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Herbal Supplements and the FDA, 2005.
Examines the herbal supplement industry in the United States and their regulation by the Food and Drug Administration.
1,489 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
In the United States, the government and its agencies do not maintain the same regulation of herbal remedies in the same way that they ensure the safety of other foods and medicines. Furthermore, while these products were once the mainstay of only such minute groups as vegetarians and other counterculture types, they have now become widely popular among the general public as the widespread assumptions about their safety and naturalness has permeated contemporary society. The paper argues that, on the other hand, many professionals within the medical community conversely claim that the dietary supplement industry is selling modern day snake oil that has no proven safety or efficiency. In the end, both factions are correct, and in spite of the natural base of herbs and dietary supplements that can make these products appealing even when traditional medicines are not appropriate, these items are also powerful medicinal agents. The paper shows, therefore, that due to the public's lack of ability to make informed decisions surrounding these products, the Food and Drug Administration must be granted the same sovereignty over herbal remedies and vitamins that it maintains over other foods and medicines.
From the Paper
"Still, one reason that some people believe that it is not necessary for the government to become involved in this industry is indeed largely because of the mistaken belief that these agents are safe merely because they are natural. In fact, according to one 1997 poll, more than half of consumers who use natural remedies are convinced that they are equally as safe and effective as traditional treatments like aspirin ( Greenberger 1077). However, since 1994 there have been reports of at least 34 deaths and nearly 900 adverse reactions--including heart-rhythm disturbances, heart attacks and strokes associated with supplements that contain one herbal stimulant that is often taken to boost energy and to lose weight (Josefson 1440)."
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Dietary Supplements, 2002.
Researches the use of non-herbal supplements, with a reference to Mark McGuire, the baseball player.
2,040 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines various dietary supplements and the trend in using them focusing on the case of Mark McGuire, the baseball player.
From the Paper
"The most famous of the non-herbal supplement is the widely used and marketed, creatine. Creatine is naturally occurring amino acid produced by the kidneys and liver that is stored in the muscle cells as creatine phosphate, and the process of creatine delays fatigue and supplies quick energy for short durations. The liver produces about two grams of creatine in a day and creatine is transported through the blood stream to muscles. The Kidneys remove excess levels of creatine, which makes those athletes who already have a high muscle creatine content at no advantage by taking more creatine (Mayo 4)."
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Herbal Drugs, 2004.
This paper discusses the efficacy and safety of herbal and food supplements.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that the ever-increasing use of herbal and food supplements by the general population necessitates a careful investigation of whether or not these substances are safe and effective and what factors influence their effectiveness and safety. The author points out that there is a high prevalence of alternative supplements used in conjunction with HIV medication. This paper reports that there is a general misapprehension among users of food supplements that ?herbal? or ?natural? means that a product is inherently safe.
From the Paper
"Recent estimates indicate that the American population spends $5 billion per year for herbal supplements alone. This increased use may be due to several factors, including the perception that prescription medications are dangerous, expensive, and over-prescribed. Bauer (2000) emphasized that the growth of the herbal product industry in the United States shows no sign of slowing any time soon. Furthermore, continued use of herbal preparations by patients stresses the need for physicians to gain knowledge of the potential benefits and risks of these products as well as their ability to interact with pharmaceuticals. This knowledge will enable physicians to provide a balanced and objective view to patients seeking information on herbal and food supplements."
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Dietary Supplements.
This paper is a research proposal to determine if individuals taking supplements have accurate information regarding the effect of those supplements and if they take them even when there are no ?facts? to prove that they have the desired effect.
2,527 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that dietary supplements have grown into a major U.S. industry, one that is virtually unregulated, despite the fact that dietary supplements are supposed to have significant physical and mental effects on those who consume them. The author points out that, by the time adults begin taking supplements, most of the information they have about those supplements comes, not from what little they might have learned in school, but from companies producing and marketing those supplements, or even second-hand, via friends influenced by those same advertisements and recommend the supplements. The paper proposes a methodology that uses a self-reported survey of approximately 30 adults (25 to 65), evenly divided between men and women, to determine what supplements are taken, why, where the impetus originated, and what the respondents know or think they know about the supplements, compared to medically-based information.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review of the Literature
Power of Advertising
Youth and Supplements
Adult Supplement Studies
Theoretical Framework
Methodology
Questions for Respondent Questionnaire
Dietary Supplement Resources
From the Paper
"Of particular interest to Sardina were two herbs, ephedra or ma huang and St. John?s Wort, also known as hypericum perforatum or ?herbal Prozac.? The first of those was considered to pose a health risk, one that finally became known to a wide range of consumers, and it was removed from the market at some point after Sardina?s investigation. ) Despite the fact that the public was ill informed, Ephedra is one of the oldest known medicinal herbs, and was primarily a bronchial decongestant. In the 1940s, Ephedrine, the active ingredient in ephedra, was used to treat asthma. However, as ephedrine expands breathing passages, it constricts blood vessels, increasing arterial blood pressure, which can lead to severe hypertension, heart attack or stroke. Nor did the public know that ephedrine has a half-life between six and ten hours. With repeated use, it was possible to build up toxic levels in the body, and taking it while consuming caffeine-containing food and drink also amplified the supplement?s effect, often to a dangerous level."
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The Use of Supplements by Athletes, 2007.
This paper discusses ethics issues relating to the use of supplements by athletes.
1,715 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the use of supplements by sports athletes is only viewed as an ethical problem when the supplement becomes illicit or banned or when an athlete dies and focuses most of the time on the competitive advantage instead of the ethical question. The author presents a classical discussion of ethics and concludes that the use of performance-enhancing drugs and supplements by sports players is clearly a violation of ethical behavior. The paper states that no supplement or drug should be used or should be advised by the educator or coach to the athlete without being approved by the FDA, the sports league in question and prescribed by the attending physician of the athlete. The paper includes a table and many embedded quotations.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Ethics - Theoretical Framework
Ethics - Differentiation among Theorists
Discussion
Responsibility of Educators and Coaches of Athletes
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Milton's ethics principle was based on the 'end result' or the moral rightness of an action being determined based upon consequences having been considered. Kant believed that ethics were based upon 'rules' and that the moral rightness of an action is based upon laws and standards within society and business. Rousseau held to the social contract theory in ethics believing that the moral rightness of an action is determined through the norms and customs in the existing community and Ruber held a personalistic notion of ethics believing that the moral rightness of ones' actions can only be determined through ones' conscience."
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Vitamins and Supplements, 2008.
A discussion on whether vitamin and supplements can be considered a healthy choice or a hindrance.
933 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how vitamins and supplements are a part of many individual's daily lives. In particular, it looks at how many people hop on the health bandwagon, purchasing vitamins they see in advertisements, which claim to improve wellness and how the overall ignorance towards supplements, and the lack of consumer's research puts them at risk. It examines how there are multiple combinations of vitamins that are detrimental to the body as well as certain synthetic supplements and how manufacturers are not making any effort to slow this ignorant vitamin feeding frenzy either.
From the Paper
"The problem is not just the consumer's lack of research and information. The pharmaceutical companies are to blame as well. Vitamins, unlike drugs, are loosely regulated. The FDA just recently started regulating vitamins as foods, which is not strict at all compared to drug regulations (Marketplace). Also, vitamins are marketed as miracle supplements, making outrageous, unsupported claims, such as, "doctor-recommended," which do not actually withhold meaning, but appeal to the uneducated consumer (Jacobson 1). As far as nutritional value, these pills are not even absorbed or used by the body like food is. Also, the ingestion of certain vitamins together, can interfere with each other's absorption, which is actually unhealthy. Not to mention, the fact that many vitamins are fat soluble, meaning the fatty tissue accumulates over time, causing poisonous reactions within the liver, and resulting in serious medical consequences (Anderson). "
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Dietary Supplements: Benefits and Risks, 2007.
This paper presents findings from a study about the benefits and risks of dietary supplements.
5,641 words (approx. 22.6 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper examines a study that describes the risks and the benefits of dietary supplements. By way of the problem statement, the research questions, and the hypotheses, the research examines not only the risks and benefits of vitamins, but also the gender differences as well that are seen when it comes to who takes dietary supplements and who does not. The paper includes an extensive review of the literature.
Abstract
Chapter 1
Introduction
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Importance of the Study
Chapter 2
Review of the Literature
Chapter 3
Theoretical Framework
Chapter 4
Methodology
Sampling
Research Method
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Works Cited
From the Paper
"The risk of having any kind of adverse event, particularly one that is considered to be serious, as the result of taking a dietary supplement at the proper dosage is very low. As can be seen later within this paper, there are very few adverse events reported each year. However, that does not mean that all dietary supplements are completely safe for everyone to take and that there is no chance that an otherwise healthy person will have an adverse reaction to a supplement that was taken at the proper dosage. The problem, therefore, becomes to determine whether dietary supplements have more benefits than risks overall and should therefore be recommended for the general population."
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Vitamin Supplements and the Dietician, 2006.
Examines the need for dieticians to be concerned not only with what and how well people eat, but to clear up the confusion about "taking" vitamins either to replace foods or as supplements.
2,572 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one of the most important roles of a dietician today is to provide insight and proper guidance for taking, or not taking vitamin supplements. The paper then looks at the history of the so-called "vitamin revolution" and all of the advertisements and news generated by the media about the necessity of proper vitamin intake and then examines whether all of this media output is just hype on the part of the vitamin industry and certain health professionals. For the purposes of evaluating the reasons for all of this focus on vitamin intake, the paper concentrates on three vitamin supplements: Anti-oxidants, Vitamin C and Vitamin E.
From the Paper
"More than ever dieticians have to be concerned not only with what and how well people eat, but they have to attempt to clear up the confusion about "taking" vitamins either to replace foods, or as supplements. Perhaps there is no more important aspect of providing proper nutrition for the public in the coming years than being able to provide insight and proper guidance for taking, or NOT taking vitamin supplements. "The first line of attack for many problems is already diet-centered...Despite all the breakthroughs in nutritional research, deciding what and how to eat can still be enormously confusing.""
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Vitamin Supplements, 2002.
An argumentative thesis in favor of taking vitamin supplements.
873 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that consumers today are faced with a myriad of information concerning the safety and viability of vitamin supplements. One day the experts say one thing and the next day there are new studies by other experts. This all creates quite a dilemma for those who are trying to do the best for their bodies. The paper argues, however, that through the years there has been a steady stream of overwhelming evidence proving that vitamin supplements are helpful and beneficial for physical health, and moreover, may affect behavior. The paper uses information from various studies to prove that taking vitamins is extremely beneficial to ones health and wellbeing.
From the Paper
"For years researchers have studied the benefits of vitamin E on the skin, hair, heart, and over-all health. Now researchers have proven that vitamin E supplements could save millions of health care dollars each year. A study published in the ?American Journal of Cardiology? showed significant savings from various supplements, especially vitamin E. In a ?double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 2,002 patients?vitamin E reduced non-fatal heart attack risk by 77 percent? (Natural 1998). Researchers found a savings of $578 per patient in patients taking vitamin E supplements compared to those who took placebos. The savings were based on a reduction in hospital admissions for nonfatal heart attacks."
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Ginkgo Supplements - Human Memory and Cognitive Improvement, 2002.
A look at the argument that ginkgo is ineffective in improving memory through an article review.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper originated with a Internet article intended for a public readership and arguing that ginkgo is ineffective in improving memory, despite assorted claims to the contrary that have encouraged a multi-million dollar ginkgo industry. (MSNBC:2003). The article explains how early studies prompted considerable faith in the leaves of the ginkgo biloba tree as an aid to enhancing the mental functioning of patients diagnosed as having mild dementia; it was asserted too that mental functioning could be improved in patients without evidence of dementia or other malfunction.
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St. John's Wort, 2004.
This paper discusses the herbal supplement of St. John's Wort.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The writer presents a general overview of St. John's Wort. The writer looks at the effectiveness of the use of this herbal supplement. The paper studies the dosage and side effects of using St. John's Wort. In this article, the writer discusses the use of herbal supplements. The writer points to research indicating that the use of St. John's Wort in order to fight depression has not been validated.
From the Paper
"One of every three American adults regularly uses herbal supplements including both St. John's Wort and saw palmetto, the two most popular supplements in use today. St. John's Wort, just a few short years ago, was little more than an obscure weed growing wild in North America. Today, as Schardt has commented, St. John's Wort is one of the most common and popular 'feel-good' herbal supplements. Millions of people take it as a natural way of fighting depression. However as this brief ... "
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Herbs and Athletes, 2006.
A discussion on herbal supplements and their effects on athletes.
965 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the negative and positive effects on athletes of herbal supplements. It looks at how most herbs are marketed to athletes with little or no solid data to back up the claims for improved performance, increased muscle mass, or enhanced energy on the field. It also suggests that more research on herbs, health, and athletic performance is needed to better assess efficacy and safety.
From the Paper
"Sports-related uses of herbs include enhancing performance in prolonged endurance events, inducing muscular hypertrophy and increasing strength, decreasing body fat, speeding recovery, and improving performance in team sports (Bucci, 2000). Many athletes may use herbal products to try to aid in healing after an injury, to decrease inflammation, to manage pain, to stay more alert, and to boost immunity and optimize their chances of staying healthy in and out of season, enabling them to compete at the highest level."
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Dietary Supplementation and Calcium, 2007.
This paper discusses the use of dietary supplements, especially calcium.
751 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a brief overview of the benefits of dietary supplementation, with a specific focus on calcium supplements. The writer takes a positive view of supplements, provided the supplementation takes into consideration the individual's biology and lifestyle needs. The author also recommends that the supplements are dispensed with clear labeling and in conjunction with a health professional.
From the Paper
"Perhaps one of the reasons there is such confusion about the issue of supplementation is the broad, sweeping claims made by popular manufactures of supplements, which promise generic cure-alls rather than sound advice. Not every woman may need iron supplements, if she eats fortified grain cereals and eats red meat. The personal and inexact science of creating an ideal diet, tailored to the individual, must be communicated on supplement labels by law. The current nutritional labels that give guidelines for generic 2,000-calorie diets for daily requirements, regardless of age, background, lifestyle, and quite often gender, are often misleading."
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FDA Leveraging, 2004.
Overview of FDA leveraging policies, guidelines, and principles.
1,686 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
In this paper, FDA leveraging and the impact special interest groups could have on protection of human research subjects is discussed. Initially, an overview is provided of FDA leveraging, including a definition of leveraging and a discussion of relevant background information, basic principles, and types of partnerships involved in the process. Subsequently, the oversight of FDA leveraging is described. This is followed by a discussion of the legal and ethical issues associated with the process. Conflicts of interests (COI) as well as potential conflicts of interest are identified. After this, information is provided as to strategies to avoid the emergence of COIs. Finally, a summary of the information provided within the paper is provided.
From the Paper
"Leveraging, as implemented and utilized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has been defined as the development of relationships and/or formal agreements with others outside the FDA, designed and intended to enhance FDA's capacity to meet its public health mission. As such, leveraging within FDA represents a continuum for gaining advantage and support in fulfilling its public health goals and undertaking."
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The Dietary Supplement DMAE, 2002.
An overview of the dietary supplement DMAE and its effects on the human body.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the dietary supplement DMAE in terms of its effects on the human body. This drug is examined in brief according to its qualities, its use, and its side effects on the human body. There is a focus on how the lack of standardized research serves to negatively impact the findings of this supplement.
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