| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "HEALTH CARE PRISON SYSTEM": |
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Health Care in the Prison System, 2004.
A study into the health care needs of female prisoners in the U.S.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a review of a study conducted about the lack of decent health care available to female prisoners. The paper also explores the different systems available to male prisoners compared to female prisoners and concludes that the health care system in California?s prisons needs to be addressed and that women should have the same level of medical care available to them that male offenders have.
Contents:
Introduction
Health care
Rehab and social support
Results and analysis
Discussion and conclusions
From the Paper
"According to the Department of Corrections for the state of California, there are approximately 160,000 individuals in jail in the state of California. (California Prison Growth 2003) The census shows that 9,797 of these individuals are women and 150,000 are men. (California Prison Growth 2003)There are several issues that make prison life in California particularly difficult for women. These issues concern vocational services, educational services, healthcare, and rehabilitation services. The purpose of this discussion is to review previous studies that have examined the disparity in the treatment of men and women in California?s prisons."
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Preventive Health Care in Prison, 2008.
This extensive research paper argues that prison officials must not show a deliberate indifference towards the medical needs of female prisoners.
6,095 words (approx. 24.4 pages), 45 sources, MLA, $ 143.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history of the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution and how it has evolved inside the judicial system into the right to preventive healthcare within the prison setting. The author studies diseases such as viral hepatitis and how the justice system has dealt with this disease. This paper discusses human papillomavirus (HPV) and how it can be compared to viral hepatitis types B and C. The author concludes that the standard of deliberate indifference to health care needs in women's prisons requires the United State's justice system to immunize women prisoners to prevent the spread of HPV and cervical cancer. The paper argues that it is now the obligation of the Federal Bureau of Prisons to add to the "Clinical Practice Guidelines" a requirement for mandatory testing for HPV and for immunization with Gardasil for those who are at high risk of HPV.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution
Preventive Healthcare in the General Population
Preventive Healthcare for Federal and State Correctional Populations
Congress' Response to the Threat of Infectious Disease in Prison and its Economic Impact
Guidelines for Federal Correctional Facilities but Just Proposed for States to Adopt
Correctional Facilities Continue to Lack Adequate Preventive Care, Leading to Lawsuits
The Importance of Preventive Healthcare for Infectious Disease Using a Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis
Human Papillomavirus Infection
Demographics of Human Papillomavirus Infection
Demographics of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Prison
Public Health Responses to Human Papillomavirus Infection
Applying Viral Hepatitis Approaches to HPV
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In "Ruiz v. Johnson", a group of inmates had sued the Director of the Texas Department of Corrections. The plaintiffs alleged that conditions in the correctional facilities violated Eight Amendment protections. Conditions were so extreme that the United States joined in as a plaintiff, against the defendant's resistance. The case includes commentary from Dr. Robertson, an expert in the trial. He stated that he saw two cases of "potentially preventable" cancers where the patients received delay in diagnosis and treatment, causing a negative prognosis. The defendants argued that the National Commission on Correctional Health Care (NCCHC) accredited them and therefore their practices were constitutional."
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| Term Paper # 52271 |
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Health Care in Prisons, 1996.
Services available, views of public, politicians & administrators, AIDS, gender issues, examples, TB, public health, costs.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 40 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the current status of health care within the American state and federal correctional systems. The plan of the research will be to set forth the context in which prison-related health care takes place, and then to discuss the administrative environment in which treatment takes place, the availability of primary, maintenance, and rehabilitative health-care services for the varieties of both major and minor medical problems and where they are provided, the quality of care and how it is monitored, and the economic aspects of health-care services in prisons.
In 1971, describing prisons as "factories of crime," Ramsey Clark (1971, pp. 212-13) wrote that "ninety-five per cent of all expenditure in the entire corrections effort of the nation is for custody--iron bars, stone walls, guards. Five per cent is for ..."
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Health Care and Managed Health Care: The Need for Sweeping Reforms, 2002.
A look at role of primary care nurse practitioners in relation to health care reforms.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the role of primary care nurse practitioners in respect to health care and health care reform. The failure of primary healthcare is critically assessed, in the respect that health care is currently "managed" by independent "for- profit" organizations, where there is an emphasis on financial success rather than patient welfare. This paper also places a strong emphasis on the role of nurse care practitioners in the state of Florida and in community health care clinics.
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Prison Health Care, 2008.
This paper presents a prison nurse's evaluation of prison health care.
1,525 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the author, a prison nurse, believes that prison healthcare in the United States is widely inadequate to meet the needs of this special population. The author stresses that nurses need not only the physical strength but also mental stamina in order to help others overcome both their physical and non-physical problems. The paper underscores that one of the greatest problems in the prison system is overcrowding, which leads to the exacerbation of the existing crisis in the healthcare system of inmates.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Purpose
Assumptions
Principles
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In caring for inmates, therefore, I am assuming that they have needs and rights, like any other human beings. Another assumption is the interaction of a variety of factors that manifest themselves as illness or indeed as health. These include the mental and emotional state of the inmate, the interpersonal reactions with other inmates and guards, as well as the prison environment in which the inmate lives on a daily basis. My purpose as nurse is then to attempt to mitigate these factors in creating a healing plan for the client."
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Prison Health Care, 2006.
This paper analyzes peer-reviewed literature to evaluate a qualitative study by John Doyle (1999) concerning the factors that tend to influence psychiatric nursing practice in prisons.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the skyrocketing prison population has caused the delivery of quality health care services to suffer. The author points out that the research indicates that, in the midst of a untenable environment, health care providers are faced with the dual dilemma of trying to delivery quality health care services to a disproportionately mentally ill and elderly prison population, while simultaneously trying to ensure their own personal safety. The paper indicates that the qualitative study by J. Doyle (1999) did not result in any earth-shattering findings but was found to be timely and a good starting point for future studies of this nature. The paper includes several embedded quotations.
Table of Contents:
Review and Discussion
Problem
Study Purpose
Research Question
Study Design
Subjects and Setting.
Data Collection Methods
Data Analysis Procedures
Strengths and Limitations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"What is the problem the study was conducted to resolve? According to a recent report from the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in spite of a general decline in crime across the country, the United States continues to incarcerate more of its citizens than any other developed nation in the world. In fact, the nation's prison population increases by 900 inmates each week, and between mid-2003 and mid-2004, the nation's prisons and jails held 2.1 million people, or approximately one in every 138 U.S. residents. By June 30, 2005, there were 48,000 more inmates, or 2.3 percent, more than 2004, according to the latest figures from the Bureau of Justice Statistics."
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Charging Prison Inmates for Health Care, 1994.
Examining the issue in terms of precedent for user fees, purposes, theory, impact on prisoners, payment structures, advantages & disaadvantages and elderly inmates.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 9 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"CHARGING PRISON INMATES FOR HEALTH SERVICES
This research examines the public policy alternative of charging prison inmates a user fee for health services delivered by the state to a prisoner. Several states in the U.S. operate systems where convicted persons are required to pay a part of the costs associated with the administration of their corrections programs (Allen, Eskridge, Latessa, and Vito, 1990, pp. 74-91). Most of such fees are related to parole and probation; however, such actions provide a precedent for the imposition of user fees for health services. The establishment of user fees is a popular idea among the general public and politicians.
The Arizona legislation permits the state Bureau of Corrections to charge a prisoner $3.00 for each Health Needs Request..."
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Impediments to Health Care Access for Low Income Visible Minorities, 2002.
Identifies causal factors for the gap in health care access for lower-income Americans and visible minorities and the more affluent members of America's majority.
29,350 words (approx. 117.4 pages), 135 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
As the American population continues to become more diverse racially, members of visible minority groups within the population become more prominent. Simultaneously, with the increase in diversity, income distribution in the American economy has become more distorted. While economic growth in the United States has surged over the past decade, the income gap has widened; not only between the richest and poorest Americans, but also between moderate-income and low-income Americans. Members of visible minorities in the population tend to be represented disproportionately in the low-income and poverty classifications in the United States. While there is an abundance of implications of this state of affairs, one of the more crucial ones is access to health care. Individual and household financial capacity, the scarcity of employer-paid health insurance among small businesses, cultural differences based in social psychology and other factors frequently act as impediments to health care access for low-income individuals and households among visible minority population groups in the contemporary United States. This problem and these issues are investigated in this study. The study identifies causal factors for the gap in health care access between lower-income Americans and members of visible minorities in the United States, on the one hand, and more affluent Americans and members of the majority segment of the population, on the other hand. The initial chapter of this study delineates the problem investigated. Specific research questions are formulated and stated to provide greater focus for the investigation.
Social psychological theory and applied social psychology literature are reviewed in the second chapter. Literature relevant to the functioning of low-income and visible minority population groups in the United States within a social psychological context are reviewed in the third chapter. The fourth chapter is devoted to a review of literature relevant to both the health care system in the United States and the experiences of low-income and visible minority population groups in relation to health care access and health care delivery in the United States. An assessment of the problem investigated, performed within the structure of the research questions, is presented in the final (fifth) chapter. Conclusions drawn from the study findings are stated and recommendations for further research are made. The summary conclusions reached through the conduct of this study relate both to health care access and health care utilization by low-income persons and members of visible minorities. With respect to health care access, the summary conclusion reached is that a universal system of health care entitlement is required in the United States. In relation to health care utilization by low-income persons and members of visible minorities, the summary conclusion reached is that extensive education is required for both low-income persons and members of visible minorities, on the one hand, and health care providers, on the other hand. Low-income persons and members of visible minorities require education on the benefits and function of health care services, while health care providers require education in the social mores of the diverse populations they must serve.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Problem Delineation
Background on the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Review of Relevant Social Psychology Theory and Literature
Introduction
Sociological Theory and Health Care
The Welfare State
Accessing Contemporary Health Care
Role of Ethics in Accessing Health Care
Alternative Health Care Delivery Systems
Chapter Conclusions
Social Functioning of Low-Income and Visible Minority Population Groups
Introduction
HIV/AIDS Related Behavior
Initiatives to Improve Health Care
Access and Behaviors
The American Health Care System and the Experiences of Low-Income and Visible Minority Groups
Introduction
The American Health Care System
Analysis of Health Care Delivery Systems
Care Quality
Alternative Approaches to Health Care
Bioethical Issues
Problems of Accessibility
Initiatives to Improve Minority Access
Chapter Conclusions
Assessment of the Problem Discussion, Recommendations for Further Research
Appendices
Annotated Bibliography
From the Paper
"Social Cognitive Theory [self-efficacy] emphasizes the role of expectancies, self-efficacy, peer normative influences, and social competency skills as key components affecting adolescents? behaviors (DiClemente, Lodico, Grinstead, Harper, Rickman, Evans, & Coates, 1996). The applicability of models based on social psychological principles for understanding African-Americans? decision-making and sexual behavior has been questioned because most such models tend to be individually-focused and do not take into account the social context in which the behavior is embedded (Cochran & Mays, 1993). Social cognitive theory, however, explicitly integrates behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors as reciprocally interactive. Thus, given the hypothesized multi-factorial nature of sexual decision making and the potential impact of the high-risk social environment of the study population, approaches based on social cognitive theory are thought to be particularly relevant for understanding the myriad factors that may affect African-Americans? sexual behavior."
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Health Care Access for Low-Income Minorities, 2002.
This paper is a qualitative thesis, which assesses the impediments to health care access for low-income visible minorities in the United States.
30,578 words (approx. 122.3 pages), 135 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper, based in sociological and social psychology concepts, identifies the causal factors for the gap between lower-income Americans and members of visible minorities in the United States and more affluent Americans and members of the majority segment of the population with respect to health care access. The author concludes, after an extensive review of the literature, that a universal system of health care entitlement is required in the United States. The author suggests that an extensive education is required for low-income persons and members of visible minorities to know the benefits and function of health care services, and health care providers require education in the social mores of the diverse populations they must serve.
Table of Contents
Problem Delineation
Background on the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Review of Relevant Social Psychology Theory and Literature
Introduction
Sociological Theory and Health Care
The Welfare State
Accessing Contemporary Health Care
Role of Ethics in Accessing Health Care
Alternative Health Care Delivery Systems
Chapter Conclusions
Social Functioning of Low-Income and Visible Minority Population Groups
Introduction
HIV/AIDS Related Behavior
Initiatives to Improve Health Care Access and Behaviors
The American Health Care System and The Health Care Experiences of Low-Income and Visible Minority Population Groups
Introduction
The American Health Care System
Delivery of Health Care to the Poor
Care Quality
Alternative Approaches to Delivery
Bioethical Issues
Problems of Accessibility
Initiatives to Improve Access
Chapter Conclusions
Assessment of the Problem
Discussion
Recommendations for Further Research
Annotated Bibliography
From the Paper
"One of the major impediments to the attainment of universal access to healthcare in the United States is the functioning of for-profit Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) and managed care organizations (MCOs). These organizations are investor-owned organizations that are in business to make a profit on healthcare delivery. Non-for-profit healthcare organizations also must earn a profit on their operations in order to be able to compensate and train staff, acquire new technology, and generally improve the quality of their services. Unlike investor-owned healthcare companies, however, non-for-profit organizations are not driven by share prices and the bottom-line mentality of for-profit companies. Thus, patient-centered care in not-for-profit healthcare organizations may be contrasted with the investor orientation of the for-profit healthcare companies. Recent decisions by for-profit healthcare companies to drop their Medicare healthcare groups because of substandard profit growth illustrates as no amount of rhetoric can the precedent of investor concerns over patient concerns in the for-profit healthcare companies."
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Global Health Care, 2004.
This paper reviews six global health care journal articles, each one specific to an individual topic about variations and trends in health care around the world.
6,500 words (approx. 26.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 149.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that after a country attains a certain economic level, the degree to which an individual receives good health care is determined by other factors, including poverty, which is present even in the wealthiest societies. The author points out that Canada?s health care is superior to that in the United States, offers more flexibility, and should be used as a model for the United States. The paper relates that the U.S. and other countries are facing challenges to funding national health care; however, in other countries, these challenges are often met through incentives and additional taxation, which is largely opposed in the United States.
Table of Contents
Broad Topic - Variations and Trends in Health and Disease around the World
Topic - Canada?s Health Care and How it Differs from the U.S.
Topic - Dynamics of Different Health Care Systems
Topic - Functioning of Different Health Care Systems
Topic - Global Impact of Various Health Care Systems
Topic - China Health Care and Its Global Impact
From the Paper
"More specifically Martens attempts to define global and regional dynamics that might influence health and disease trends. He concludes that managing health variations and transition effectively in the future will require ?a micro and macro approach? that takes into consideration the social, cultural and behavioural determinants of health. In his work Martens claims that socio-economic change and public health initiatives as well as technology have contributed to a shift in health and disease toward the positive. To support this premise he points out that the average life expectancy is doubled across the globe and infant and mortality rates have sharply declined."
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Managed Health Care Systems, 2004.
Presents a new model of model of managed health care in the U.S. using a systems approach.
7,200 words (approx. 28.8 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 160.95
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Abstract
Health care in the United States has a long history; from the traveling physician who provided services in private homes and charity organizations, to government programs such as Medicare and Medicaid that proceeded hospital construction, and the relatively recent trend of managed health care. Along the way, innovation and competition facilitated new health care technologies and services that offered numerous approaches to prevention, treatment, and management of diseases. In a bold new health care policy, integration and collaboration between the public and private sectors of health care is not only an option, but a necessity in providing the most efficient and sound health care services and options. This paper examines health care in the U.S. from a historical and current perspective and concludes by introducing a new model of managed health care utilizing a systems approach.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Historical Examination of Health Care
Public Sector Health Care in the USA
Private Sector Health Care in the USA
Types of Managed Care Organizations
HMO Models
The Merging of Public and Private Health Care Models
A New Universal Managed Health Care Model
Conclusions
References
Appendices
From the Paper
"The managed health care industry did slow the growth in health care spending. Moreover, by extending coverage to services provided in an outpatient setting, it reversed the artificial preference for in-patient care that was created by indemnity insurance benefit designs. By focusing on clinical variability in physician practices, the shift to managed care forced the elimination of some unnecessary care. It also provided a stabilizing force to professional fees and institutional charges."
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Health Care Privatization.
This paper argues in favor of health care privatization as opposed to health care nationalization.
755 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, unlike national health care, a government-operated, tax-funded system, the type of system, which is currently operated in Canada, Europe, Australia, New Zealand and other countries,the majority of health care funding in the U.S. comes from the private sector. The author points out that advocates of national health care ague it would reduce costs by eliminating unnecessary, duplicative paperwork, adopting mechanisms to stretch health care dollars, such as bulk purchasing of medications, and implementing measures to control future health care costs, such as negotiating fair fees with doctors and budgets with hospitals. But some economists put the cost of national health care reform at $339 billion per year in additional taxes. The paper concludes that the only people who are really better off are the uninsured, with everyone else footing their bill and sacrificing their own health care, which isn't a good option for most working Americans because national health care expands coverage to all by raising taxes, rationing services, and limiting modern medicine.
From the Paper
"Those in favor of national health care also believe that our health care is inadequate compared to other countries with national health care. The U.S. spends more per person on health care than any other country in the world, but the World Health Organization ranked the U.S. 37th in the overall quality of health care that it provides. We are the only industrialized country that lacks universal health care. More than forty-two million Americans have no health insurance, with access distributed unequally among rich and poor and among the races."
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Minority Groups and the American Health Care System, 2002.
An assessment of minority access to the American Health
Care system, focusing on HIV-AIDS patients.
7,229 words (approx. 28.9 pages), 39 sources, APA, $ 160.95
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Abstract
Approximately 12 percent of America's population is without any formal health care insurance coverage, although some estimates of this proportion are higher. The research problem investigated in this study concerns minority access to health care. The central issue in the study is the determination of the best approach to improve such access, especially in relation to HIV-AIDS patients. The paper begins with a review of health care delivery problems for minority population groups, which is followed by a consideration of the HIV-AIDS issue among minority population groups. The primary focus of this assessment is on health care outcomes.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Minorities and HIV-AIDS
Interaction with Health Care System
Racial and Ethnic Orientation
Structure and Method of Investigation
Minorities: Health Care Delivery Problems in the Community and Health Care System
Bioethical Issues
Failure to Address Racial Differences
Failure to Address Insurance Status Differences
Health Care Delivery and Accessibility
HMOs and Fee-for-Service Providers
Social Psychological Influences
Distrust of the Health Care System
Health Beliefs of Minorities
Social Identity Influences
Minority Status and HIV-AIDS
HIV-AIDS and Minority Population Groups
Origins
Ethical Issues
HIV-AIDS Health Care for Minorities
Initiatives to Improve Minority Access to Health Care
Proposed Initiative
Conclusions and Recommendations
Restatement of Problem
Summary of Findings
Conclusions
Potential Solutions
Assessment
Recommendations
From the Paper
"In the 1990s, one initiative designed to broaden access to health care services needs for the nation?s indigent involved the development of nurse-managed clinics targeting low-income persons. A nurse practitioner is a specially educated and trained nurse who provides some level of health care directly to patients without supervision by a physician.
Nurse managed clinics for the indigent are prominent in the nation?s inner cities. Nurse managed clinics such as those associated with the Kellogg Homeless Project in Washington, the Pine Street Inn in Boston, and the Los Angeles School of Nursing Health Center are delivering health care services to indigent persons at cost savings (compared to more traditional delivery venues) and in areas that would not otherwise be served by health care professionals (Sharp, 1992; Lutz, 1991)."
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The American Health Care System, 2006.
A comparative analysis of health care systems across cultures, compared to the American health care system.
5,125 words (approx. 20.5 pages), 26 sources, APA, $ 128.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a historical perspective on the American health care system. It compares health care systems across various cultures and analyzes the current state of health care in America. The paper then describes three distinct measures to reform health care without resorting to socialized medicine. It looks at regulatory reform, quality improvements and mandatory immunization programs.
Table of Contents:
History Of American Health Care
Health Care Abroad
The Current Situation
The Cost Of Poor Quality
Good Medicine
Payin' And Suffering
Conclusion And Proposal
Appendices
From the Paper
"Health care in the United States didn't begin as the complex system we grapple with today. The first health care market worked very well- patients with very low expectations paid "doctors" for cures that didn't work. While this system was often less than ideal for patients, it was ideal from an economic point of view. This practice continued as doctors began to offer effective services to patients who developed an appetite for care that often exceeded their ability to pay. As the Great Depression fell upon America, hospitals began to suffer from patients' inability to pay for care. Desperate for relief, hospitals lobbied states for a way to ensure bills were paid. The creation of the first modern insurance company, Blue Cross, resulted . Originally, Blue Cross was a non-profit organization that simply paid the bills, without getting involved in what type of care was provided. Once doctors realized the benefits of this system- primarily, fast and complete payment of bills- the insurance industry began to grow. Soon, the practice was so popular that employees began demanding that their employers provide insurance benefits- a practice encouraged by the government in the form of tax benefits. This change in how care was paid for meant that the burden of health care costs shifted from the general population to the government. In the years after World War II, the United States experienced dramatic leaps in medicine. In the 1960's, the US saw a major change in how health care dollars are spent when Medicare and Medicaid began . Since that time, the US has seen a rise in the percentage of health care dollars spent by the government from 24% in the 1960s to 60% in the 1990s. Including tax subsidies for health insurance, 51% of health care spending in the US is done by government- and paid for by taxpayers."
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