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The Evolution of the Roman Theater, 2005.
The history and development of the architecture of the Roman theater building. An in-depth look at how the ancient Romans borrowed heavily from the Greek example, but improved upon it to create a building that was uniquely Roman.
2,698 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses in great detail the evolution of the Roman theater, beginning from the Greek wooden origins to the stone monuments that became iconic with Roman architecture during the Republic and the Empire. A brief history of theater is discussed in the beginning of the paper, with special attention given to the religious implications of how theaters were originally set up. The importance of the orchestra and "skene" are given historical background, dating back to early Dionysian worship. The layout of the early Greek theaters are discussed, with a complete layout included that describes the circular performance area, the seating arrangements, background adjustments and a rudimentary stage. The rest of the paper deals with how the Romans, eager to take the art of theater from being a religious practice to more of an entertainment value for the masses, incorporated their own unique designs to the Greek theater layout to create a more efficient and clearly Roman design. Heavy attention is give to Vitruvius and his work " De Architectura" which provides a step-by-step process in which Roman theaters were built. Improvements are discussed from eliminating the completely circular stage to a half-circle, as well as creating an official stage that persists in modern theatrical performances. The paper takes each part of the theater and discusses the area extensively in terms of what the Romans did to improve upon or change from the early Greek models.
From the Paper
"Ancient Rome's concept of art and architecture was heavily influenced by the cultures that the Romans had conquered, but were in no way identical copies of the art that existed in those subjugated areas. The Romans excelled at taking artistic ideas from other civilizations and molding them into a form that could undoubtedly be identified as uniquely Roman. This technique can easily be seen in practice when one examines the Roman theater building. Roman theaters can be found throughout the area that used to be the Roman Empire, with remnants of theaters all over Europe and the Mediterranean. These theaters have details and building techniques that are exclusive to Roman designs, but when they are viewed in comparison with ancient Greek theaters, one can clearly see where the Romans received their inspiration."
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Roman Theatre, 2006.
This paper discusses Roman theatre and its history.
1,461 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Roman theatre and explains that it was vastly influenced by the Greek theatre although they have many differences. The paper provides an outline of the general history of Roman theatre and discusses how the Roman theatre gives us an insight on the Romans and their culture. The paper relates that it has played an important part in the beginning and evolution of the European theatre.
From the Paper
"The Roman theatre faced some problems in the beginning due to the fact that the audience was distracted by other events. The first performance of Hecyra was a ruin because the audience was distracted by the boxers and the rope dancer. The second performance was again a disaster as people heard of a rumor that a "gladiatorial display was about to take place" (W. Beare, p.165). The stage was a wooden one and some people hold the view that at a time the Romans had created a revolving stage. This is not considered as an authentic historical record of the history of Roman theatre. The actors and their dressing rooms were located behind the stage."
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The Roman Theater, 2005.
This paper discusses the Roman theater using Terence's "The Brothers" as an example.
1,490 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Roman theater differs in many ways from the Greek theater. It explains that while Greek comedy is political and tries to tackle large issues, Roman comedy is of a more circumstantial, of everyday nature and may be versed with a lot of ethical ideas but it does not blatantly criticize the government or the Republic; nevertheless, the ethical valor of Roman comedy should not be overlooked. The author points out that Terence's "The Brothers", first performed at the funeral games for Lucius Aemilius Paulus in 160 B.C., is the only documented instance of dramatic performances at games outside the regular calendar of public festivals although theater historians believe that there may well have been others. The paper relates that Terence introduced the mixed-metre recitative for some passages instead of the single-metre as in Menander and Plautus; Terence's spoken scenes are all in iambic senarii, which is a six-foot line similar to the English blank verse but with an extra foot and is closer to ordinary speech.
From the Paper
"The facade in Roman comedy invariably consisted of three doors, which were the doors to three neighboring houses. In front of them, where the stage action took place, was a road. The stage also had one door on each side. These side entrances had a fixed conventional significance. The right hand entrance (from the audience's point of view) led to the city center and the left hand entrance led to the country. When characters entered through these entrances, they were announced by characters on stage prior to their actual entry. If two characters entered together, they usually did so in mid-conversation. When a single character entered, he/she usually uttered a monologue before being accosted by the people on stage. In both cases, the bystanders on stage made asides, commenting on the newcomers' conversation or monologue, before letting the newcomers be aware of their presence. "
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The Greek, Roman, and Mayan Religions, 2004.
This paper discusses why the Greek, Roman, and Mayan worlds are of prime interest to Western civilization.
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Greek, Roman, and Mayan worlds are of prime interest because of their influence upon the cultural and societal aspects of the civilizations that followed them. The author points out that the Mayan religion has greatly influenced Western thought and culture, although not as predominant as the Greek and Roman systems, because of its perceived origins in a traditional non-Western setting. The paper relates that the Mayan pantheon was very complex. Heaven and Hell were not considered either as reward or punishment for behavior on earth; rather, they were the after-life abodes natural to different classes of people, for one passed on to the sphere appropriate to one?s class and occupation.
From the Paper
"Culturally, the Greek ?polis? or city-state was presided over by a particular god as protector and patron, such as Athena for the city of Athens. Different communities could choose the same deity as their protector; Sparta, for example, also had Athena as its patron god. The members of the ?polis? constituted a religious association obliged to honor the state?s patron deity as well as the community?s other gods. Thus, the central ritual of a ?polis? was the sacrifice of animals to demonstrate to the gods as divine protectors the respect and piety of the members of the ?polis.?"
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Greek and Roman Deities, 2004.
Discusses the similarities that existed between ancient Greek and Roman deities.
783 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
In ancient Greece and Rome, traditions, histories, and other elements of society were passed down as oral traditions from one generation to another. While ancient Greek culture predates Roman culture, the two cultures developed a degree of interaction and similarity between the peoples. The mythology of these two cultures reflected many of the ethical issues that were important in that time. This paper shows that it is not surprising, considering their close geographic proximity, that there was a certain degree of mixing of cultures and, consequently, mythology as well. The research explores the similarities and differences between Greek and Roman deities.
From the Paper
"Virgil wrote the Aeneid in the early Roman period, which was based largely on the Greek understanding of the gods and goddesses. However, he wrote characters that would appeal to the Roman social structure and ideology, and ?romanized? the Greek deities. His works were based on the Greek writer Homer, who portrayed Zeus and Hera as petty complainers. The Roman ideals would not allow for a noble complainer, therefore Virgil transformed Zeus and Hera into heroic Jupiter and an angry God Juno, who struck fear in the hearts of men."
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Greek and Roman Philosophy, 2003.
A paper on the influence of Greek philosophy on Roman Republicans.
1,605 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, from the intellectual perspective, the Romans borrowed heavily from the Greeks and founded the Roman Republic on the ideals of Greek philosophy and politics. It discusses the period from around the 4th century BC to the 5th century AD, when the Greece and the Romans dominated the world, one after another. It explains how the period marks the height and decline of ancient Greece and the advent of the Hellenistic period of small states, and then a long history of Rome, first as a Republic and then as the Roman Empire.
From the Paper
"Roman philosophy was firmly grounded in the Greek Philosophy and the concepts introduced by Greeks both in ethical philosophy and political philosophy. Initially Roman Republic suffered internal conflicts and wars between the rival leaders and interest in the Greek philosophy first can be seen in 155 BCE in Rome by an Athenian embassy, consisting of the Academic Carneades, the Stoic Diogenes, and the Peripatetic Critolaus. One of the significant work that attracted the attention of Romans noble men was of the Stoic Panaetius, but it can be said that a more widespread and thorough study of Greek philosophy came in the period of Cicero and Varro. Both writers and philosophers not only conducted a deep study of the Greek philosophy and they even translated many of the works and made it available to the public and those who were outside and the literary circles [Hooker, 1996]. The Romans were generally attracted towards the later Greek philosophy which had leaned towards ethical concepts and how to lead a good life in the society. Thus they had little or no interest in the natural philosophy of pre-Socrates and metaphysical philosophy of Plato and Aristotle. Four Greek schools of thought had considerable impact on the Romans namely Epicureanism, Stoicism, Skepticism and Neo-Platonism. Among these the Epicureanism and Stoicism were the most popular and the Romans developed their own versions of these philosophies."
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Greek and Roman Civilization, 2009.
An analysis of the impact of the thought, culture and philosophy of the Greek and Roman empires on Western civilization today.
1,591 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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This paper discusses the Greek and Roman empires and their effect upon the development of Western civilization. The paper first discusses the thought, culture and philosophy of the empires. It then discusses the influences on each of the civilizations and the examples that we can see from their civilization in Western society today. Finally, the paper discusses the reasons for the fall of the Roman empire.
Table of Contents:
Greece
Philosophical Development in Ancient Greece
Rome
The Fall of the Roman Empire
From the Paper
"The tragedy of Rome is that it could not maintain what was once a very powerful unified force. While citizens might still have been loyal to Rome and their citizenship, the emperors appear to hardly have been so, and indeed, they appeared both increasingly irrational and selfish in their actions, rather than acting as leaders that would continue their powerful expansion throughout the world. The reason for Rome's longevity lies in the unity, loyalty and mutual support between citizens and their rulers. When this began to collapse, external factors ensured that the collapse would later be complete."
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Ancient Greek and Roman Society, 2003.
A discussion of Greek and Roman society.
1,835 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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This paper explores both the Greek and Roman culture and their far-reaching effects on modern Western thinking. The author explores how Greek philosophers, and their use of logic and insistence on reasons to support claims about the universe and human existence, represent a crucial first step towards science of today. Future civilizations took from the Romans their meaning of honor, patriotism, and unrelenting sense of assured self. The paper continues to discuss that both the Greeks and the Romans used war to gain territory, a negative trait that is still strongly felt in society today.
From the Paper
"Both the Greeks and the Romans exemplified war, which led to their negative legacy. From the begging of Greek history starting with the Mycenaeans, and the Romans starting with the Roman Republic, war has been the patriarchal duty of the male citizen. War became more than just a way to conquer lands, but it embodied the essence of what a man was made of. If a soldier risked his life in war for his civilization and came out a hero because he proved himself to be stronger and fitter than the opposing side, he had almost reached god stature. The idea of fighting to these societies became more of a game than it was a defense. Honor and valor of the male citizen depended on his performance in battle."
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The Role of Greek and Roman Literature, 2002.
A look at the importance of Greek and Roman literature, then and now.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
A paper on the role of Greek and Roman literature and the role it plays today.
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The Hero: Greek vs. Roman View, 1982.
This paper compares Greek and Roman views of a hero: Zeus is the Greek name for the leader of the gods, and Jupiter is the corresponding leader of the Roman gods.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to compare Greek and Roman views of a hero. Zeus is the Greek name for the leader of the gods, and Jupiter is the corresponding leader of the Roman gods. The Greek gods of Olympus were well represented in Greek art and literature, and the influence of these works was so great in Rome that ancient Roman deities were changed to resemble the corresponding Greek gods and were considered to be the same. Because the Romans did not have personified gods of their own, they easily adopted the Greek gods. The Romans had great religious feeling, but they also had little imagination and could never have created the Olympians, each a distinct, vivid personality, on their own. Before they adopted these personalities from the Greeks, the Roman gods were vague entities, called the Numina, which means the Powers of the . "
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Egyptian, Greek and Roman Sculpture, 2002.
A comparison of Egyptian, Greek and Roman culture through sculpture.
905 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how a society?s ideals are reflected in its sculpture, through the example of comparing Egyptian, Greek and Roman Sculpture. The author describes the characteristics of these societies as seen through their art and that their sculptures are a reflection on the perspective on the same world.
From the Paper
"Different cultures see the world in different ways. Religion, society, and even politics, shape our views, and give form to our human environment. Architecture, music, literature, dress ? all are visible manifestations of a people?s values. This is no less true in the realm of sculpture. A religious people will create works of art that express its most deeply held spiritual beliefs; a cerebral people, sculptures that capture humankind?s highest ideals, while the politically minded turn out statues and busts that represent their world?s movers and shakers. Styles can range from the formal and the symbolic, to the ideal and the real. Each serves its cultural purpose. As all peoples have done, the Egyptians, the Greeks, and the Romans produced sculptures that testify to the beliefs of their respective societies."
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Comparison of the Greek and Roman Armies, 2001.
A comparison of the Greek and Roman armies, their conquests and styles of fighting.
1,480 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 6 sources, $ 48.95
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This paper compares the Greek and Roman military might. The author looks at the styles and techniques that differed between the two armies and summarizes the features that made the Romans superior and, therefore, victorious.
From the Paper
"It has often been said that Rome conquered Greece but Greece conquered Rome. This means that although the Roman people defeated the Greeks militarily the culture of the Greeks was adopted by the Romans. This is somewhat true in several areas, including art, music, religion, and architecture. However, one area in which the ancient Greeks and Romans differed was their military. This became overwhelmingly evident between the early 3rd and middle 2nd centuries BC when the two nations most commonly associated with early civilization clashed and the Romans proceeded to expand their empire into Greek territory. The Romans came out victorious thanks to their superior unity, the use of the legion formation, and the ability to learn from their past mistakes. For these reasons Rome was the supreme military power in the European region for centuries while Greece only gained superiority for approximately 150 years."
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Greek And Roman Revival In Public Buildings In America, 2004.
A paper discussing the Greek and Roman Revival in American Architecture.
904 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Greek and Roman Revival in public buildings, its background, history and development, and to provide an understanding of why it was appropriate for the time and how its popularity has waned and has given way to more egalitarian and user-friendly civic buildings.
From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Greek and Roman Revival in public buildings, its background, history and development, and to provide an understanding of why it was appropriate for the time, but its popularity has waned, and it has given way to more egalitarian and user-friendly civic buildings. During the 20th century, architects were very much on the lookout for the next new thing. This was a period of great change and advancement in society..."
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Greek and Roman Cities, 2002.
The myths of Greek and Roman cities.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This is a comparative analysis of the founding myths of Greek and Roman Cities of the Ancient worlds.
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Greek and Roman Deities, 2002.
The paper explores the similarities and differences between Greek and Roman deities.
861 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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The paper traces the background of both Roman and Greek mythology. The paper points out the key difference between the two types of deities. The paper examines how the deities superficially share similar functions although many of the underlying qualities and characteristics of the deities are different. It also explains that the literary tradition of Roman mythology is based largely on the ancient Greek traditions,although the origins of the mythology are quite different.
From the Paper
"The first ancient Greek writings date to around 600 BC. However, the oratory tradition of the myths dates from a much earlier time. Greek mythology centered on the idea that a group of immortals were responsible for the creation of the world as it is today. Many of the traditions center on the creation of the earth, which resulted from the interactions and conflicts between these immortal creatures. Greek mythology centered on the idea that Mt. Olympus was the center of the universe and that this is where the immortals lived. The immortals seldom interacted with mortal."
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