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Hallucinogens, 2006.
This paper examines the effects of hallucinogenic drugs on an individual's health.
1,216 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper defines hallucinogens as any drug that reacts with a person's mind by distorting reality to the point where hallucinations occur. The paper describes LSD; the most powerful hallucinogen, "magic mushrooms," PCP and ecstasy. The paper illustrates the dangers these mind-altering chemicals pose.
From the Paper
"I couldn't walk through the lobby of the entry way at the dorm without getting really scared, because of the goblin I saw there when I was tripping." This is a perfect example of the hallucinogenic flash back that many LSD, PCP, Ecstasy and Magic Mushroom users experience after using one of these common hallucinogenic drugs. Hallucinogens refer to any drug that reacts with a person's mind by distorting reality to the point where hallucinations occur. Hallucinations occur when people see something that really does not exist. These drugs affect all of your senses, perceptions, thoughts and moods. This includes a distorted perception of time where minutes seem like hours, distance, gravity, spatial perceptions concerning oneself and one's surrounding environment. These drugs can also cause feelings of a mystical, religious or cosmic nature, which is what draws people to their use. These effects can also be very dangerous."
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Hallucinogens, 2001.
Examines composition of LSD, mescaline, Ecstasy; their impact on people, consequences of use. Abstract.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"LSD and Other Hallucinogens
Abstract
There are two different kinds of hallucinogens. Both LSD and MDMA (Ecstasy) are synthetic, made in laboratories, while mescaline is a non-human-made substance obtained from cactus. As peyote, it is ingested in religious ceremonies by Native Americans. Each of these substances has short-term effects, which are characterized as "high" and "psychedelic" experiences. In essence, they affect the brain and nervous system through the neurotransmitters, leading to alterations in the brains processing of information. They also activate different regions of brain, leading to visual and auditory hallucinations, and to feelings of pleasure, or paranoia, as the case may be. They can be fatal, with one use sometimes leading to drug toxicity or problems such as Mallory-Weiss.."
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Hallucinogenic Drugs in Treatment of Mental Illness, 2005.
A research proposal for exploring the use of hallucinogenic drugs as a treatment for certain mental illnesses.
932 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal for exploring and researching the use of hallucinogens in the treatment options of mental illness. The paper also proposes that, if deemed worthy by the relevant and informative documentation gathered, further research into the topic should be conducted.
From the Paper
"LSD is a hallucinogen which group includes Psilocybin, Psilocyn, Mushrooms, and Peyote, and Mescaline all hallucinogens. Under the influence of these drugs psychological affects occur as well as "light, color and shapes are altered, and imaginary objects appear." Walls 'melt' as well as other objects appearing to melt in front of the individuals eyes. Those under the influence of hallucinogens often feel as though their body is afloat or in reverse being pressed downward and the feeling of moving as though in very slow motion has been reported. Tiny details draw the focus of the individual for long period of time. Mood swings have been cited as one extreme caused by hallucinogens as the individual bounces from thought to thought. Also reported by some are feelings that their body is enlarging or diminishing and in some instances even changing its' shape. Physical symptoms include, dilated pupils, dizziness, dry mouth, numbness, tremors, heavy perspiration, Bad body odor, Chills, goose bumps, nausea, muscle weakness, trembling, poor coordination, lowered body temperatures(LSD or psilocybin mushrooms), Higher body temperature (peyote/mescaline), Rapid heart rate (LSD or psilocybin mushrooms, depressed heart rate and breathing (peyote/mescaline)."
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Narcotic Plants, 2004.
This paper discusses narcotic plants belonging to those categories of plants called psychedelic or hallucinogenic plants because they have a chemical compound that causes hallucinating effects.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that narcotic plants, known for their effects on mind and body since the prehistoric period, were often associated with magic, religious rites, and medicine. Although there are over 60 species of hallucinogens known today that are consumed by people in one part of the world or other, the author focuses on the five major narcotics: tobacco, opium, hemp (marijuana), betel, and coca. The paper relates that the hallucinations that occur because the neuronal messages are changed in a greatly dramatic manner when narcotic plants are consumed.
Table of Contents
Introduction
History of the Use of Narcotic Plants and Hallucinogens
The Major Narcotic Plants
Ergot
Amanita
Marijuana
Opium
Coca
Tobacco
Other Hallucinogens
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Peyote: Botanically known by the name Lophophora williamsii, Peyote is a small grey-green variety of cactus found in northern Mexico and Texas. The Native Americans extensively used peyote particularly in their religious rites. The Aztecs ardently worshiped it and peyotism even grew as a religion among Americans. The compounds that are chemically active include mescaline and peyonine, of which mescaline induces hallucination essentially visual in nature, which enables the user to foresee and predict happenings as if in spiritual union with the divine power. Consumption of peyote causes intoxication accompanied by nausea, body shivers and perspiration for about two hours after which the user normally falls into hallucination."
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PCP, 2004.
This paper discusses the use of the drug Phencyclidine (PCP).
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, $ 23.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer looks at the development, testing and use of the PCP drug. The writer discusses how PCP was initially used as a substitute for as well as an adulterant to established hallucinogens such as LSD, mescaline, and marijuana. The writer explains that PCP soon lost favor with habitual users of these hallucinogens, because of its severe psychological effects.
From the Paper
"When it was first developed by the pharmaceutical company Parke-Davis, Phencyclidine promised to be a useful new anesthetic during surgery. However when the drug was tested on humans these subjects experienced a number of unpleasant side effects and the company ceased all human trials. That was hardly the end of the story of Phencyclidine, however, for the drug more commonly referred to as PCP would go on to find legitimate use as a tranquilizer in large animals who needed veterinary care and illegitimate uses as ... "
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Psychedelic Therapy, 2007.
An analysis of a study on the use of psychedelic drugs in therapy.
2,091 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates a study on the beneficial aspects of psychedelic drugs, especially for those suffering from terminal illness. The paper describes general responses to hallucinogens, citing the seemingly paranormal experiences users report. The author then discusses how the drugs have been used under medical supervisions, and compares the responses to conditions such as anxiety with traditional drug therapy versus psychedelic drugs. The paper concludes citing some of the possible problems in research methods and also how to deal with complications of hallucinogenic drugs.
From the Paper
"For the first time in three decades, human studies on LSD have increased (Kotler 2005). Many of these researcher said this should have happened earlier or sooner. Many researchers said that hallucinogens disappeared in research laboratories because of the scare for drugs like methamphetamines and heroin and the war on drugs. One research organization was the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, which funded much of such research work on LSD. According to its researchers, there was little evidence that psychedelic drugs are addictive or more dangerous that other stimulants, like alcohol and marijuana. They noted that advances from disease treatment to consciousness studies and basic psychological research suffered a dent on account of this. They looked to these new studies as an important first step to the recovery of missed information. This new development occurred in the early 90s when the Food and Drug Administration ran out of justifications to avoid the research of these prohibited drugs. Scientists looked into the possibility of treating conditions with hallucinogens. In 1960, researcher Eric Kast found that the use of LSD relieved anxiety in terminally ill cancer patients. Rick Doblin of the Multidisciplinary Association is currently studying psilocybin in the treatment of anxiety in late-stage cancer patients. Charles Grob of the Harbor-UCLA Medical Center stressed that psychedelics peaked for 50 years. Much research was funded in this field in the 40s and 50s. Many also felt that hallucinogens have an important part in modern psychiatry. The discovery of the neurotransmitter serotonin spearheaded the brain chemistry revolution (Kotler). "
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The Legalization of Drugs.
This paper argues against the legalization of drugs, which has been an ongoing debate since the 1970s.
3,340 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper discuss marijuana, crack/cocaine, tranquilizers, hallucinogens, amphetamines, heroin, alcohol, nicotine. and caffeine to provide a framework for the author's argument that the legalization of drugs can in no way be deemed ethical or moral. The author points out that caffeine is an amphetamine, but it doesn't stand out because it is legal; although the effects of overuse don't seem to be as serious as those of other "harder" drugs, caffeine can be a dangerous drug. The paper concludes that the only argument that can be used to justify the legalization of drugs is ethical formalism; therefore, with only one available argumentative system to justify drug legalization as a moral act, the author believes that the conclusion to reject the legalization is correct.
From the Paper
"What is a drug? A drug, as defined by "Webster's Dictionary" is: (1) a substance used as a medication or in the preparation of a medication, (2) a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, (3) a substance other than food intended to affect the structure or function of the body, (4) a substance that causes addiction or habituation. The fact that the definition of drugs has so many components may be the cause of why society cannot come up with an agreement about whether or not drugs should be legalized. The definition contains the medical use of drugs which in the majority of cases are pharmacological drugs that have been recognized by doctors and pharmacists and it also contains the negative side of drugs which is the fact that drugs can cause addiction or habituation and can affect the body and mind. All drugs affect the body and mind. This includes prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, illegal drugs, and the drugs that we sometimes fail to recognize as drugs because they are so common."
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"Drugs: An Introduction", 2005.
Examines the substances that are discussed in Howard Abadinsky's book.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses just what each type of drug is that Howard Abadinsky's book deals with, as well as examples of each type of substance. Then the focus is taken to one specific drug, PCP, which falls within the class of hallucinogens. Two articles linking PCP to recent crimes are discussed, as will the drug's effects and its importance to said crimes.
From the Paper
"In his far-reaching and in-depth text on drugs, their effects, and how they affect society, Drugs: An Introduction, Howard Abadinsky spends three chapters detailing three different classifications of controlled substances. These drug types are: depressants, stimulants, and the category that includes hallucinogens, club drugs, and marijuana. This paper will discuss just what each type of drug is that Abadinsky's book deals with, as well as examples of each type of substance. Then the focus will be made on one specific drug, PCP, which falls within the class of hallucinogens. Two articles linking PCP to recent crimes will be discussed, as will the drug's effects and its importance to said crimes. In chapter 4 of Drugs: An Introduction, Howard Abadinsky deals with the group of drugs known as depressants (Abadinsky, 2000, ch. 4)."
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Gateway Drugs, 2002.
A paper that questions whether alcohol and tobacco use among teenagers leads to marijuana use.
1,920 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
The paper defines gateway drugs as those which could open the doors to illicit drugs like hallucinogens, marijuana, cocaine, etc. The paper describes the discussions on whether alcohol and tobacco use among teenagers leads to marijuana use and shows that the pros and cons may vary but it denied that the proponents of the "gateway theory" do have a point. There are others who argue that the facts and figures do not corroborate this aspect, yet it still can be said that the teenager who experiments with tobacco and alcohol often proceeds to illicit drugs at a later stage. The paper concludes that it is ultimately the task of parents and society as a whole to ensure that children do not use drugs.
From the Paper
"How often have we heard cases of teenagers shooting down their classmates in broad daylight, resorting to cold-blooded murder for no apparent reason! It is not even necessary that they would have showed any signs of delinquency in the past. What could have prompted them to such gory acts? The reasons can by many, but nothing that family support and affection could not have prevented. Or even for that matter, a friend in school who is willing to listen. Very rarely are such cases medically triggered, as no one is born a criminal. A sad aspect is that a large number of suicides too occur, as there is no one to hear the agonizing cries of a stressed out soul. A teenager with, what he surmises are insurmountable problems."
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Psychological Effects of Drugs and Alcohol, 2004.
Discusses the psychological effects of drugs and alcohol on the human brain.
2,872 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 30 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses in detail the psychological effects of drugs and alcohol on the human brain and how those effects play a role in the overall psychological constitution of the user/addict. The topics included in this paper include a brief yet detailed overview of substance dependence in conjunction with the evidence for psychological dependence as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-IV and other pertinent scientific sources. In addition, a number of recommendations for future research on the psychological effects of drugs and alcohol are discussed at the conclusion of this paper.
Substance Dependence
Substance-Induced Disorders
Alcohol
Cocaine and Amphetamines
Caffeine
Cannabis
Hallucinogens
Inhalants
Nicotine
Opioids
Phencyclidine
Sedatives
Recommendations
From the Paper
"The study of the psychological effects of drugs and alcohol on the human brain, as compared to other medical conditions, is relatively new in the field of medical research. Only within the last fifty years or so has the medical community focused on how drugs and alcohol affect the human brain and the conditions that arise from prolonged abuse of the various associated substances. As Dent J. Yerbury points out, "literally hundreds of substances cross the brain barrier to influence human behavior and psychology" (June,1986), especially those connected to substance abuse. Reflecting those substances that are most widely abused and that cause the most significant problems to the abuser, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM--IV) has divided the universe of substances into eleven specific drug classes--alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine, cannabis (marijuana), hallucinogens, inhalants, nicotine, opioids, phencyclidine, and sedatives. Most recently, one other category has been included for less commonly abused substances, being over-the-counter medications."
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Drugs and Narcotics, 2002.
An insight into different types of drugs and narcotics and their influence.
1,485 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how people of all societies and nationalities take drugs for different purposes ranging from spiritual to medical to recreational. It shows how all known drugs can be categorized into groups such as stimulants, steroids, depressants or hallucinogens etc. and examines some of their short and long term physical and psychological effects. It looks at some of the legal aspects of drugs and the problems of trafficking (illegal mobilization), focusing on some of the offending countries.
From the Paper
"The substance in cigarettes that causes addiction to tobacco is known as nicotine. If smoked for a short time, nicotine aids its users in relaxing. It initially causes a rush of adrenaline, the substance released when you are excited. However it cause an increase in basal metabolic rate meaning that you lose weight without doing any work. This is not a safe way of losing weight, nonetheless; because concurrently it also effects the release of insulin, the substance that stores excess glucose, and makes a person hyperglycemic. "
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Drugs, 2004.
An overview of the various types of illegal drugs and their adverse effects.
2,145 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how there are many drugs that may be abused for relaxation or obtaining a high. Through an exploration of some of these drugs, it attempts to show that the abuse of such drugs ultimately extracts a high price by taking away the user's self-control and health. It discusses how one possible reason for so many people abusing drugs is the lack of knowledge about the many, often severe, effects of drug abuse and the importance of educating the public at large and students, in particular, about the dangers inherent in the use of drugs.
Outline
Introduction
Marijuana
Hallucinogens
Narcotics
Stimulants
Depressants
Steroids
Inhalants
GHB (gamma hydroxybutyric acid)
From the Paper
"The term "narcotic" is derived from the Greek word for stupor, which originally referred to substances known for dulling the senses and relieving pain. Today, however, the term narcotics is used to refer to any illicit drug. In a legal context, though, narcotic refers to opium, opium derivatives, and their semi-synthetic substitutes. Thus, for the purposes of this paper, the term narcotic has been taken to refer to drugs, which produce morphine like effects. The phrase "morphine-like effects" implies that narcotics have a lot of therapeutic value, and indeed, they are used to treat pain, suppress cough, alleviate diarrhea, and induce anesthesia."
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Illegal Drugs, 2007.
This paper provides a profile of four groups of illegal drugs.
1,351 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that prohibited or illegal drugs are divided into four categories. These are stimulants, depressants, analgesic or narcotics and hallucinogens. The paper discusses how each type of drug exhibits various effects and causes, as seen by the different modes of withdrawals for the user. The paper presents accounts and descriptions of the four groups/categories of illegal drugs and relates the different types of substances that are classified and associated with each category. The paper reveals the street names, the methods of administration, the paraphernalia or apparatus and finally, the respective symptoms and withdrawals.
Outline:
Illegal Drugs' Profile
Categories
From the Paper
"Stimulants are drugs that stimulate the Central Nervous System. These types of drug tend to increase alertness and physical activity. The groups include pharmaceuticals such as amphetamines and the street drugs commonly called "uppers" or "speed," cocaine, crack and some inhalants like Amyl or Butyl Nitrites. Caffeine which is present in tea, coffee and many brands soft drinks is also classified as a mild stimulant drug."
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Drug Abuse and Health, 2007.
This paper explores substance abuse as a relevant health issue today.
2,089 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses alcohol and tobacco and illegal / illicit drugs, which includes stimulants, depressants, hallucinogenics and analgesics. The paper discusses the different health problems and symptoms of these drugs. The paper examines the factors that influence an individual to start using drugs and become dependent. The paper looks at treatment and intervention for those with drug abuse problems and concludes that new breakthroughs and treatment options are needed.
Outline:
The Different Types of Drug Abuse
Risk Factors
Treatment and Intervention
Controversy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Alcohol is made by fermenting natural ingredients. When consumed, alcohol enters the blood stream and creates intoxication, making it difficult to function normally. Like many drugs, alcohol affects brain and body function in the both the short and long term (Volkow 29). Judgment and motor control are short-term effects, while liver damage and higher risk for cancer are long term risks (Hobson, par. 3)."
"Tobacco, like alcohol, is a legal drug available to adults. It is available loose (for pipes and rolled cigarettes), in cigarette form, and in cigars. The addictive drug nicotine makes tobacco smoking addictive (NYA: Smoking, par. 1). Tobacco is a natural product, but it is sometimes enhanced chemically or includes additives. Despite the addition of filters to cigarettes, the smoke inhaled contributes to lung cancer, heart disease, and ill health (NYA: Smoking, par. 1-2). Use of tobacco products gives users a momentary high. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), individuals often start smoking for social reasons and then find themselves addicted when they want to stop (1)."
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Drug Usage, 2006.
A discussion regarding drug abuse, and its history.
3,893 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at the history of the use and abuse of drugs to affect conscious states. According to the paper, drugs, whether alcohol or hallucinogenic drugs such as peyote and opiates, have a long history among human beings. The paper further discusses that although environmental factors certainly play an important role in an individual's vulnerability to drug usage and addiction, recent studies strongly suggest that genetic factors may play a more significant role.
From the Paper
"In 2003, a study involving approximately 20,000 participants found that particular genes can influence personality traits that are linked to unhealthy behavior. In an effort to link human behavior and inheritance, researchers at Oxford University researched data from 46 separate studies, focusing on genes that control chemicals used to transmit signals between brain cells (Von Radowitz 2003). Findings revealed that one version of the human serotonin transporter gene, 5HTT-LPR, was associated with anxious personalities, indicating that "individuals with this gene variant were the sort who find social interaction stressful and may take refuge in substance abuse" (Von Radowitz 2003). Researchers discovered a weaker link between the dopamine D4 receptor and extrovert personality traits, suggesting that such individuals are more likely to smoke tobacco or use drugs due to risk behavior, in other words, they are more inclined to gamble with their health (Von Radowitz 2003)."
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