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"Hearing Lips and Seeing Voices", 2007.
An overview of this study on speech communication.
985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the journal article "Hearing Lips and Seeing Voices" by Harry McGurk and John MacDonald which was published in 1976. This was a groundbreaking study in the subject of verbal communication, that examined the ways in which verbal communication relies on not only auditory input, but visual input as well. The paper shows that this went against the common belief that verbal communication uses sound alone.
Outline:
Presentation
Discussion Questions
Works Cited
From the Paper
"One of the most interesting things revealed about verbal communication during this study is related to the different error rates among the different age groups. During the audio-only portion, preschool children had the highest error percentage, reporting the incorrect syllable nine percent of the time, while older children and adults were correct almost all of the time. However, when presented with conflicting auditory and visual input, the preschool children and school-age children had a much lower error rate than the adults."
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"What Lips My Lips have Kissed", 2007.
This paper examines the poem "What Lips My Lips have Kissed" by Edna St. Vincent Millay.
1,014 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer studies the sonnet "What Lips My Lips have Kissed" by Edna St. Vincent Millay. The writer describes that in this sonnet, the poet is lying alone on a rainy night and looking back on her life. The writer explains that she is remembering the nights when she was not alone and the men that she has had in her life. The writer demonstrates that in doing so, the poet recognizes her own loneliness. Further, the writer points out that the end result is a poem of regret that indicates that the woman's choices have forced her into a lonely life from which she now cannot escape. The writer concludes that the message of the poem is that physical relationships fade and ultimately leave one feeling empty.
From the Paper
"In the first line, the poet introduces the subject of the poem. She describes herself thinking back on the lips that she has kissed. There is an immediate sense that the poet is alone and lonely. She is thinking back on connections she has had with other people, but it also seems like she has forgotten these people. This is seen by the way she does not describe the people that she has kissed, but the lips that she has kissed. The fact that she describes her lips kissing others and not herself kissing others also suggests that she is not emotionally connected to these people. This is also seen by the way she notes that she has forgotten where she kissed the lips or why. She then moves and mentions the arms that have lain under her head until morning. Again, she is describing body parts rather than people. This emphasizes that she has forgotten the people and the relationships that occurred."
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The Hearing Process, 2002.
A discussion on the biological processes of hearing, hearing loss and the diagnosing, treating and managing of hearing loss.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The following paper provides the reader with facts and information on how sound is produced, its characteristics, the ways in which humans process it and how in turn we can prevent hearing problems by treating infections in the ear and using ear plugs in increased noise levels.
From the Paper
?We are all familiar with the three structural parts of the ear, i.e., the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. In the process of hearing, we already know that it is in the outer ear that sound waves collect and from there are moved to the middle ear by vibrating against the eardrum or tympanum membrane. In the middle ear, these sound waves are changed into a mechanical type of vibration by the tiny bones there. And in the inner ear are special so-called ?hair cells? that perceive these mechanical vibrations from the middle ear and trigger an impulse that is send to that specific part of the brain that hears. (GSLC) These ear parts are so organized as to transmit sound waves to the brain. Five steps are, thus, involved in the hearing process. which are the air conduction through the external ear to the eardrum; the bone conduction through the middle ear to the inner ear; the water conduction to the Organ of Corti; the nerve conduction into the brain; and finally, the interpretation by the brain of the message received through the sound waves?.
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Hearing Loss Among Soldiers, 2004.
An analysis of what the United States Army can do to improve on enforcing hearing protection standards to reduce hearing loss among soldiers.
6,309 words (approx. 25.2 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 147.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of hearing loss and provides suggestions regarding what can be done to help improve upon the ability of enforcing hearing protection standards in order to reduce hearing loss among soldiers. The paper claims that the military has been contending with this issue throughout its history, and the current war in Iraq will only intensify the situation regarding soldiers suffering from hearing loss or tinnitus. The paper assesses that the United States Army is in a position where it could reevaluate the entire toxic noise issue and other causes of hearing loss and establish viable preventative methods.
Outline
Introduction
Hearing Loss
Historical Situation
Current Situation
Off Duty
Illness Related
Noise Related
New Technology
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The upper echelon of ranking officials must be privy to the overall cost associated with hearing loss and lost communication as well as the other safety risk factors soldiers face once they have lost their ability to consciously hear. ?Noise-induced hearing loss is a significant unmet socioeconomic problem in industrial societies. It is estimated that 30 million individuals are exposed to injurious levels of noise each day, contributing significantly to the overall cost of hearing loss in the nation of $56B per year. In addition to loud noise of various types, many pathological conditions affecting the inner ear, such as traumatic injury, toxins, aging, infection, and some genetic conditions may be associated with the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidative stress.? (PR Newswire, 2003)"
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Hearing Aids, 2002.
Discusses various hearing aid devices.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
Discusses various hearing aid devices. Earliest forms of hearing aids and their development. Direction of future hearing aid design. First techniques and devices to combat hearing loss. Ear trumpets, the acoustic throne. How acoustic hearing aids work. Electronic and carbon hearing aids. Vacuum hearing aids. Transistors. Implant controversy.
From the Paper
"Vision and hearing may be the most critical of the five human senses in terms of everyday existence. Certainly being completely deprived of either of these two senses makes it difficult to even move about one's environment safely, and communication is made much more difficult if one lacks vision or hearing. Both senses tend to deteriorate with age, and both can be disrupted by accident, illness or from environmental factors. In the case of aging and even environmental factors (such as ongoing exposure to loud noises), the senses deteriorate over time, but with other factors, such as illness or accident, the sensory loss can be immediate. Humankind has developed various devices for assisting those who lose visual or auditory acuity, and individuals begin compensating for the loss of these senses without artificial devices..."
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Hearing Loss and Maternal Bonding, 2008.
This paper researches neonatal hearing loss and its effects on maternal interaction and bonding.
8,753 words (approx. 35.0 pages), 26 sources, APA, $ 183.95
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Abstract
The paper evaluates the effects of neonatal hearing loss on the quality of bonding with hearing parents, bonding in general, bonding of parents to special needs children, the interaction of hearing parents with the deaf infants and the psychosocial stressors on parents with special needs children. The paper reviews the procedures surrounding universal newborn hearing screening, its effectiveness and the satisfaction parents feel with currently used hearing screening processes.
Outline:
Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS)
False positives
Parent-Child Interaction
Typical Mother/Child Interaction
Attachment
Parental Stress
Methods for Assessing Interaction and Bonding
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Definitions are often helpful before a full literature review is undertaken. For the purposes of this study, we shall consider congenital permanent hearing loss to be defined as impairment > 40 decibels (dB) at the time of screen, relative to the threshold level. This level is considered significant in that hearing loss at this level is associated with greater than average deficit in verbal compared with non-verbal abilities up to 25 intelligence quotient (IQ) points (Yoshinaga-Itano, 1998)."
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"Odyssey of Hearing Loss", 2002.
A review of the book "Odyssey of Hearing Loss" which explains the various types of hearing loss and deafness.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
A book review which explains the psychological, social and spiritual facets of hearing loss. It also offers a testimony of how each of the individuals referred to emerged triumphant, via the vehicles of therapeutic dialogue and self-help measures, thus vanquishing the interplay of social forces that perpetrate the invisibility and augment the physical and mental torment of the deaf.
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Preventive Hearing Loss, 2004.
This paper is a research proposal to study preventive hearing loss programs in the U.S. Army.
6,210 words (approx. 24.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 145.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the multiple problems of preventing hearing loss in the army: (1) while the command structure demands the use of hearing protective equipment, the exigencies of military maneuvers might make it difficult for soldiers to comply readily and still carry out their major missions; (2) the loss of army audiologists; and (3) military equipment is even noisier, so that the need for protection is greater than ever before. The author states that, in order to determine what strategies the U.S. Army can take to improve HPD use and concomitantly decrease hearing loss, current instructions and sanctions regarding that issue need to be determined. The paper relates that the research methodology will examine, in one command only, the protocols for issuing HPDs and for ensuring their use, the sanctions imposed for noncompliance, and their auditory history as compared to the Army in general.
Table of Contents
Introduction and Statement of the Problem
Cost of Hearing Loss
Literature Review and Research Questions
Behavioral Issues
Technical Investigations
Methodology
Appendix A: New Generation Earcups and ANR
Appendix B: Tables of Hearing-Related Issues, U.S. Armed Forces
From the Paper
"If it were not true that the armed forces experiences many departures from perfect adherence to use of protective equipment, then the vast numbers of military audiologists deployed to increase the armed forces? capability for monitoring audiometry would not have been needed. For a long time, ?the Army had more than three times as many military audiologists than the Navy and twice as many as the Air Force. In addition, the Army has had a mainframe database of audiometric records for the last 16 years?.?. However, Ohlin noted that there had been a loss of more than 50 Army military audiologists in the decade before he wrote his report, effectively removing ?the message bearer for hearing conservation and the functional linchpin that in large programs is required to coordinate the implementation of all hearing conservation program elements.? "
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Hearing Loss, 2007.
This paper presents a short proposal about hearing loss and why it often goes untreated.
1,218 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The writer explores what previous studies have indicated about hearing loss and outlines the method that will be used for the purpose of this study. This proposal examines the hearing loss population of the United States and determines why people fail to report or seek treatment for their hearing loss. The paper explains that by understanding this phenomena, steps can be taken to educate the public on the importance of early recognition and treatment of adult hearing loss. The paper researches how many of those who are experiencing hearing loss have failed to seek medical attention or report it and why they failed to do so.
Outline:
Introduction
Hypothesis
Plan of Implementation
Literature Review
Methodology
Summary
From the Paper
"For many years it has been an accepted fact that hearing is a natural part of aging however recent history has shown society that industrialized nations have more widespread incidences of hearing loss than the less industrialized nations have. This has been attributed to the non-natural causes of hearing loss that occurs within industrialized nations. Hearing loss caused by noise and other environmental factors creates a hotbed of hearing loss in an otherwise healthy population in these countries yet it has also been found that the hearing loss often goes untreated for many years(Scherer, 1998)."
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Hearing Loss, 2006.
An analysis of different studies about hearing loss.
1,696 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how hearing loss is a physical impediment that leads to the defective function or the total loss of the sense of audition. It looks at how the type and extent of hearing loss varies in each individual, depending on age of onset of the health condition and the factors that triggered the onset and how several factors, which may be hereditary or environmental, can hasten the occurrence of a loss of hearing. In particular, it examines how different research institutes have come up with various kinds of medical and social services to ease the adjustment of people with hearing impediments.
From the Paper
"It is initially essential to know that there are two general kinds of hearing loss: deafness and hard of hearing, the former being less severe than the latter because some residual hearing is still present to keep an individual's audition, or sense of hearing, functional, although already defective. Deafness, on the other hand, is worse, since as Hardman, Drew and Egan (2005) refer to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, deafness is defined as a "leading impairment which is so severe that the child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing with or without amplification, which adversely affects educational performance" (p. 411)."
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Language and Literacy Acquisition in Hearing Impaired Children, 2000.
An exploration of recent research into fostering language acquisition in the deaf and hearing-impaired.
2,521 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
Many factors determine how a hearing-impaired child will acquire language skills, including the severity of the hearing disability, the age of onset, whether the child has hearing or deaf parents, the technology to which the child has access, and the home and school environments, among others. This paper explores various methods of teaching deaf students, including manual languages such as ASL and codes such as SEE 1, the oral approach, speech reading, and total communication. Each can be effective alone or in combination. In addition, there are various ways schools and parents can facilitate the language and reading abilities of hearing-impaired students.
From the Paper
"The bilingual-bicultural school of thought holds that deaf children need to be bilingual (in both manual and oral communication) in order to thrive. Bilingual-bicultural education programs emphasize early language acquisition and the special social needs of deaf children (Andrews et al., 1997). This philosophy advocates for the use of ASL as the first language of the deaf child, and maintains that such children are visual learners and should not be mainstreamed, but should be in environments that provide full communicative access to the curriculum. Adherents to this school of thought also believe that one should not speak English while signing ASL (Baker & Baker, 1997)."
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"The Voices of Time", 2007.
This paper analyzes "The Voices of Time" by J.G. Ballard.
1,189 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses J.G. Ballard's short story "The Voices of Time". The writer focuses on the themes of surrealism and inner space that commingle in this work. The writer notes that the setting Ballard selects for "The Voices of Time" intensifies the surrealist atmosphere of the story, revealing the supernatural in the natural. In addition, the writer maintains that this setting shows how the core themes of the story of evolution and time become manifest most poignantly in the human mind. Further, the writer discusses that the surrealistic imagery throughout "The Voices of Time" is nothing but the human mind grappling with its own mortality and relative insignificance in relation to the grandeur of the universe at large.
From the Paper
"Ballard describes Powers' death with precision, blending surrealism with inner space and encapsulating the mood of the entire short story. Death and mortality are keys to understanding Powers' mind, because although he is surrounded by oddities and distortions of form and reality, Powers is fundamentally human. Acutely aware of his impending death, Powers spends his last moments engaged in a sublime meditation. Although he has witnessed some of the most grotesque abnormalities possible, although he has transformed human consciousness to the point of eradicating sleep from Kaldren's life, Powers retains a sense of wonder for the world. Seen through his eyes, the world comes alive with fantastic and surreal impact."
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An Ethnographic Study: The Anna Nicole Smith Hearing, 2007.
An ethnographic analysis of the televising of a hearing in Florida on disposition of the body of recently deceased Anna Nicole Smith.
2,145 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that an ethnographic analysis of an event and its presentation should consider the nature of the event itself, the nature of the targeted audience, and the characteristics of the commentary that becomes part of the presentation as well as how the different elements interact. The author points out that televising this hearing alone suggests certain cultural forces at work. The paper relates that "tabloid celebrity" characterizes the culture that kept track of Smith's activities and influenced the way this hearing was covered by all the news media. The paper relates that the popularity of reality-television influenced the news outlets to use the hearing to attract a large audience. The paper further relates that the courtroom has its own culture embedded within the larger culture and that when courtroom proceedings are telecast on television, the two cultures come together and may conflict. The paper concludes that the court often claims not to be influenced by the circus outside, but in this case, the circus outside was greatly influenced by the circus inside.
From the Paper
"The final day of the hearing was February 23, 2007, by which time the prevailing view of the proceedings was that it was a circus. Judge Larry Seidlin of Broward County was the judge for the proceedings, and he set the tone to a great degree. His behavior became the target of critics who saw his folksy mode of speaking and his informality as drawbacks, but many observers found some of his statements bizarre. The public is familiar with the general methods and tone of a courtroom from other courtroom transmissions, and the style of this hearing differed."
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Students with Hearing Loss, 2002.
A study of students who suffer from hearing loss and how to detect this early on.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
A paper concerning a 9-year-old boy with a hearing problem. The paper explores the signals that indicate this child has a hearing problem and the importance of recognizing students with hearing difficulties.
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Hearing Loss, 2005.
Discusses how hearing loss can affect someone in terms of communication.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how hearing loss can affect someone in terms of communication and psychosocial functioning. It includes citations from literature discussing the effects of hearing loss as well as a summary of findings after interviewing a person with medically diagnosed hearing loss.
From the Paper
"Hearing loss is one of the most common disabilities in the United States with recent statistics indicating that approximately ..."
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