the repercussions could be tragic."
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Approaches to Counselling, 2005.
An analysis of different approaches to counselling with a solution-focused approach.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper defines and describes the ego psychological approach and the solution focused model approach to therapy and counselling. The paper analyzes these approaches in order to help clarify the differences between them and the methods through which these approaches can be applied in practice. The paper emphasizes the success of the outcomes in therapy.
From the Paper
"In social work and counseling, the diverse needs of the clients mean that there are many distinctive therapeutic and counseling approaches that can be applied to different clients under different circumstances. Two approaches that are frequently considered when a client has a problem targeting difficult choices and making decisions based upon the best course of action are the ego psychological approach and the solution-focused model approach. This paper shall define and describe these two approaches to help clarify the differences between them and the methods through which these approaches can be applied in practice, with an emphasis on the solution-focused model approach. Solution-focused Model The solution-focused model evolved from cognitive therapies in which it is recognized that "clients are people who make choices about future acts" (De Jong & Berg, 2001, p. 362)."
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The Problem Solving Approach in Education Training, 2000.
A practicum proposal presented to programs for Higher Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements or the degree of Doctor of Education. Research conducted for teacher training in the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA).
8,667 words (approx. 34.7 pages), 26 sources, APA, $ 182.95
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Abstract
The author examines the the instructional methods used to train teachers, specifically, Palestinian teachers. The author has determined that although the UNRWA proclaims that the problem-solving approach is the best method, it has not evaluated whether the problem-solving approach produces the same or superior effects to the traditional lecture approach for training for this particular group. The author, thus, designs and proposes a method of research to answer whether student achievement on the comprehensive final examination in the UNRWA's "Teaching Methods" course will significantly differ depending upon whether students were taught using the problem-solving approach or taught using the traditional lecture approach.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background
Nature of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Significance to the Institution
Review of Related Literature
Overview
Theory of Self-Directed Learning
The Problem-solving Approach
Nature of the Approach
Research Investigating The Problem-solving Approach
Effects of the Problem-Solving Approach
Effectiveness of the Problem-solving-Approach
Factors That Maximize The Problem-Solving Approach
Methodological Considerations
Summary
Relationship to the Seminar
Research Questions
Research Hypothesis
Definitions of Terms
Methodology and Procedures
Design
Description of the Instrument
Procedures
Data Analysis
Assumptions
Limitations
Expectations
Anticipated Benefits
Improvement of the Educational Process
References
From the Paper
"Reluctance to deviate from traditional teaching methods and to learn and incorporate a new teaching philosophy and practices is a major obstacle to adoption of the problem-solving approach to teaching. Garton and Cano (1996) found that cooperating student agriculture teachers devoted less than 20 percent of instructional time to a problem-solving approach to teaching. Classroom teachers cooperating with the study spend most of their time on maintaining subject-matter interest; student teachers focused primarily on seeking information to resolve the problem."
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Philosophical Approaches, 2002.
The advantages of a rational (reason) approach vs. an emotive/intuitive approach.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines three sources that compares the rational approach of philosophy with that of the emotive approach and concludes the fact that the rational approach has greater advantages for the individual and to a greater extent the society.
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Sophist, Platonic and Aristotelian Approaches, 2002.
A look at and comparison of three different philosophical approaches - the Sophist, Platonic and Aristotelian.
647 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
Three different approaches to philosophy are the Sophist (speculation about subjects such as law, morality, ethics, politics and human rights), Platonic (on issues such love, the soul, virtue, justice, ethics and politics) and Aristotelian (an in-depth and scientific understanding of reality) approaches. By considering these three approaches in turn, this paper shows how they differ and how they show a trend in philosophical thinking. This overview of the three approaches are concluded by a consideration of which of these views most closely resembles the author's own approach to philosophical thought.
From the Paper
"Comparing these three theories shows one significant trend that occurs with the philosophical approaches. The earliest theory of Aristotle is based on a scientific and theoretical approach that attempts to determine the underlying principles of philosophy. Plato?s philosophies combine this theoretical approach with a focus on considering more meaningful issues in real life, such as love and ethics. The Sophist view then continues the trend actually rejecting the theoretical and scientific view and focusing directly on those issues that have a direct relevance to human life."
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Marxist, Feminist and Liberal Approaches, 2008.
This paper provides a comparison of Marxist, feminist and liberal approaches to social policy in Canada from the First Nations period to the present
1,465 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Marxist, liberal, and feminist approaches share a pivotal characteristic in common in that all three are concerned with the needs of the oppressed. However, the writer discusses that although these approaches are similar in certain respects, they are basically quite distinct in their identification of which social and economic needs are to be given priority, their proposed solutions to social problems, and in implementation of solutions. The writer points out that the liberal approach is especially distinct from the other two approaches since the term 'oppressed' does not so adequately fit. This paper focuses on the socioeconomic context and salient issues in New France in order to apply and illustrate those three approaches.
From the Paper
"The Marxist approach would also maintain that the state operates as a means for social control and that it serves he purposes of emerging commercial capitalism. In addition, creating a program of social services may be somewhat empowering but it also oppresses people. Another Marxist criticism of the liberal approach would be that the liberal goals of social security would impose a severe burden on habitants who were already paying a tithe to the Church. As far as the Marxist approach is concerned, the work by religious orders and especially by nuns served to promote and reinforce the class system. Nuns' origins ranged from the nobility to wealthy backgrounds, and class differences were also observed in school programs which conformed to a social hierarchy."
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Stockholder Stakeholder Approaches to Corporate Social Responsibility, 2001.
An assessment of the competing claims of the stockholder stakeholder approaches to corporate social responsibility, and a look at similarities and differences of each type of approach to responsibility.
2,515 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 10 sources, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This essay will discuss the competing claims of both the stockholder and the stakeholder approaches to corporate social responsibility. An explanation for corporate social responsibility will be provided and arguments will be put forward for similarities and differences in the stockholder and stakeholder approaches to this movement. Evidence to support these arguments will be provided throughout the essay.
From the paper:
"Before discussing the competing claims, it must be understood what is meant by the term corporate social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility is just one aspect of business ethics and has become increasingly important for companies operating in the global economy. It is a fast developing and increasingly competitive field. There is no single, commonly accepted definition of corporate social responsibility but it generally refers to the idea that businesses are accountable for the effects of their actions on the community and should seek socially and economically beneficial results. It involves operating a business in a way that meets ethical and legal standards as well as meeting public expectation. Decisions taken by managers need to satisfy the needs of the community and companies must be accountable for the way in which their results are achieved."
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Implications of a Market-Based Approach for Transplant Organs, 2002.
This paper considers the moral and economic implications of the concept of allocating organs to transplant patients on a market-based approach, contrasting it to the current waiting list approach.
2,977 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that there are economically sound justifications for considering some form of free market approach for transplant organs. It is clear that transplant organs are scarce; nature does not freely provide as many organs as transplant patients want. Moreover, from an economic point of view, there certainly is an organ shortage; the going rate for a liver is below the equilibrium or market-clearing price and so more organs are demanded than could possibly be supplied at current price levels. The paper shows that allowing an organ market to better allocate these products to as many needy patients as possible seems like an improvement upon the current system. However, the proper method of organ allocation cannot be determined without considering the ethical implications of a market-based approach. The paper, therefore, first addresses the ethical issues involved in this matter. Following this is an analysis of the economic, political and social aspects of a free market for organs.
From the Paper
"The current method of allocating transplant organs in the Unites States, under a system administered by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), involves a waiting list. In general, the sickest patients on this list will receive their organs the soonest. However, because the list is so long, most of the patients will die waiting. This situation has led to the advocacy of allowing a free market to develop for allocating transplant organs. The primary objective of this plan is to let supply and demand mechanisms determine who gets organs (and when), as a substitute for the current need-based approach. Throughout this discussion, the central characteristic of a successful alternative allocation method is considered to be a greater number of organs being made available to people in need, compared to the current waiting list approach."
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Sociological Approaches to Deviance, 2006.
This paper evaluates the approaches sociologists use to determine which behaviors are considered deviant.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the various approaches commonly used by sociologists to determine whether or not certain behaviors are indeed deviant or not deviant. The paper explores all six of them and suggests that a combination of the reactive and group evaluation approaches into something known as the synthetic approach (the last of the six approaches delineated in the paper) is the most effective way of determining what is actual deviance.
From the Paper
"There are a number of means by which sociologists endeavor to determine whether or not certain behaviors are deviant or otherwise. Specifically, there are six of them: statistical, absolutist, legalistic, reactive, group evaluation and synthetic. Of these, the last one, because it combines the worthiest features of both reactive and group evaluation approaches, is the one which comes nearest to accurately determining which acts are deviant and which acts are not. With this in mind, it is to a discussion of this important issue that we now turn. Before proceeding too far, it must be noted each of these approaches to determining whether or not an act is deviant or not deviant has something which to commend itself. For example, statistical approaches to deviance have merit insofar as actions which fall outside what would be done by the majority of the populace are, in a very strict..."
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Stakeholder Approach to Corporate Governance, 2002.
A look at the concept of corporate governance and how moving towards the stakeholder's approach would change this system.
830 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the ways in which a stakeholder approach to corporate governance would differ from the existing system of a stockholder approach in the UK. A definition of corporate governance is provided along with the differences between stakeholder and stockholder approaches to this particular issue. The extent to which a stakeholder approach would change the existing system is also investigated. References and evidence to support these arguments are provided throughout the essay.
From the Paper
"The new proposal of corporate governance is that of a stakeholder approach. The fundamental principle behind this concept is that shareholders are no longer the only members of an organisation who have an interest in the conduct and performance of the company. This is supported by Demb & Neubauer (1992) who state "corporate governance is the process by which corporations are made responsive to the rights and wishes of stakeholders". J. Kay (1995) also states "it is the purpose of companies to maximise its profits or to develop its business in the interests of customers, employees, suppliers and other stakeholders in the wider community." "
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