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Group Influence, 2006.
A discussion regarding the influence of a group on the brainstorming process.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the brainstorming process and the three primary factors involved being the individual, the group and the influence that occurs because of the group. The paper further discusses that it could also be contended that a fourth element of the change in the individual's beliefs is evident. The focus of this paper is the pressure that society places on individuals to conform to group norms. Each segment of the paper demonstrates how an individual was influenced to change his mind because of the actions or attitudes of the group.
From the Paper
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In-groups and Out-groups, 2005.
Examines the difference between in-groups and out-groups.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the difference between in-groups and out-groups and gives real life examples of working in each type of group. It explores issues of stereotyping, belonging and bias.
From the Paper
"If we see someone else as belonging to the same group we are in we tend to have a positive view towards them and give them preferential treatment ..."
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Effect of Group Composition on Group Dynamics, 2004.
It?s not just a matter of bringing a group of people together; the sorts of people brought together can change the sort of group constructed.
4,361 words (approx. 17.4 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
This essay examines how the composition of a group, whether for therapeutic or business reasons, affects the outcomes and group goals that can eventuate. The essay contends that group composition needs to be both homogeneous and heterogeneous enough to allow for group processes to occur, i.e. group stages, for the group dynamic to progress and group goals to be achieved.
From the Paper
"While it is true that a group is made up of individuals, and without those individuals there would be no group, it is quite impossible to judge the ?sort of group? that will eventuate from merely examining the ?sorts of people? that constitute it. Doing so would be like ?explain[ing] the shifting pattern of a kaleidoscope by taking the tube to pieces and listing the fragments found inside? (Thompson and Kahn, 1970: 12). Systems theorists have long posited, in opposition to individual psychological explanations of group behaviour, that when individuals ?merge into a group? something new is created? (Lewin, 1951: 57). This new entity, although comprised of individuals, is believed to be ?greater than the sum of its parts? and thus the dynamic that is created within the group is not directly attributed to any one individual but rather the unique interrelationship between those individuals and the force that this interrelationship has on group functioning."
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"Joining Together: Group Theory And Group Skills" ( D. W. Johnson and F. P. Johnson ), 2002.
Examines the pattern of ideas in this book on group dynamics.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 23.95
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Abstract
Examines the pattern of ideas in this book on group dynamics. Primacy of the group in individual life experience. Group theory applied to effective problem solving. Factors of effective communication, social interaction, cooperation and leadership. Idea that social interaction can function for good or ill. Dynamics of social interchange. Types of groups.
From the Paper
"This research examines the pattern of ideas in Joining Together: Group Theory & Group Skills by Johnson and Johnson, as well as the means by which the authors articulate their view of the primacy of group dynamics in individual life experience. The research will set forth the principal lines of thought in the text and then discuss the value of a solid grounding in group theory to the practice of effective problem solving via effective communication, social interaction, cooperation, and leadership.
Group theory cannot be understood apart from the concept of dynamics, i.e., that groups are living things, functioning as a consequence of communication and leadership (Johnson & Johnson, 2000, p. 38), and functioning in a continual state of change. Indeed, changing patterns of communication and leadership are the ..."
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The Clapham and the Bloomsbury Groups, 2002.
An examination and comparison of two groups which influenced British history, religion and politics - the Clapham Sect and the Bloomsbury Group.
2,009 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The Clapham sect was a group of well-to-do, aristocratic evangelical Englishmen who had an enormous impact on England in the 18th century and helped abolish the slave trade. The paper describes how they supported the missionary movement and domestic social reform, such as prison reform. In spite of their small numbers, their influence was wide, and their thinking enlightened for the time. The paper describes how they were intimately related to the Bloomsbury group, as some of their descendants became core members of this Group, and the Clapham wealth often financed the lifestyle of its free-thinking descendants. The paper compares these two groups and shows that although some of their attitudes toward society and religion were markedly different, both groups were characterized by their small size, large influence on their culture, and willingness to step outside society?s current mores and rules and forge their own cohesive values. And yet, even though the wealth and legacy of Clapham descendents funded some of the most prominent members of the Bloomsbury Group such as E.M. Forster, they also ended up being some of their ancestors' harshest critics.
From the Paper
"The Clapham Sect did not limit their evangelism to Britain, but to all the places that Britain touched, such as India, where they had a big impact. The East India Company, a privately owned stock company, had done business in the Far East on behalf of England since 1613. By the late 1700s Charles Grant challenged this policy. After he lost two children to smallpox Grant, a successful businessman in India, underwent a religious conversion. Grant was prominent in the Eat India Company, and eventually became its chairman and director, in 1805. He was appalled by the Indian customs of burning or drowning lepers, and ritual burning of widows, and he was disappointed by the indifference of British rulers in India. He found allies in the Clapham Sect, who in 1793 tried but failed to alter the charter of the East India company. They did get certain evangelicals appointed a East India Company chaplains, and in 1813, when the company?s charter came due for renewal, the Clapham sect mobilized public opinion."
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The Influence of Environmental Organizations on U.S. Policy, 2006.
An in-depth discussion on the influence of three environmental organizations on U.S. Federal Government environmental policy.
3,399 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
There are many environmental groups which have a tremendous effect on the policy of the United States with regards to the environment. This paper explores how three of these groups, the Sierra Club, Environmental Defense, and the National Audubon Society have exerted their power to effect federal governmental policy. The paper gives the background and mission of these organizations as well as some notable accomplishments and further goes on to explore their sources of power in exerting their influence as well as the claims that they have too much undue influence over federal government policy.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Sierra Club
Environmental Defense
National Audubon Society
Influence of Environmental Groups
Conclusion
From the Paper
"These are some heavy charges to be levied against the environmental groups and those who the Center for the Defense of Free enterprise feels are in concert with it. One of the reasons this group might feel this way is because groups such as the Sierra Club, Environmental defense, and the national Audubon Society have pushed for years to keep the rainforests from being cut down which hurts the interest of lumber group. They have also pushed for tougher standards for car emissions hurting the interests of car makers, and they have pushed for standards on how companies can dispose of their waste products which often costs companies millions to comply."
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Social Influence, 2007.
This paper argues that the maltreatment of prisoners of war at Abu-Ghraib was only due to social influences.
978 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that social influence is the phenomena by which people are coerced into behaviors that they would not normally display. The paper asserts that the soldiers involved in the inhumane treatment of prisoners of war at Abu-Ghraib should not be held individually responsible for their actions. The paper contends that only due to the social influence of the group mindset, coupled with the daily stresses of being in a war zone, they acted in such a way.
Outline:
Introduction
Social Influence
From the Paper
"In January 2004 upper level military personnel received word that a SGT had filed concerns that some of his fellow military police guards were treating prisoners of war badly(Hasenauer, 2004)."
"The ensuing investigation lasted seven months and was conducted by several agencies before the final determination was made that prisoners of war in Abu Ghraib were treated inhumanely by American soldiers. It was a story that was heard around the world as anger mounted against the Americans who claimed to be fighting against Saddam's regime and inhumane treatment of people and then did the same thing to prisoners of war."
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Gender and Upward Influence: An Indian Study, 2008.
A look at a study by K. Asha, A. Mahfooz, and R. Himanshu, that was carried out on interactions between Indian male and female workers, entitled "Gender, Affect and Upward Influence: An Indian Study".
878 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper describes and critiques the research study, "Gender, Affect and Upward Influence: An Indian Study", hypothesizing that in Indian mixed-sex workforce groups, interactions between males and females continue to be dominated by attitudes that women hold a lower social status than men. The paper explains that study examines the usage of upward influence (UI) in the workplace environment and contradicts previous studies that indicate little or no difference in UI strategies between males and females in the workplace. The paper also explains that the study uses a combination of survey methodology to prove eight separate hypotheses and includes interviews.
Outline:
Description of the Experiment
Independent and Dependent Variables
Sampling Used
Reliability and Validity of the Experiment
From the Paper
"Gender will become an increasingly important issue in the Indian business world, as businesses continue to hire greater numbers of women to fill the labor void created by an expanding market. This research study hypothesizes that in mixed-sex workforce groups, interactions between males and females continue to be dominated by attitudes that women hold a lower social status than men. The study examines the usage of upward influence (UI) in the workplace environment (Asha, Mahfooz, & Himanshu, 2006). This study contradicted previous studies that indicated little or no difference in UI strategies between males and females in the workplace."
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Parental vs. Peer Influence on Adolescent Behavior, 2002.
Attempts to demonstrate that there are things that parents can do to help their children through adolescence.
2,461 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper aims to show that, while there are limits on what parents can do, parents can play a key role in their children?s future by helping them deal with the struggle against antagonistic peer groups and a hostile culture. In an effort to demonstrate this role, the paper looks at how much influence a parent has on adolescent behavior and, if the parents loses influence at some point, whether the amount of time parents spend with their children can affect the children's ability to be influenced by peers or whether peers are more influential than parents. Also discussed are ways that parents can regain control of a child who has gotten out of control due to negative peer influences.
From the Paper
"While many psychologists believe that parents are the chief influence on the self-esteem and behavior of adolescents, arguing that a lack of both personal responsibility and parental control as the root causes of anti-social behavior, many other believe that society and the influence of peers, more so than parents, shapes the lives of adolescents.
According to author Judith Rich Harris (Tyron, 1999): "There is a great deal of evidence that the differences in how parents rear their children are not responsible for the differences among the children.'' She adds that there is a limit to what parents can do: how their child turns out is largely out of their hands."
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The Influence of Culture on Learning Styles.
This paper discusses multiculturalism as a factor in culturally-based learning styles in Australia.
4,770 words (approx. 19.1 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper applies Geert Hofstede's quantification of the four components of culture, which are Power Distance, Individualism, Masculinity and Uncertainty Avoidance, to measure the cultural differences, which influence the learning styles of Australians, Arabs, and Asian within the Australian schools. The author points out that, as compared to Western and Australian students, Arab students appear to be resistant because they seem to be dependent, indecisive, or nonverbal emotionally; because of the role of fate in the teachings of Islam, they are thought to be survival-oriented rather than insight-oriented. The paper states that Asian and Arab students will require more structure than Australian students, may seek more definitive instruction and judgment of their work, may prefer to be considered one of a group, and will not as readily push themselves forward to seek information as will Australian students.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Multiculturalism as a Backdrop for Culturally Based Learning Styles in Australia
The Effects on Learning of Ethnic Communities
Influences on Learning Style Derived from Hofstede's Classifications
Australia's Cultural Expectations
The Arab World's Cultural Expectations
Thailand's Cultural Expectations
A Sign of Resistance to Accepting the New Culture
Factors Involved in Accepting the New Culture
The Importance of Culture on Learning Styles
Arab-Australian Learning Styles
Asian Learning Styles
Effective Strategies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Again, this would seem to be easier for European cultures, having much in common with the foundation British culture of Australia, than for cultures such as those of the Middle East and Asia. Still, maintaining the cultural differences that result in learning differences over a long period is difficult. Maintaining cultural differences "needs an iron clad system of apartheid or self-imposed inward looking communal traditions." While this is more likely with the Middle Eastern immigrants for a variety of reasons, if the children are in Australian schools, it is likely that assimilation is acceptable to the family, and the teachers then must grapple with the cultural expectations those children bring to the classroom. This may be slightly less prevalent for Asian immigrant children simply because, in the current global climate, they would not suffer from what Australians think they know about the culture, as is arguably the case with those from the Arab world."
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The Media's Influence on Teenage Smoking, 2002.
A paper which questions the media's role in creating teenage smokers.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The effects of media are often the scapegoat for a lot of society's problems and teen smoking is no exception. Many people believe that the media is solely to blame for the rise in teen smokers in the U.S. However, there are more determinant factors at work here. This paper explores the causes of teen smoking and provides arguments against the current media effects theories circulating at the moment. It shows that the media is only a vehicle for the tobacco companies to use in promoting their brands to the general public. It shows too that the major influences that determine whether an adolescent will start smoking involve the quality of their relationship with their parents, their peer group dynamic, and the state of their emotional health. The author surmises that only in addressing the problems that may exist in these areas can society properly address the problem of teen smoking.
From the Paper
"As an example of the impact advertising has on the teenaged population, another research study discovered that 12- and 13-year-olds residing in Massachusetts who had seen an anti-smoking television commercial were half as likely to take up smoking compared to those who hadn't seen the anti-smoking ad. Interestingly enough, older teenagers did not appear to be affected by the same ads. This is probably due to the fact that older adolescents possess stronger opinions about certain subjects and so cannot be easily swayed or their addiction to tobacco is already entrenched which would nullify the effects of the anti-smoking campaign on them. While the impact of media on young impressionable minds cannot be ignored, it is not the only factor that compels some teenagers to start smoking. Various other factors, which are a bigger determinant, are also at work."
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Adolescent Influences, 2007.
An analysis of the factors influencing the ways that adolescents behave.
5,883 words (approx. 23.5 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 140.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the influences in the lives of adolescents that have a direct impact on how they behave, how they see the world and how they interact within their home, school and community environments. It goes on to discuss which influences have the most dramatic effect on adolescents and discusses possible reasons why this is so. The paper analyzes various articles that examine this subject.
Table of Contents:
Violent Video games
Peer Group Influences (Aggressive Behaviors)
Peer Group Influences (Gifted Students)
Peer Group Influences (Smoking)
The Timing Of Puberty (As An Influence)
Genetic & Environmental Influences
Parenting Influences (On Adolescent Alcohol Use And Impulsive Behaviors)
Family Influences On Detained Adolescents (With Sexually Transmitted Diseases)
Maternal Depression May Produce Adolescent Behavior Problems
Parent-Child Conflict Influences Adolescent Behavior (In Negative Ways)
Risky Parental Behavior (And Adolescent Sexual Activity)
Family Planning Clinics And Adolescents
Boys' Beliefs About Delinquent Behavior
Heterosexual Risk Behavior (Among Urban Adolescents)
Peer Pressure To Be Thin Leads To Suicide
The Influence Of The Internet On Adolescents
From the Paper
"The article continues, indicating that "high levels of conflict and low emotional attachment between parents and children have been associated" with an indifference on the part of adolescents for the "emotional well being of others." What is negative in the home is then transferred to others in school and the community, who often don't understand the origins of the bad behavior. During the developmental period, it is no secret that adolescents spend more time with their peers than their parents. Hence, the acceptability of delinquency becomes easy for adolescents because there is ample time for a process called "deviancy training," Pardini explains. Discussions about rule-breaking are held on a "regular basis," and the validity of these peer conversations is sealed through "shared laughter." The deviancy training is the same thing as what used to be called "bull sessions." Meantime, the beliefs that are learned during deviancy training become more and more at odds with family and parental values."
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Interest Groups, 2005.
A political discussion on the influence of interest groups.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the factors that determine the relative strength of interest groups. It contends that analyzing what they do requires examining the modern American political system, for it has degenerated into government by special interest groups. It explains that for decades, interest groups have sought to influence government policies by advocating legislation favorable to them, but these efforts, the author claims, have escalated to such an extent that interest groups now control the government.
From the Paper
"Explaining the factors that determine the relative strength of interest groups and analyzing what they do requires examining the modern American political system, for it has degenerated into government by special interest groups. For decades, interest groups have sought to influence government policies by advocating legislation favorable to them, but these efforts have escalated to such an extent that interest groups now control the government. Unfortunately, despite the fact that the Founding Fathers established a Constitutional system of government based upon popular sovereignty and the rule of law, the emergence and development of powerful interest groups in the late twentieth century has undermined American democracy. Because of the power and influence of special interests such ..."
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School Administrative Decisions, 2004.
This paper discusses that the most effective group to influence school administrative decisions are teachers.
1,035 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines that one of the major disputes within educational institutions is the distribution of power and administrative responsibility: One side believes the administration and structuring of education needs to be left with ?professional? administrators, while the other side believes that teachers deserve a more central role. The author points out that teachers are affected by the decisions of administrators to a very high degree and need to have some control and influence over their fate. The paper concludes that the contention that teachers will advance their interests alone if given more administrative influence is absurd.
From the Paper
"Obviously, it is the unanimous opinion of those within our educational institutions is that teachers? opinions are not granted the same attention as others of power, so the next step in analyzing this phenomenon is asking ourselves?why? Paul Moreno, a reporter for the Massachusetts News, believes the problem lies within the teacher?s union. He writes of teacher?s unions throughout the nation using coercive power for control. Unions maintain strong positions of power within state legislatures and parental groups within school systems."
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Money and Special Interest Groups, 2004.
A discussion on whether money and special interest groups can buy votes and influence.
1,561 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
Money and special interest groups play an important role in the U.S. Congress. Due to the high cost of running a campaign two assumptions are regularly made, namely that money can buy votes and that those groups or businesses that have contributed funds, will be favourably treated by their candidate when forming legislation. This paper critically analyses those assumptions by examining key examples such as the influence of the tobacco industry and by examining esteemed political analyst views. The paper is divided and analysed on two distinct lines. Firstly, whether or not money and special interests can get a candidate elected and secondly whether money and special interest groups can have influence and to what degree, over the way in which elected candidates vote on legislation.
From the Paper
"The influence of money in the US Congress therefore begins with the election of members to the Congress. In order to increase their chances of election, candidates run extensive campaigns which include: television and newspaper advertisements, public appearances, pamphlets, door knocking and many other methods to gain voter support. In recent decades these election expenses have grown more than 300% faster than the cost of living . The average cost of a Lower House campaign has risen to more than US$500,000 and a Senate campaign to US$4.5 million . Due to these exorbitant campaign cost very few people in lower socio-economic groups run for Congress as they neither have the funds themselves nor are they likely to have contacts with big businesses to financially support their campaign. "
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