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Haitian Revolution, 2006.
An historical review of the Haitian Revolution.
1,390 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the Haitian Revolution of 1791-1804. The paper discusses how this particularly bloody slave revolution came on the coattails of the French Revolution, in which the Declaration of the Rights of Man paved the way for a new paradigm of social and political reality. The paper first studies the impact of the revolution domestically, illustrating how Haitian culture was also able to forge a unique, vibrant identity in its aftermath. The paper also demonstrates the far-reaching effect of the revolution -- it paved the way for subsequent victorious slave uprisings and revolts, including those that occurred in the United States. Therefore, the paper concludes that the Haitian Revolution was ultimately successful in its promotion of universal emancipation and initiating an end to eighteenth-century economic infrastructures based on slavery. However, the paper also examines current affairs on the Caribbean island nation, noting that many historians now wonder how meaningful the Haitian Revolution really was.
From the Paper
"Nesbitt calls the Haitian Revolution a definitively "successful guerilla war that for the first time forcefully expanded the universal human right of freedom from enslavement beyond the province of Western Europe," (19). As such, the Haitian Revolution was a key harbinger of similar movements in the future. While it may not have been the first time that slaves revolted against their maters, the Haitian Revolution was one of the first if not the first instances in which the slaves successfully deposed its colonial leaders, ousting them from power. Historians must be careful, though, to avoid romanticizing the Haitian Revolution. Phillipe R. Gerard, in his review of Laurent Dubois' book Avengers of the New World, states that "English language historiography of the Haitian Revolution has long been inadequate at best," (138). While some accounts "portrayed the rebellious black slaves as barbarians," other works "glossed over the horrors of the Haitian Revolution in order to describe its participants as heroes of the black race," (138). Because the Haitian Revolution was socially, economically, and politically complex, it is necessary to avoid generalizations or romanticism. The proposed hero of the Haitian Revolution, Toussaint L'Overture, has been frequently portrayed as "a black Spartacus," even though he himself owned slaves and sympathized with exiled white leaders (Gerard 140). Like many such revolutionary figures, especially the ones glorified in the historiography of the dominant cultures, L'Overture straddled both fences: he appeased the oppressed while he pandered to the oppressors. Such tactics still work today. All oppressor nations know that such leaders make brilliant revolutionaries. Most of the despots put into power by the United States in nations around the world shared features in common with L'Overture."
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The French and Haitian Revolutions, 2005.
This paper discusses the impact of the Enlightenment on the French and Haitian revolutions.
1,005 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Enlightenment greatly influenced the French and Haitian revolutions, mostly due to the rights of man as expressed in the "Declaration" and the philosophical ideals of such men as Rousseau, Diderot and Montesquieu. The author points out that the French Revolution influenced the Haitian revolt via its appeal to the white lower classes, the mulattos and freed blacks who resented the social barriers of legal discrimination within Haiti. The paper suggests that the Enlightenment not only brought about new political and social systems within France and Haiti but also caused massive unrest and much trouble for both countries.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Enlightenment
The French Revolution
The Haitian Revolution
From the Paper
"While all of this revolt was happening in France, the small Caribbean colony of Haiti was experiencing similar turmoil. The Haitian Revolution of 1789 to 1804 began as a political struggle among the free peoples of Saint Domingue, a French colony on the island of Hispaniola. The French Revolution of the same period provided the impetus for class and racial hatreds to come about on the island. Each of the colony's social classes, being the wealthy planters and merchants, and the lower white classes, seized the chance to address their grievances and bring about social chaos and revolt."
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The Haitian and Cuban Revolutions, 2005.
This paper examines the various similarities and differences between the Haitian and Cuban revolutions.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines some of the major similarities and differences that exist between the Haitian Revolution and the much later Cuban Revolution. The social conditions in both places pre-revolution are discussed and compared, as well as some of the changes that occurred following the respective revolutions. The writer shows that while the two may have had some similarities in the 19th century, the 20th century Cuban revolution proved markedly different from the one in Haiti.
From the Paper
"Historically, revolutions are often compared and contrasted with one another. This is especially true when the revolutions occurred in the same part of the world, within a relatively short span of time, and with seemingly similar causes. When that is the case, historians love to debate and argue the difference and similarities between the two, especially with regard to the outcomes of the revolutions in question. Haiti and Cuba offer the historical critic a unique case in that regard."
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Maroon Rebellions in Jamaica, 2006.
This paper discusses the Haitian revolution and the Maroon rebellions in Jamaica.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses how the Haitian revolution brought about radical changes that not only affected the Haitians, but many other areas including the Jamaican Maroons. The writer points out that this revolution created a complete metamorphosis in the social, political, intellectual, and economic life of the colony. Further, the writer notes that while the Haitian Revolution changed the Maroon movement, it is important to realize that the Maroon movement had started earlier than the Haitian Revolution and continued afterwards.
From the Paper
"Within fifteen turbulent years, a colony of coerced and exploited slaves successfully liberated themselves and radically and permanently transformed things". The Haitian Revolution changed the way "whites" looked at black slaves. The Haitian Revolution was a complete metamorphosis for the colony."
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The Haitian Revolution, 2003.
Discusses the Haitian Revolution and its effect on the institution of slavery.
1,095 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the history of the Haitian Revolution against the French, focusing on the fear it sent across the world as the first crushing victory against slavery.
From the Paper
"In 1791, 100,000 slaves rose to revolt in the French colony of St. Domingue, burning and attacking what they could. It would become one of very few successful slave revolts in history. Under the leadership of General Toussaint L?Ouverture, the soon to be citizens of the country of Haiti would fight fiercely until finally securing independence in 1804. Like the United States, Toussaint and his men had fought for their freedom against their mother country and succeeded in doing so. Despite these similarities many people, such as Thomas Jefferson, still felt no sympathy for this colony of freed slaves. In fact, slaveholders and other embracers of what was becoming an old way of life were fearful of the country of Haiti. This fear was rooted in the suspicion that the freed men of Haiti were planting the seed for the end of slavery, the backbone of the southern economy and a great source of wealth for the imperialist nations."
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African Influence on Haitian Culture, 2004.
Examines the extent of African culture and history on the culture of Haiti.
2,113 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
Although Haitian culture is a unique mix that blends many other cultures to form its own, many of the roots of this cultural representation can be traced to African culture, especially West African. This paper shows that, because most of the inhabitants of Haiti are of African descent, African culture plays a key role in the culture of the island and manifests itself in many ways in a reflection of present and emerged patterns in Haitian cultural history. In family structures, gender, religion, and other areas of culture, it is clear that African culture has had a great deal of influence over Haitian culture before and since the existence of Haiti as an independent country.
From the Paper
"According to tradition, the spirits of Vodou followed the slaves from Africa to the Caribbean, where Vodou was set up as an inseparable part of Haitian history and culture, and therefore African culture in its
relation to Haitian culture as a continuance and point of influence. Since Vodou was frowned upon by the French during their time ruling the island before the revolution, it had to take on some trappings of Catholicism as a way to disguise the religion. Thus, Vodou continues to have elements that would be familiar to students of Catholicism."
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Haitian-American Students, 2003.
Examines language skill deficits.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 13 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
Proposes a study to determine the most effective tools, instruments, strategies, and/or procedures for assessing the English language skill deficits and bilingual educational needs of middle school Haitians in the U.S.
From the Paper
"Development of an Assessment Tool for Identifying
Language Skill Deficits of Haitian Middle School Students
Introduction
The language skill deficits of Haitian-American elementary, middle and secondary school students have been thoroughly documented...
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Haitian-U.S. Crisis, 1994.
A historical background loking at the American involvement, politics, military, economics, Duvalier dictatorship, Aristide-Cedras conflict, role of the U.N. and the Carter-Clinton 1994 peace settlement.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 9 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"After a long and difficult day of negotiations with Haiti's military rulers in September 1994, former President Jimmy Carter excused himself from dinner with some Haitian business people, withdrew to his hotel suite, and began typing the first draft of what later became the American agreement for the dissolution of Haiti's military regime. Carter never cleared his proposal with President Clinton. For that matter, the White House did not even know it existed until the following morning, almost half a day after Carter offered the proposal to the Haitian military. By then, Lieutenant General Raoul Cedras had already accepted the proposal as a basis for agreement. The transition from military to civilian rule had begun under uncertain terms.
The purpose of this research is to examine the events that led up to the Haitian crisis and the United States/Haitian..."
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Modern Haitian Government, 1998.
Describes the ups & downs of governance in Haiti since the overthrow of the Duvaliers in 1986. Focuses on current difficulties since the US intervention in 1994.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 11 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"I. Introduction
Today, the Caribbean island nation of Haiti is struggling to maintain its democratic experiment embarked upon in 1990. Presidential elections held in 1995 represented the first time in the nation's 200 year history that transition of power from one democratically elected government to another was completed successfully (Haiti - Political situation, 1997, 1). However, Haiti's fledgling democracy stands threatened by political infighting and lack of vision which has paralyzed the government. The democratic process in Haiti is also threatened by rampant corruption within the judicial system as well as an alarming surge in crime which many link directly to increased traffic in cocaine on the island (The wonders of Haitian democracy, 1998, 39)."
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Haitians in U.S., 1993.
Social, educational & language problems encountered & created by immigrants in New York City in the context of American ethnocentrism.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 15 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"THE UNITED STATES.HAITI RELATIONSHIP
This research considers the contemporary relationship between the United States and Haiti. One aspect of this relationship tends to portray the United States as a champion and protector of Haitians. This aspect of the relationship is illustrated by American support for ousted Haitian president Aristides and the application of economic sanctions to Haiti's military government. A second aspect of the relationship between the United States and Haiti casts the United States as a nation that is prejudiced against Haitians, as Haitian refugees are refused easy entry into the United States, while refugees from Cuba and many other countries are welcomed to the United States (Amnesty International 2; Lawyers Committee for Human Rights 5)."
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?The Black Jacobins?, 2002.
A review of the book ?The Black Jacobins? by C. L. R. James.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the book "The Black Jacobins", by C. L. R. James, is an not only account of the Haitian Revolution, it is a close and personal account of the only slave revolt that ultimately resulted in the founding of a black republic in the heart of the Caribbean. By closely relating the French Revolution with the Haitian Revolution, roughly from 1791 to 1803, it looks at how James is able to show the reader how the two events effected each other. It shows how James examines the struggle for independence while providing an intimate look at those involved, especially the slaves. James offers a perspective of black history that empowers black people, illustrating how they responded to and overcame slavery, especially under the leadership of Toussaint L?Ouverture.
From the Paper
"Class structure was important to James, as he believed it was based more on economic needs rather than racial divisions; the economic forces proved to be more influential than the racial boundaries did. James admits that this did not erase the presence of racism, it simply points out that greed for economic and class status were often considered more important than race and can thus influence race prejudice. However, because the elite continually tries to re-implement the order and establish their elite class over and over again, according to James. Within the slave community, James also distinguishes an ?upper? class of servants. These servants cultivated themselves and learned as much as they could. From their unique position, they could see the unfairness of society; their knowledge would later help them serve their people on a higher level."
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Adolescent Immigrants from Haiti, 2002.
This paper investigates the effects of a bilingual curriculum content on problems incurred by Haitian high school students.
4,697 words (approx. 18.8 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the wide variety of factors that, combined, cause difficulties for immigrant Haitian adolescents in American schools. The writer cites language and cultural differences, lack of motivation and parental support as a few of the issues that are reflected in the poor academic record of Haitian children. Finally, the writer proposes an educational system that is more open to students of Haitian background.
From the Paper
"In terms of absolute numbers, Haitians settling in the United States are not great in comparison to the nation?s population. Haitian immigrants, however, do bring with them significant and special problems with which both they and the nation must deal. Not least among these problems are those related to education for Haitian children and adolescents immigrating to the United States. Such problems are especially significant for adolescents who are expected to enter the American educational system at the secondary school level, as such students do not have the luxury of time to become acclimated to and prepared for academic demands of a foreign system."
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"Krik? Krak!" by Edwidge Danticat, 2005.
This paper discusses Edwidge Danticat's short stories "Krik? Krak!" about the conditions and lifestyles of Haitian women.
910 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Edwidge Danticat's nine interlaced short stories, which make up the novel "Krik? Krak!", focuses on the treatment of women who are beaten, imprisoned and raped in Haiti, on the horror that is retained as unforgettable memories of women after their escape from Haiti and on the children who must live vicariously through their parents' memoirs of the motherland. The author points out that critics acclaim the power of this collection of short stories as a complicated, yet connected, chorus of Haitian voices affirming survival. The paper relates that Danticat does not use emotion to fuel her stories; she simply states the facts within her own creative fictional accounts.
From the Paper
"Although not in a prison cell, another mother in the novel was locked into a different kind of hell because the hopelessness of her life was unfortunately almost impossible to rescue her son from experiencing. Little Guy was not aware of what would become his future, but his parents feared he would live the harsh meaningless lifestyles that they had. His mother especially worried about this after her husband killed himself and she was left alone to raise her son to become more than their circumstances should have allowed. Aside from knowing the right tricks to keep young Guy from hunger, she also kept him occupied by helping him recite his lines for the school play."
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"Breath, Eyes, Memory", 2002.
Examines this text on the oppression of Haitian women in their own society, from a feminist perspective.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
If there were a feminist novel, "Breath, Eyes, Memory" would truly be it. We see the troubled reality of oppression through the eyes of the character of Sophie, who makes us too well aware of the horrible crimes committed against women in Haitian society, crimes that have their legacy in the social construction of values that colonialism produced. At the same time, she is speaking up for women and clearly showing that they deserve a much better and fairer life.
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Family Structure, 2002.
A comparison of African-American, Haitian-American, and Jamaican-American family structures.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This five-page undergraduate paper compares African-American, Haitian-American, and Jamaican-American Family structure. The discussion includes births, weddings, deaths, elderly family member treatment, and adult children living with parents across each group.
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