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Growth and Modernization Models.
An analysis of the economic development in the developing countries from 1945 to the 1960s.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the meaning and purpose of development for the third world during the period of 1945 to the 1960s. The paper begins with a review of various theories of growth and modernization, which all focused on the lack of capital infusion. Next the paper assesses structuralist theory, which saw industrialization as the principle path to modernization. This, too, was being hampered by a lack of capital. The paper then critiques both of these models, before turning to a review of the basic needs approach.
From the Paper
"Martinuusen discussed the structuralist model based on the works of Latin American structuralists and Gunnar Myrdal, an author of vast sphere but whose basic proposition coincides with those of the classical structuralists. According to Martinussen (1997) the structuralists regard industrialization as the principal path to development. Celso Furtado and Oswaldo Sunkel (cf. Furtado, 1965) cited by Martinuusen (1997, 74) asserted that development can be achieved with industrial growth and the subsequent absorption of the workforce in the manufacturing sector. This is something which the structuralists share with Lewis though they (the structuralists ) further argued for increasing wages in the modern sector in order to achieve increased purchasing power for the domestic market. Industrialization, however is hampered by lack of capital which could be attributed to at least two reasons."
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Growth and Modernization in Developing Countries, 2006.
This paper examines the methods and strategies used in developing and modernizing poor and underprivileged countries post-WWII and up to the 1960s.
2,404 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper discusses the basic tools needed for the economic development of poor and underprivileged countries which include: Capital accumulation, industrialization, foreign aid and development planning. This paper focuses on the years after WWII and up to the 1960s and the economic problems facing poor and under-developed countries. After WWII these countries could not rely on international trade. The less developed countries needed substantial capital and resources to start the industrialization process which would result in more jobs and an increase in productivity which in turn would increase the income of the working class citizen. The writer of this paper discusses the methods and strategies that were utilized to increase productivity in various Latin-American countries. This paper also touches on the World Bank's involvement in assisting these same countries while committing to end poverty and social injustice.
Outline:
Theories of Growth and Modernization
Structuralist Theories
Critique of the Growth and Modernization Models
A Shift to Basic Needs Approach
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The Latin American experience with import substitution together with the fact that a large segment of the population did not get sizable benefits from the growth in the modern industrial sector and the limitation imposed by the domestic market led structuralists to adjust their approach beginning in the 1980's. Among the adjustments were: emphasis on developing the entrepreneurial class to lead in the export thrust without abandoning their basic proposition that development must come from within; redefine the role of the state by deemphasizing control-centered interventions in favor of a more facilitating kind."
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Making People Count: Church Growth in Modern Times, 2006.
A discussion regarding the Christian Church and it's success strategy.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 10 sources, $ 178.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how in Chapter 2 of the Book of Acts the apostles are confronted with the mission of growing a flock of faithful that will serve and spread the word of God. The evolution of this process was founded in a devotion to the Lord and the willingness of those souls present to focus their lives on their new association with Christianity. The paper further discusses how throughout time, church leaders have made attempts to increase the size of their congregations using a variety of methods, many of which have been based on greed rather than a focus on God. Other methods have received worldwide acclaim for their business approach to religious organization and their focus on building a congregation far beyond the realm of the local community.
From the Paper
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Economic Growth Models, 2004.
This paper discusses economic growth models, especially the Solow-Swan model and the New Growth Theory models.
2,940 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the neoclassical growth model, also known as the Solow-Swan model, was considered the basis of any research on economic growth; however, the neoclassical model treated technological progress as an exogenous factor to the model, and this led to some puzzles that it could not answer. The author points out that the endogenous model that appeared in the 1980s stressed the importance of immaterial resources that had an impact on economic growth, resources such as human capital and R&D that improved technological progress and increased economic growth; the subsequent models that followed were included in the New Growth Theory trend and endogenized economic growth. The paper examines three cases of fiscal policy using government spending as growth determinants: increased government expenditures without raising taxes, tax reduction without reducing government expenditure, and increased government expenditure with constant taxes. Economic notation used.
Table of Contents
The Solow-Swan Neoclassical Growth Model
The New Growth Theory and Endogenous Models
Fiscal Policy and Government Spending as Growth Determinants
Literature Review
From the Paper
"We should take a closer look at these statements starting from the Cobb-Douglas production function Y = AKaL1-a. The idea is to endogenize the exogenous factor A. In order to do so, let?s frst write a Cobb-Douglas production function for each individual firm:
Yi = Ai Ki aLi 1-a. Concerned with the factor Ai, Arrows argued that this is represents knowledge and learning accumulated in the society throughout time with collective investments and is a common and free good to all firms. How is it accumulated? Arrow relates this accumulation to the aggregate capital in an economy by the function Ai = Gz,
where G signifies the capital accumulation, which will be used in a proportion equal to z by the firm. Following in the Cobb-Douglas individual production function, Yi = Gz Ki aLi 1-a. Note that in this equation, K, L and Y are individual firm-related, while G is economy wide, as we have agreed above. If we consider that at an aggregate level, G = K, then our equation becomes Y = K a+z L 1-a."
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Growth and Development Theories, 2006.
A commentary on the discussions and readings on the growth and modernization models of developing countries from World War II through the 1960s.
2,372 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes various theories of growth and modernization and finds that they share a prognosis that lack of capital is a critical element. The paper gives several reasons for this lack. The paper reviews the history of different growth and modernization models, focusing on Asian economies. It compares the structuralist and substantivist schools' approaches to development and examines the dependency theory in the context of the Philippine economy. The paper concludes with the contemporary evaluation of economic development, the Human Development Index, first released by the United Nations Development Program in 1990, noting that the HDI much better measures the problems of poverty and ignorance.
Table of Contents:
Theories of Growth and Modernization
Structuralist Theories
Critique of the Growth and Modernization Models
A Shift to Basic Needs Approach
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The Latin American experience with import substitution together with the fact that a large segment of the population did not get sizable benefits from the growth in the modern industrial sector and the limitation imposed by the domestic market led structuralists to adjust their approach beginning in the 1980's. Among the adjustments were: emphasis on developing the entrepreneurial class to lead in the export thrust without abandoning their basic proposition that development must come from within; redefine the role of the state by deemphasizing control-centered interventions in favor of a more facilitating kind."
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Economic Models, 2004.
Looks at different economic models and their usefulness in resolving issues of whether or not a monopoly exists.
5,640 words (approx. 22.6 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper uses the example of the increasing monopolization of the telecommunications industry to demonstrate the need for economic models that can help resolve issues of monopolization. The paper describes the purpose of economic models, the different types of models, and some of the factors and data that the models consider.
Outline
An Agent-Based Economic Model
Telecommunications market structure, development, and impact studies
Demand analysis and forecasting studies, modeling
Service and Network Cost Studies and Models
Comparative tariff, policy, and market analyses
Tariff Model -- International Comparisons
OECD Basket Comparisons of Telephone Services Charges - August 1997
Multivariable Regression
The Classical Model
The Classical Model of Production and Employment
Labor Demand
Labor Supply
Equilibrium
Aggregate Supply and Demand
Loanable Funds
Taxes on Labor Income
Animal Spirits
The Keynesian IS/LM Model
Tax Model (The Simple Keynesian Model)
Paradox of Thrift
The Mundell-Fleming Model
Real Business Cycles
The IS/MP Model
From the Paper
"With the agressive deregulation in the telecommunications industry in the United States and Europe during the early to mid-1990?s, it seemed that the local monopolies would be forced to unbundle their networks. However, MCI WorldCom, the second largest US long distance telecommunications company, announced in October 1999, that it would acquire Sprint, the third largest US long distance company, in the biggest corporate takeover in history. The merger is valued at $129 billion in cash, stock and debt. The resulting firm will be second only to AT&T in the US telecommunications industry, a company with, as of 1999, $65 billion in annual revenue, 142,000 workers and 40 million business and residential customers (McGaughlin, 1999)."
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Models of Family Therapy, 2008.
This paper discusses and explains different models of family therapy.
1,622 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at different models and forms of therapy for families that are experiencing problems. The writer notes that natural therapy is a form of psychotherapy that does not allow for medications, but that uses techniques that are aimed at assisting the individual to overcome issues through a natural approach. The writer looks at cognitive behavioral therapy in which the problem is seen to exist through the individual's thoughts and actions. The writer then discusses structural therapy and strategic family therapy. The writer maintains that the solution focused model of family therapy identifies the outcomes that the family desires and uses those outcomes as the focus of the therapy. In the narrative model the writer notes that clients are asked to take part in a narrative history of life and in collaborative therapy the patient and the therapist work as partners in the discovery of issues and the implementation of solutions to the issues.
Outline:
Natural System Model
Cognitive-Behavioral Model
Structural Model
Problem Focus Model
Strategic Model
Solution-Focused Model
Narrative Model
Collaborative Language System Model
From the Paper
"Change for the patient requires that the thoughts and actions impacting the person's life must be identified initially. This may occur through the patient speaking with the therapist and answering questions that serve to allow the therapist to determine where the issues exist. However, the patient should be the one that identifies the problem areas through discussion so that he or she is capable of understanding that change is significant.
"Techniques used in cognitive behavioral therapy are implemented once the identification of the problem has occurred. The therapist may give the patient "homework" and a new mental or physical response to a situation. That new response is used by the patient in place of the negative response and it is through practice that a new method of thought or behavior can be experienced on an ongoing basis, replacing the former thoughts and action."
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e-Marketing Models, 2008.
This paper reviews several e-marketing business models and how they relate to Amazon.com.
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, with all the different models and their variations, it is important for a company to select one or a combination of models best suited to the organizational business plan. The author points out that the brokerage model, which brings buyers and sellers together, includes online auctions, such as eBay.com, and search agents that search the Internet for requested pricing or products, such as Indeed.com. The paper relates that the merchant model is used by Lands' End and Apple iTunes music store. The author explains that the affiliate model offers various purchase opportunities wherever people may be surfing by offering financial incentives to the site owner. The paper explains that the online shopping mall Amazon.com, which uses a combination e-marketing model, provides buyers with a "one stop shopping" experience, by handling the entire transaction from selection, payment to fulfillment and shipping for its virtual merchants such as Target and Weight Watchers.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Brokerage Model
Merchant Model
Affiliate Model
Amazon.com
4 P's of Marketing
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Amazon.com is constantly looking at the different means for reaching new and existing customers, whether it is a specific email campaign that is written to the 4 P's of email marketing: Permission, Privacy, Profiling and Personalization. They only email potential customers who have given their permission to receive emails. They respect the privacy of their customer's information. Amazon.com is well known for gathering information on their customer's spending habit which allows them to personalize their emails to their customers. By understanding their customer's buying habits and interests, they are in affect creating individualized marketing campaigns.".
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Biomedical and Biopsychosocial Models, 2007.
A comparative analysis of the biomedical and biopsychosocial models of illness.
1,198 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the biomedical model is defined as a conceptual model of illness based exclusively upon biologic factors. When diagnosing and treating a person's medical illness or disorder in accordance with the biomedical model, psychological and social factors are unfortunately excluded from consideration. The paper then discusses, how in contrast to the biomedical model, the biopsychosocial model is more all-encompassing because it is based upon a holistic view of health and attaches priority to the psychosocial context of an illness when interpreting and diagnosing mental conditions.
From the Paper
" These two models can be compared and contrasted in a number of ways, but one of the most illustrative ways is to demonstrate how each model would be applied to a case in which a patient is complaining of chest pain. In a biomedical model approach, the physician would focus on physical causes of disease, examine the patient's recent diet, pain history, family and history of heart disease, and look for empirical signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction. In addition, objective lab tests would be done and vital signs such as temperature, pulse, and blood pressure would be checked. Based upon these procedures and results, the physician would prescribe treatment based solely on biological etiology and pathogenesis."
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Economic Models of Voting, 2004.
An overview of the competency and low-cost economic models of voting.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how it is generally believed that the more the economy grows or slows down, the more all voters reward or punish the incumbent party for improving or worsening their economic situation and how presidential approval ratings often drive the results of the economic models of voting. It looks at how these approval ratings are typically conceptualized as capturing both non-economic factors and other economic factors beyond near-election economic growth. It discuss two major economic models, the competency and low-cost of voting, both of which show how economic outcomes may affect party choice.
From the Paper
"It is logical to expect public support for the EU, as a relatively new political system, to be more responsive to short-run policy outcomes than is public support for political institutions in mature democracies. In other words, EU institutions might not benefit from broad legitimacy. Thus, the European publics have a tendency to blame EU institutions rather than policy-makers for short-run policy failures. However, even if this is the case, only a weak theoretical connection exists between EU policy and domestic economic performance (Palmer 1995). Until very recently, the EU was responsible for neither fiscal nor monetary policies. And while EU membership represents a constraint on national economic policies, historically, this effect has been indirect."
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The Attitudinal Model and the Rational Choice Model, 2006.
A comparative analysis between the effectiveness of the attitudinal model and the rational choice model fo studying law.
2,633 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between the Attitudinal Model and the Rational Choice Model for studying the law and the courts. This paper looks into how both models are used to understand the courts, in particular the United States Supreme Court. In addition, through a comparative analysis both models are applied to circumstances to determine which model is most appropriate when trying to understanding how the courts establish and define law.
From the Paper
"At first glance the attitudinal model and the rational choice (Strategic) model for studying the law and the courts seem vastly different. Essentially this is because they serve different purposes. The Attitudinal Model seeks to explain why justices (for our purposes justices on the Supreme Court) vote the way that they do, and the running premise is that they do so to implement their own personal policy preferences into the law. The Strategic Model seeks to explain the collective decision making process of the Supreme Court, focusing on what constrains, controls and influences the justices' decisions. However, the relationship between the Attitudinal Model and the Strategic Model for studying the law and the courts is not as clear-cut as this. This is because in an analysis of their essential foundations and applications, the strategic model, although different and contradictory at times, supplements the Attitudinal Model."
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Internet E-Business Models, 2005.
This paper looks at differences and similarities between different types of Internet e-business models.
1,754 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the similarities and differences between the three main types of e-business models prevalent on the Internet today. The writer explains that there are different e-business business models and then relates that these include business-to-business (B2B) like Intel, business-to-consumer (B2C) like Eddie Bauer, and consumer-to-consumer (C2C) like eBay. Each example website is evaluated in terms of target audience, functionality, and capability characteristic and unique to each model. After assessment, recommendations for each example company are provided. The paper also identifies and assesses the differences and similarities between these e-business models.
From the Paper
"Regarding the methods in which these businesses reach their target audience, although Intel offers lengthy and thoroughly detailed product information, it does not offer any products for sale directly from their main website, thus no shopping cart, pre-order, wish list, or order status. Rather, the website provides a tool in which the customer can choose the right product for their needs through a selectable question and answer method, and provides links to suggested online retailers. It stands to reason that these online retailers have an ongoing relationship with Intel as they provide links to their websites. Intel must not have a department in which to do this. These characteristics signify the likelihood that Intel's main focus in on B2B marketing and sales. "
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Models of Communication, 2007.
A comparison of the broadcast model of communication with the dialogue model of communication.
1,211 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper asserts that the broadcast model of communication, while superficially attractive, contains many disadvantages. The paper then compares the broadcast model of communication with the dialogue model of communication, which privileges privacy and security in inter-personal communications and argues that the dialogue model is superior. The paper also discusses the views of John Peters regarding the dialogue model, as expressed in "An excerpt from Speaking into the Air: A History of the Idea of Communication" and asserts that Peters' repudiation of the dialogic model of communication is ill-founded.
From the Paper
"To close briefly, the preceding paper has asserted that Mr. Peters' repudiation of the dialogic model of communication is ill-founded. While far from perfect, the dialogue model of communication is still a model that offers the greatest likelihood of securing privacy and intimacy - and privacy is of paramount concern when seeking to facilitate the exchange of "truth" among parties. Moreover, private letters or correspondences which "go astray" are not automatically useless scraps of paper or information inasmuch as those scraps of paper or information offer the prospect of universally understood signs and symbols - signs and symbols which can be ultimately exploited by unscrupulous third parties. In the end, the dialogue model of communication is a better goal or ideal to motivate the evaluation of communication."
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Pain and Three Nursing Conceptual Models, 2004.
An examination of the concept of pain in the clinical area and how to adhere to JCAHO's standards using conceptual models from Orem, Neuman, and Roy.
3,103 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how pain is a global problem that affects all people during their life and how poorly treated pain is a major concern for the millions of Americans currently suffering with pain. It looks at how heath care strives to deliver optimal care and treat patients effectively and how the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) has developed pain management quality standards that must be implemented by all health care organizations to be accredited. It shows how providers need help to integrate these standards for optimal pain management and how conceptual models developed by nursing theorists can be useful tools to guide clinical practice. In particular, it explores Orem?s Self-Care Framework, Neuman?s System Model, and Roy?s Adaptation Model as examples of conceptual models that can be used to analyze possible approaches to solving health care problems and clinical concerns.
From the Paper
"Roy?s Model guides pain management with a nursing process, which includes a behavioral assessment, a stimuli assessment, nursing diagnosis, goal setting, plans for implementation, and evaluation. Each step takes into consideration the patient?s perceptions and desires into account. Behavioral assessment is completed keeping in mind the four modes of adaptation. The four modes of adaptation are physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. This allows for a systematic and holistic approach in recognizing the patients? right to proper pain assessment. In the physiological mode, a thorough assessment investigates the underlying disease process of the pain. Once treatment is implemented for the illness or injury causing pain, the focus moves into the actual elimination of pain."
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