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Hafiz Al-Asad, 2003.
A detailed analysis of the political, military and psychological means by which Hafiz al-Asad retained power in Syria for thirty years until his death in 2000.
3,146 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper assesses the political, military and psychological means by which Hafiz al-Asad retained power in Syria for thirty years until his death in 2000. With particular emphasis on the use of coercion, the paper gives an in-depth view of the internal politics of Syria, Asad's mechanisms of state control and coercion and the role of international relations on domestic Syrian affairs.
From the Paper
"Syria was a country that had undergone tremendous political turbulence in the years preceding Asad's ascent to power in November 1970. The last three decades of the twentieth century saw constant upheaval throughout the Middle East and President Asad faced repeated challenges both internally and externally. Asad's success in simply remaining in power is, therefore, worthy of analysis and, as with his counterpart in Iraq, Saddam Hussein, much has been made of the regime's use of coercion in order to maintain its position. Coercion, that is government by force, undoubtedly played a crucial role in shoring up Asad's powerful position within Syria and he was not afraid to use all military means at his disposal to swiftly quash any opponents of the regime. It would be a gross over-simplification, however, to assume that this was the sole means by which Asad's remarkably long-lived presidency ensured its own survival. It is, perhaps, more helpful to view the use of coercion by the regime as the last line of defence of a shrewd leader who, although ultimately reliant on the military to ensure the control of his nation, nonetheless employed a varied and effective strategy to maintain both Syria's position internationally and his position within Syria."
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Jalal Al Din Al Rumi, Sufi Poet, 2005.
A look at the poetry of Jalal Al Din Al Rumi and its impact on Sufi Islam.
2,378 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that understanding Al Rumi's poetry largely depends on a willingness to accept the complexity of the philosophical and spiritual ideas that they express and the manner in which they challenge the very notion of the self.
From the Paper
"Jalal El Din Al Rumi, a thirteenth century Moslem Sufi poet, is currently the most popularly read poet in the West. Norman M. Brown, the leader of the Community Unitarian Universalist Church in Daytona Beach, Florida, has an interesting theory regarding Al Rumi's popularity. As he argues, most people, whether conscious of it or not, have spiritual needs and desires. The rational outlook of twentieth century Western civilization suppresses these types of needs and desires, does not give them the opportunity to express or fulfill themselves and, as a result, many people become spiritually frustrated (Brown). The minority who are conscious of their spiritual frustration turn to various religions in search of some type of fulfillment. However, few, if any, of these religions provide such fulfillment. The exception to this, according to Norman M. Brown is Sufi "mystical" Islam which appears to address both human spiritual needs and emotions on one hand, and the human respect for rationality and intellect, on the other (Brown). As Brown argues, Sufi thought, combining between philosophy and spirituality, and concisely expressed in the poetry of Al Rumi, satisfy the inborn human spiritual and intellectual desires and, in this, lies the popularity of the Sufist poet in the West."
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Al-Marwardi and Nizam Al-Mulk: A Comparative Study, 2001.
This paper is a comparison of the texts, background and audiences of the writers, Mawardi and Nizam Al-Mulk.
1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 0 sources, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the texts of Mawardi and Nizam Al-Mulk and analyzes their contributions to Islamic culture. In addition, the times and the lives of these two great thinkers and the social ambiance that shaped their psyche are examined.
From the Paper
"Al-Mulk drew up a set of protocols for the governance of the empire called the Siyasat Nameh, the two most influential institutions of which were the offices of atabeg, and the right of iqta. Atabegs were military advisers to young princes who frequently ended up usurping the power entrusted to them, while iqta was a grant of the income from land to an official who was entrusted with its running. In theory no ownership in the land passed but in practice large hereditary estates developed. Both these institutions led to a massive decentralization of power and this in turn facilitated and prolonged the factional fighting which characterized the Seljuk period of power."
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Al-Qaeda's Terror Network, 2007.
This paper describes the internal structure and operations of the Al-Qaeda terror network.
3,793 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the author argues that the rapid changes in society have allowed power to shift to "non-state" actors. The most notorious among them is the Al-Qaeda terror network. In this paper, the organization of Al-Qaeda is evaluated and its international connections are considered the reason for Al-Qaeda's continued operations. The author also examines Al-Qaeda's financing and the shared religious beliefs among its members. The September 11th attacks are also discussed.
Outline:
Research Questions
Introduction
Loose Network of People Connections
Case 1: Bombings in Istanbul
Solid Structured Organization
Finances
Case 2: September 11, 2001
Leads of the Al-Qaeda
The Al-Qaeda Today
Case 3: The Madrid Train Bombing
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Al-Qaeda, the largest international terrorist network, is a distributed, roaming and non-territorial network. It functions as a hybrid peer-to-peer network through its combined use of advanced information technologies and traditional halawa exchanges, in which a central source triggers the actions that are carried out by individual nodes. It is organized in self-contained nodes that function autonomously and its responsibility and authority is devolved down to the lowest possible level. This networked structure of authority and accountability is most evident in al-Qaeda operations, as cells planned and carried out operations with considerable and independence."
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The Al Capone of Libya, 2008.
This paper draws parallels between Libyan leader, Muammar al-Qaddafi and famous gangster, Al Capone.
1,743 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a comparison of Al Capone, the Chicago gangster and leader of organized crime, and Muammar al-Qaddafi, the Libyan ruler. The paper shows how both Capone and Qaddafi were individuals that led an organization to control others on a large scale, using political and violent means to gain power. The paper explains that the correlations between the lives of Capone and Qaddafi are significant because they demonstrate the elements that are essential in creating future gangsters.
From the Paper
"In the late 1890s the term gangster began to be used in the United States, referring to the member of a gang that committed criminal acts and that was not accepted in society ("Gangster, 2007; "Gangster defintion", 2007). Criminal acts could be as simple as stealing a newspaper or an apple from the corner fruit stand. To be a gangster at the time simply meant that the individual was bad and that those he associated with were bad as well. However, when Al Capone began to be noticed as someone that was the leader of organized crime he was labeled as public enemy number one and the term gangster took on a completely new meaning. A gangster, in the eyes of the American criminal justice system, was an individual that attempted to live above the law, made a living committing criminal acts, was violent, a menace to the society of law abiding citizens and was a member of a gang that was known as organized crime."
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Al Qaeda, 2003.
An examination of al Qaeda's background and ideology.
5,750 words (approx. 23.0 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the ideology of al Qaeda terrorism. In particular, the paper attempts to understand why al Qaeda is particularly successful at attracting well-educated people in the Muslim world. The paper studies the appeal of radical Islamist terrorism, how it differs from terrorism of the 1970s and 1980s, and the emergence of the al-Qaeda movement. The paper then examines the theology of the al-Qaeda movement that glorifies death and the implications of radical religious based religious movements for the modern world. The paper concludes with an examination of the careers of the two top leaders of al-Qaeda: Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri.
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Qur'an: Surat Al-Kahf, 2008.
This paper discuses an extremely complex story from the Qur'an that is also imminent and informative of past history, Surat Al-Kahf.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the story from the Qur'an, Surat Al-Kahf, about Moses (Musa or Alai) and Al-Khidr (the Verdant One or the Fertile One). The author points out that research states that Al-Khidr was Koranic Idris that appears in Sura 18/66 in terms of the cave. The paper relates that, during the point when Moses met Khidr at the rivers, there were five particular laws of teachings or hanifs or illuminati: laws of involuntionary and evolutionary cycles, of emanation and manifestation, of the heart-mind (galb), of science of light (hikmat al-ilraq) and of the spiritual communion with the hierarchical beings. The author states that popular tradition suggests that Al-Khidr, the Green One, lived during the time of the biblical prophet Abraham and that he still may be seen at sacred places. The paper concludes that the person named, the Verdent One, still plays the critical role in Islamic mysticism.
From the Paper
"One day, Moses delivered a sermon that was so powerful that people were so overwhelmed. Everyone had his attention and vowed to follow his advice. A person asked Moses, since he is the messenger of Allah, is there anyone else that is so equivalent in his teachings. Moses replied no, thinking to himself that Allah gave him this wisdom to persuade and guide, which is an honor coming from the Torah. However, Moses thought to himself, there have to be another person with greater wisdom and further knowledge than me. Moses prayed to Allah to identify this person or give him a sign that would notify him of this person with greater wisdom and knowledge (min ladunni ilma) than Moses."
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Al Qaeda and 9/11, 2005.
This paper discusses the motivations, goals and strategies behind Al Qaeda's attack on the United States, September 11, 2001.
3,275 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that bin Laden continued the development of his ideological and religious radicalization and military acumen while fighting with guerrilla-style Islamic troops against the Soviets in Afghanistan in the 1980s. He became a raging tyrant against American and Saudi Arabia after the kingdom invited U.S. troops to use an air station in Saudi Arabia. The author points out that the motivation for members of the Al Qaeda Islamic combines both religious fanaticism and cool pragmatism. The paper relates that an example of the sophistication employed by al Qaeda in the pre-planning and strategic military preparation for September 11's attacks is that the 19 trained Muslim hijackers were kept in the dark about the specifics of the operation because letting all 19 know the details would risk one or more of them sharing that information with someone who might not be able to keep it secret.
Table of Contents
Bin Laden's Motivation
The Philosophy and Methods of al Qaeda's Terrorism
Military Training
New Breed of Terrorists
Motivation and Bloodthirsty Strategy on a Spiritual Level
Funding
The al Qaeda Military Strategy: Do Not Tell the Hijackers their Mission
The 9/11 Commission Report: What Happened and Why?
From the Paper
"While at the university bin Laden also began studying the thinking of Egyptian Islamic radical, Sayyid Qutb, "whose writings deeply influence bin Laden's religious views", according to Bin Laden, Islam and America's New War on Terrorism. Qutb was an influential fundamentalist thinker and agitator who was arrested by Nasser, the Egyptian president, and executed in 1966. The writings of Qutb continue to inspire and motivate Islamic extremists throughout the world. Bin Laden obviously picked up some of his rhetoric and hate from Qutb's writings, in particular the "takfir method". A "kafir" in Arabic is "an infidel or unbeliever" and to "declare takfir is to ascertain who is the unbeliever in the midst." I t's important to note that Qutb was not talking just about Americans or westerners as "infidels" - he was talking about fellow Muslims who were not taking up the campaign of violence against the west."
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Al-Qaeda, 2005.
This paper examines the goals and motivations behind the Afghanistan based al-Qaeda terrorist organization.
1,414 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper delves into the origins of the pro-jihad, pan-Islamic Al-Qaeda terrorist organization. This paper discusses the ideology of the organization, while also profiling its leader, the man believed to be the mastermind behind the 9/11 terror attack, Osama bin Laden. The writer of this paper examines Iraq's direct involvement with Al-Qaeda and that of Islamic terrorist Abu Musab al-Zarqawi who heads the Iraqi branch of the organization. This paper explores the relationship between bin Laden and al-Zarqawi as well as the groups terrorist training camps which are located throughout in the middle east. This paper also discusses the strategies used by the U.S. and Britain in combating the increasing terror coming out of both Iraq and Afghanistan.
From the Paper
"The leadership of both conjoined terrorist groups shows the national diversity of the leaders of terrorist organizations of the Muslim world, as Osama bin Laden is a Saudi, while a Jordanian leads the Iraqi group, as well as the different techniques open to the groups, from bombs to poisons, to engage in acts of mass terror. In terms of its current choice of activities, the United States military has attributed some of Iraq's bloodiest suicide bombings and some hostage beheadings to Tanzeem Qaedat Al Jihad Fee Bilad Al Rafidain. The military also believes that the group has long used Fallujah as its key base and continues to do so, despite United States control and the attempts to instate a new Iraqi government. The group now known as Tanzeem Qaedat Al Jihad Fee Bilad Al Rafidain has long used highly inflammatory ways of conveying its message and committing its acts of violence against innocent American civilians, most notably the beheading of a United States civilian."
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Financing Al-Qaeda, 2007.
An examination of Al-Qaeda's operational cash sources and how governments are attempting to limit their funding.
3,145 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the funding sources for al-Qaeda's past and current terrorist activities. The paper reports ways in which governments are attempting to block funds for terrorists. It discusses problems with some of the methods used to determine what money is being channeled to terrorist groups and reviews suggestions on how their efforts might be enhanced and improved.
Table of Contents:
Financing Al-Qaeda
Funding The Attacks Of September 11, 2001
Counterfeit Fund-raising
Solutions For Cutting Off Al-Qaeda Funding Sources
Islamic Charities Linked To Al-Qaeda
Counter-terrorism And Reality
"Shell Companies" Are Easy To Create
From the Paper
"Meanwhile, some caution should be used when federal agencies in the U.S. seize assets of Islamic charities they believe to be connected to Al-Qaeda. That is the viewpoint of Patricia Rodriguez-Rey, whose thesis at the Naval Postgraduate School (Rodriguez-Rey 2006 p. 1) points to the fact that "Islamic charities account for a large portion of humanitarian assistance throughout the world." In her research paper ("A Balancing Act: Anti-Terror Financing Guidelines & Their Effects on Islamic Charities") the writer explains that the law enforcement agency within the Justice Department that handles seizures of charity-related assets is the Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) division. Unfortunately, the PATRIOT ACT policies often "require little proof before assets are frozen and groups are blacklisted" (Rodriguez-Rey p. 4), and that can be unfair and unproductive."
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Al Qa'ida and Osama Bin laden, 2006.
This paper examines the origins, leadership and structure of the Al Qa'ida terrorist network.
2,559 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a broad outline of the various known elements and aspects of the Al Qa'ida terrorist network, with a special focus on the role Osama Bin Laden. A brief biography of Bin Laden's life is presented, as well as a history of the organization. The role of fundamentalist Islamic ideologies in relation to Al Qa'ida is examined as well as Al Qa'ida's links to international militant Islamic organizations. Terror attacks attributed to Al Qa'ida are also highlighted.
Abstract
Origins
Osama Bin Laden
From the Paper
"A crucial part of the history of Al Qa'ida is that the fight against the Soviet Union was not conducted in conventional terms, but was seen as a holy war against the aggressor. This resulted in volunteers and supporters from throughout the Muslim world rallying to the call. Furthermore, the resistance experience fused together Islamic fighters from a wide range of backgrounds and views to create the central kernel of the new organization. "Muslims from Algeria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Southeast Asia, and beyond fought side by side, forging relationships and creating a cadre of veterans who shared a powerful life experience, a more global view,..." (Jenkins 2002. p. 3)"
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Latin Kings v. Al-Qaeda, 2006.
A comparative analysis of the differences between the organized crime of the Latin Kings Street Gang and the Al-Qaeda terrorist group.
2,098 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the Latin Kings, which are the largest Hispanic gang and the terrorist group Al-Qaeda which became the most infamous terrorist organization after the September 11th attacks on the United States. The paper discusses how even though these organizations have many similarities in how they operate as well as many differences. It looks at how some similarities involve the fact that they have leadership structures, are involved in criminal activities and will not hesitate to take the life of anyone who opposes the organization. It also examines how some of the differences between the groups include the reasons the organizations came to be, their motivation for action and the willingness to die for the organization.
Outline:
Introduction
History of the Latin Kings
History of Al-Qaeda
Latin Kings v. Al-Qaeda: Similarities
Latin Kings v. Al-Qaeda: Differences
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Unlike the Latin Kings, the terrorist organization of Al-Qaeda has not been in existence nearly as long. In Arabic Al-Qaeda means, "The Base," and is a network of extremists organized by Osama bin-Laden. (Hayes & Brunner, 2006). Bin-Laden is said to have begun Al-Qaeda during the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq in 1990 after studying with radical Islamic thinkers. Bin-Laden became outraged when the government allowed U.S. troops to be stationed in Saudi Arabia which is considered the birthplace of Islam. The Saudi Arabian government expelled bin-Laden for anti-government activities in 1991. (Hayes & Brunner, 2006). Upon being expelled from Saudi Arabia, he established a headquarters for Al-Qaeda in Khartoum, Sudan. However, in 1994 under pressure from Saudi Arabia and the U.S., Sudan expelled bin-Laden as well. "
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The Al Qa'ida Trans-national Terrorist Network, 2006.
A report on the organizational structure and qualities that characterize the transnational terrorist network known as "Al Qa'ida".
3,327 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper provides information on the history and origins of the Al Qa'ida Trans-national Terrorist Network and describes particular qualities that characterize this organization. Aspects such as the origins of the name "Al Qa'ida", Al Qa'ida's networking style of operation, its membership and hierarchy, its doctrine and ideology are discussed, as well as the modus operandi of the organization and the threat it poses to the world.
Table of Contents
Name
Definition
Geographical Location
Size of Organization
Membership
Resources and Finances
Leadership and Senior Members
Chain of Command
Organizational Structure
History
Doctrine
Motivation
Strategy
Record of Attacks
Weapons
Internet Activities
Summary
From the Paper
"Al Qa'ida, which means the "Foundation "or the "Base" in Arabic, is the general name given to this organization, which is seen as a worldwide or transnational network or alliance of militant Islamic organizations. (Wikipedia: Al Qa'ida) However there are some disparities and ambiguities that must be mentioned in relation to the naming of this organization. Firstly, the name "al-Qa'ida", while a recognized name within the popular mind, is a designation that the organization does not often use to identify itself. Furthermore, the origins of the name is disputed in some quarters and "some allege it was coined by the United States government based on the name of a computer file of Bin Laden's that listed the names of contacts he had made at the MAK in the Bait al-Ansar guesthouse during the late 1980s." ( ibid) The name, which refers to the training camp for the militants, has however become the common designation for the organization."
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Al-Qaeda, 2005.
A discussion on al-Qaeda in the world community today.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether al-Qaeda is still a threat to the world community. It outlines history of al-Qaeda and its ideology, which differs fundamentally from "traditional" terrorist organizations with specific political causes. The author argues that al-Qaeda has "metastized" from an organization into an ideology and cause.
From the Paper
"On a Monday morning in the late summer this writer got a phone call from a friend telling him to turn on CNN. "Buddy, we're under attack," the friend said. What the writer and millions of other Americans saw in the ..."
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Al Qaeda, 2005.
This paper is an AGIL analysis to al Qaeda.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that terrorist activities can be examined as features of a general structural process, but it should be noted that al Qaeda's AGIL process is often distorted by factors not commonly faced by other organizations. The author explains that, in applying the AGIL process to the terrorist organization known as al Qaeda, factors such as adaptation, goal attainment, integration and latency are evident. The paper points out that these factors operate in al Qaeda to a more limited degree than they do in more traditional and mainstream organizations.
From the Paper
"In applying the AGIL process to the terrorist organization known as al Qaeda, it is evident that factors such as adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency continue to al Qaeda, but to a more limited degree than they do in more traditional and mainstream organizations. Terrorist activities can be examined as features of a general structural process, but it should be noted that al Qaeda's AGIL process is often distorted by factors not commonly faced by other organizations. For example, many of al Qaeda's functions are in conflict more often and are "on" or "off" more frequently and unexpectedly because of the global war on terror, which compels al Qaeda leaders, strategists, financiers, and cell members to be reactive much more often than they can be proactive."
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