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Grief Counseling in the Schools, 2004.
This paper discusses the use of grief counseling in high schools after traumatic events, especially the suicide of a student.
2,920 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that grief counseling in schools has grown as a discipline in response to teen suicides, natural disasters, bombings, and shootings. The author points out that trauma experts handle the immediate aftershocks of disaster, and, once they leave, grief counselors take over to provide longer-term help for those who have suffered a loss. This paper concludes that, with school suicides and other traumatic events on the increase, school officials have to be aware of these possibilities and try to provide for them in their planning.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Teenage Suicide
Grief Counseling
Approaches to Grief
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While bereavement is the state of having lost a significant other to death, grief is the personal response to the loss and mourning is the public expression of that loss. Bereavement is an intensely demanding, multidimensional adaptive process and so should be seen as both an opportunity for significant personal growth and a vector of disease when its mental and physical health consequences are considered. Some one third of all bereaved people incur problems for which professional assistance is indicated, and among the problems encountered are increased use of tobacco, alcohol, sedatives, and anxiolytics by the bereaved. Depression syndromes are seen in nearly one half of all grieving people, while 10 percent suffer major depression. Also possible is health deterioration lasting 13 months or longer, including increased physical symptoms and illness, severe depressive mood, and increased health services utilization and hospitalization; this is seen in 15 to 25 percent of the widowed."
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Grief Counseling, 2007.
This paper studies the effectiveness of grief counseling in reducing negative behavior in students who have suffered a loss.
2,513 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that life is for the living, and remaining depressed about the death of a friend for a long period of time is likely not what the friend who passed away would have wanted. The writer maintains that the friend would have wanted the still-living friend to enjoy the life that he or she was given, and not waste it by being sad and angry over things which were beyond his or her control. Knowing this in one's head, however, and understanding it with one's heart are not the same. Further the writer points out that teenagers who grieve for their lost friends know that they must resume their lives and move on, but they often have trouble figuring out how best to do this. This is where grief counseling comes in and why it is so important. To illustrate this point, the shootings that took place at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado in 1999 are used as an example of teenage grief and how counseling is utilized.
Outline:
Introduction
Grief and Acceptance
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Those who come forward as grief counselors also help to calm the parents and the students and reassure them that something like that will not happen at their school. Everyone responds to sudden death differently and it is important to understand how teenagers deal with this and how grief counseling can help them to get on with their lives and be happy once again. Many years ago a British psychiatrist by the name of John Bowlby created the attachment theory. Much of the current thinking that deals with how someone mourns a loss rests on the basic foundations that Bowlby created. He talked of the very powerful bonds that were between human beings and when these bonds are jeopardized through illness or injury when they are destroyed through death the individual who is still living experiences a very disruptive period."
These particular bonds are often developed very early in life and endure for very long time. They are formed due to basic human needs for security and for safety and usually they are only directed toward a few specific individuals. In the early years this is usually directed only towards the family that as children mature it is often also directed outward toward friends in a slightly larger circle."
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Grief Counseling, 2002.
Examining the benefits of grief counseling and whether this is really helpful to the bereaved.
2,355 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper asks what good does grief counseling do in the aftermath of tragedies felt by entire communities. This paper looks at the issue of grief counseling, examining whether it provides lasting benefits or is simply a fad that like primal scream therapy appeals to a passing and overly simplistic model of human behavior and human emotional needs at those times when people are most bereft.
From the Paper
"It is a truism about human nature that sorrow shared is sorrow lessened, and so when something terrible befalls a community the assumption should be that such a shared grief is an easier one. But in fact this is probably not often the case, for when an entire community is struck by a tragedy, there are only the emotionally wounded. At a time in their lives when people are most likely to be selfish, most demanding of other people?s time and support and attention, they find that each of these other people is at the same moment reaching out to them for support rather than providing it. This is no doubt one of the most difficult aspects of community tragedies ? that there is no one who is not affected and therefore no one to whom one can turn and be selfish and not feel guilty about one?s own emotional neediness."
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Grief Counseling, 2004.
An explanation of effective grief counseling for those who have lost a loved one.
1,832 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how grief counselors deal with family members who have lost a loved one. The paper explains the various stages of grief, from shock and denial to bargaining, anger, and depression. In each, the writer shows how the counselor is able to help the patient and draw them out of the stage and back to dealing with reality.
From the Paper
"Counseling For Loss & Life provides individual and family counseling services for people suffering from grief. For many years now, counseling for loss of loved ones has been using compiled information to help people who are grieving from the loss of loved ones, to give them the lost security, hope and peace. The information is gathered from many sources such as websites, letters that welcome people?s input. The best source of information is from the compiled letters from children, adolescents and adults that serve to be useful in the months and years that are yet to come and deal with people who have lost themselves in the grieving of their loved ones. These letters are quite purposeful because they contain matter that share experiences of how others dealt with the loss of your loved one into one?s life."
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Grief Counseling for Teenagers after the Death of a Friend, 2004.
A look at the role and importance of grief counselors in helping teenagers grieve the death of a friend.
2,521 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the way teenagers deal with the death of a friend and how it differs from the way adults might grieve and talks about the issues that must be dealt with when trying to resolve a loss and dealing with grief. The paper stresses the importance of grief counseling and how those teenagers that do receive counseling after the death of a friend generally come out of their grief better adjusted and capable of handling the world than those who have locked their grief up inside and simply keep it private.
From the Paper
"When a friend dies, teenagers handle that grief differently than adults would, but they still grieve very deeply. Much of their pain and grief comes from the fact that most teenagers lose friends to sudden death, such as traffic accidents, than to anticipated death, such as might come from cancer or other progressive illnesses. Whatever the cause of death, however, grief counseling is vitally important for these young people so that they can adjust to the death and become accepting of it. This is the only way that they will move on with their lives and learn to enjoy things once again. This is not the same as asking them to forget their friend or the pain that they feel at their friend's passing, but is rather asking them to learn ways to cope with the pain, so that it is not always present and life can move on."
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Grief Counseling, 2002.
Examining the increased need for grief counselors in today's society.
2,014 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the phenomenon of the increased necessity of grief counselors in modern society. It explains that with the reality of large-scale disasters ever present, methods have been developed for large-scale grief counseling to help the survivors cope with what has happened and to help them recover as much as possible. This paper looks at the process a grief counselor goes through with a family member and how this process needs to be adjusted according to the different tragedies which occur.
From the Paper
"Grief counseling methods have been developed in a clinical setting from experience with family members of those who die after long-term care. Bereavement is defined as the state of having experienced the death of a significant other, and nurses have learned that the stress of prolonged bereavement has persistent and cumulative negative effects on the psychosocial functioning of family members, even when coping abilities emerge early in the process (Warren, 1997, 42). Different programs have been developed to enable health care professionals to deal with these issues. The Allegheny General Hospital Trauma Bereavement Program suggests the importance of specialized follow-up care for surviving family members and loved ones during the year after a death. It is noted that sudden, traumatic death leaves the survivors in shocked disbelief and intense emotional pain, but that appropriate support and intervention can make a significant contribution to a family's eventual recovery by assisting in the normal grieving process and thus avoiding prolonged, pathologic grieving (Buchanan, Geubtner, & Snyder, 1996, 35)."
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Grief Counseling, 2000.
A discussion of the need for effectiveness, goals, training, social factors and types of tragedies.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"The stories have grown so commonplace that we can scarcely keep them apart in our minds anymore. A country that thought it would have years to recover from the tragedy of the shooting at Columbine High School in Colorado is almost immediately assaulted by a day trader with a gun, and then another man visiting his two work places to kill people and then another man with another gun at a preschool in Los Angeles.
And these are just the stories about the violence brought about by guns. There is also the psychic violence that comes to people when a plane crashes, or a school bus overturns or the earth opens up along its ancient fault lines and maims and mangles and kills.
So much grief, by the hand of nature or our fellow humans.
And just as commonplace as are..."
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Book Reports on Counseling, 2004.
This paper studies three books: 'Brief Counseling in Action' by John M. Littrell, 'Counseling Children and Adolescents' by Ann Vernon and 'Career Counseling' by Norman C. Gysbers, Mary J. Heppner and Joseph A. Johnston.
4,725 words (approx. 18.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 167.95
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Abstract
This paper provides book report on three books regarding counseling. The three books discussed are: 'Brief Counseling in Action' by John M. Littrell, 'Counseling Children and Adolescents' by Ann Vernon and 'Career Counseling' by Norman C. Gysbers, Mary J. Heppner and Joseph A. Johnston. The reports examine the author's main points. The writer of this article discusses the validity of these points, critical issues raised, language used, types of evidence (primary, secondary) and looks at what the books have in common. The paper also discusses the relevance of the books to a B.A. degree in Counseling and reveals what was learned from the books.
From the Paper
"This book is an introduction to brief therapy for counselors and counseling students that will enable the reader to establish the mindset for brief counseling. It will help them master the key steps in the solution-focused model and acquire the necessary techniques for speeding up the action. The book uses many vignettes and three in-depth single-session cases demonstrating the use of brief counseling in different settings such as schools, counseling centers and in private ... "
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Public Relations and the Schools, 2008.
Reviews literature relating to public relations approaches for school leaders coping with crisis situations.
1,470 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that school leaders, from elementary school through college, need to develop and use public relations skills in order to sooth parents, assert authority and reduce tensions at times of crisis and during the normal course of administration. The author points out that school leaders must be familiar with grief counseling methods not only because of a community-wide crisis but also to assist when the student or the student's family faces a crisis. The paper concludes that the school leader achieves better public relations simply by visibly addressing problems as they develop, with a successful outcome being the best public relations of all.
From the Paper
"Graseck (2005) sees a need for administrators to take a more nurturing role, bringing the community into the process, and so serving the role of public relations on an ongoing basis rather than waiting for a crisis to begin the process. Graseck finds that administrators too often fail to see this need until there is a crisis and so lose touch with the community but that administrators even tned to lose touch with their own teachers. School administrators too often see their own survival as the paramount task rather than the improvement of the school."
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Successful Counseling, 2002.
A review of the article ?Person-Centered Counseling: The Culture? by Ann Shanks Glauser and Jerold Bozarth about successful counseling.
773 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the article ?Person-Centered Counseling: The Culture? by Ann Shanks Glauser and Jerold Bozarth which explores the conditions that are necessary for successful counseling and focuses especially on the specialty of multicultural counseling. It discusses the argument that person-centered counselling is at the very heart of success in counseling and that the relationship between the client and counselor and the client?s situational and personal resources are the essential variables that determine its success. It provides statistical evidence for the relative unimportance of counseling technique noting that only 15% of the success variance of the counseling relationship comes from technique whereas 30% of the success variance comes from the client-counsellor relationship and an impressive 40% comes from extratherapeutic variables or chance occurrences. It explores the variables of the client-therapist relationship and the extratherapeutic variables of the client and concludes that the article is well-researched and internally consistent.
From the Paper
"The authors then go on to explore the variables of the client-therapist relationship and the extratherapeutic variables of the client. They note that ?most theories consider the (client-therapist) relationship as critical?. A successful relationship is defined by the counselor?s empathy for the client, seen in his or her genuineness with the client, and the counselor?s true respect and value for the client. Glauser and Bazarth note, ?Making judgments about people\'s humanity and its quality due to established criteria is to rely on tired but extremely powerful discourses steeped in oppression.?"
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Effective Counseling, 2005.
An investigation into methods of counseling that are most effective within the context of cross-cultural counseling.
1,657 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper conducts an observational and investigational analysis of what the critical factors are that determine an effective cross-cultural counseling relationship. More specifically, the researcher attempts to investigate the following question: "What method of counseling is most effective in enabling a counselor to build rapport and trust in a cross cultural context." The researcher conducts a comprehensive review of the literature available on cross cultural counseling and counseling competencies in order to determine what factors may impact the counseling relationship with particular regard to cross-cultural relationships.
Abstract
Introduction
Significance of the Study
Hypothesis
Method
Literature Review
Results
Discussion
From the Paper
"According to research the most important aspect of cross-cultural counseling that needs to be examined is how a practice is conceptualized(Bogo, George & Tsang, 2003). Traditional counseling methods are often defined as "ethnocentric" even though the client base that many practitioners work from is ethno culturally diverse in nature (McNeill, Horn & Perez, 1995). Many practitioners unfortunately still believe that ethnicity is not a dimension of identity, but rather see it as a client characteristic, thus their practices do not work to embrace ethnic identity as an experience to be shared by all parties involved in the counseling process (Bogo, George & Tsang, 2003)."
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Online Counseling, 2007.
This paper discusses the field of counseling via the Internet in comparison to traditional methods of counseling.
1,120 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer aims to explore how much satisfaction online counseling brings to clients as compared to the traditional process of face-to-face counseling. The writer looks at changing elements within the field as online counseling continuously grows, achieving success. This paper attempts to explain what methods and modalities work in favor of online counseling and those that yield the highest client satisfaction. Further, the writer points out that legal and ethical issues continue to be a concern when using this new method of counseling. This paper explores the works and areas that increase client satisfaction of online counseling.
From the Paper
"Moreover, according to Leibert's and his colleagues' findings, the foremost benefit to patients why online counseling appeals to them is the preservation of their privacy and anonymity. This is especially true to people who are uncomfortable with the traditional method of therapy and are unable to acquire counseling services because of fear of revealing their identity. With online counseling, such kind of people is already able to get counseling service. Renee Gedge indicates that 91% of people with anxiety disorders prefer therapy served online.
Further advantages found from online counseling is its accessibility to clients. Through online counseling, people who have busy schedules can still acquire therapy without the need to travel. Just by sitting in front of their computers and accessing online counseling services, they can still continue their therapeutic sessions."
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Group Counseling, 2007.
This paper reviews the research on group counseling and college students.
1,910 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the group counseling process. The author points out that this literature review upholds the view that group therapy among college-aged students is 'just as' if not 'more' effective in therapy-based interventions with motivation for change, a determinative factor in the success of this type of intervention. The paper states that group-counseling intervention is under-utilized by college-aged students.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Group Counseling Defined
Effective Group Counseling
Group Design - Theoretical Framework is Pluralistic in Nature Group Stages
Group Counseling Found to be "As Effective" as Individual Counseling
Group Counseling Under-Utilized by College Students
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"These stages are often referred to as "forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning." The first stage of 'dependency' or 'forming' is a time when members explore the group and themselves and establish trust. The second stage of 'conflict' or 'storming' may be either "overt or covert. The type and amount of conflict that is generated relates to how much jockeying for position goes on in the group." Stage three is 'cohesion' or 'norming' in which a "spirit of we-ness" is established and each person feels a part of the group which is conducive to "productive sharing"."
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Counseling Skills and Their Use in Social Work, 2004.
A look at when counseling skills can be of use to social workers.
3,850 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper shows how counseling skills can be used in social work and what social workers can do to take these skills and ensure that as many people as possible are helped. The paper first defines counseling so that there is a clear understanding, albeit in general terms, of what is being discussed in the rest of the paper. Following that, the principles of counseling are discussed so that they too can be clearly understood. Next, some examples are given to illustrate how these counseling skills can be used by social workers. The conclusion ties together all of these issues and shows a cohesiveness between all of the main points that are presented throughout the paper.
Definition of Counseling
Principles of Counseling
Situations in Which Social Workers Would Use Counseling Skills
From the Paper
"Counseling skills can encompass many different aspects of life, and they are of great use to those in social work. Unfortunately, many social workers do not realize just how important these kinds of skills are and therefore do not get the training in them that they really need. Since social workers are not counselors and do not usually see what they do as 'therapy' of any kind, they do not look to counseling as having a place in their work and the families that they often are called upon to help. However, much of what a social worker does for those that need help is actually counseling of a sort, and by learning more about counseling skills those that spend their time in the social work field can utilize what they already know, along with the counseling skills, to help many more individuals and families in new and better ways, which will ultimately be to the benefit of society."
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Marital Counseling, 2002.
Examines the effects of pre-marital and marital counseling on marriage longlevity and divorce rates.
3,278 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
Due to the astounding body of evidence suggesting that marriage failure generally results from a breakdown of communication and from unrealistic marriage expectations and/or on spousal perceptual biases, it seems that marriage counseling and premarital counseling could in fact be highly useful tools for assuring the survival of a marriage. By performing a literature review on several sources on the subject of divorce statistics and the history of marital counseling, the paper suggests that couples who received marriage counseling during marriage or pre-marital counseling before marriage report a lower rate of divorce than those who never had the benefit of counseling. The paper then describes the methodology and findings of a research project performed to prove this hypothesis.
From the Paper
"If divorce is usually caused by some force for which counseling cannot really provide an answer, such as social or economic pressure, then there is less support for a hypothesis regarding the power of marital and premarital counseling to prevent divorce. However, if divorce is based on preventable or treatable flaws within the relationship, than the hypothesis may stand. Secondly, one must address the issue as to whether or not couples inside a therapeutical setting show any signs of being better adjusted than couples outside a therapeutical setting, and if past evidence has shown premarital counseling to be effective. If it has not, then the hypothesis as currently stated may still be correct, but it will have to be far more conclusive to prove its point. Finally, one must address the issue of whether or not counseling may in some cases be seen as evidence of impending marriage dissolution rather than marital health, and as such be seen as a negative relational sign. (For example, it is possible that most people approach counseling as a last-ditch effort to save their relationship, or that most of the people enrolled in premarital counseling are in very high risk groups and already undergoing problems. If so, it is further possible that the situation is not so much one of the efficacy or inefficacy of counseling programs themselves, but rather concerns itself with the way in which counseling programs segregate failed from non-failed relationships)."
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