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D Elton Trueblood's "Philosophy of Religion", 1990.
This paper summarizes each of the five parts of the "Philosophy of Religion" by Dr. D. Elton Trueblood, a Protestant theologian: Logic of religion, theistic realism, challenges to faith and the problem of evil.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 1 source, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"The following is a summary of each of the five parts of "Philosophy of Religion" by Dr. D. Elton Trueblood. The author's entire approach to theology is as a Protestant theologian; however, as he points out: "Whatever the truth may be, it is certainly larger than our particular systems. It is for this reason that no religious thinker dare be limited by the dogmas of his own school"
Part I--The Logic of Religion
This initial part is separated into five chapters: "The Necessity of Philosophy;" "Faith and Reason;" "The Possibility of Truth;" "The Mystery of Knowledge;" and "The Nature of Evidence."
"The Necessity of Philosophy" takes the position that the religious vitality of the 20th century cannot be ignored."
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Gender Roles in Ancient Philosophy and Religion, 2006.
An analysis of gender roles in the Old Testament story of 'Genesis' and "The Politics" by Aristotle and how these roles were explained and justified.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
Societies spend a great deal of time trying to explain and justify the gender roles that exist within them. The works of theologians and philosophers in particular are used to explain the gender roles within a society and justify their existence. This essay examines two particularly influential works. These works are "The Politics" by Aristotle and the Old Testament story of "Genesis". Although these works were written within a different cultural and temporal context, both works provide similar explanations and justifications for the superiority of men and the inferiority of women.
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The Philosophy of Religion, 2002.
The question of the existence of God according to the theories of St. Anselm and Immanuel Kant.
1,658 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ontological argument, mainly as seen through the eyes of two philosophers?St. Anselm and Immanuel Kant?to examine the significance of this argument in proving that God exists. The paper defines an ontological argument as an argument intended to show that God exists without actually showing any real proof.
From the Paper
"Many of the well-known arguments for God's existence depend upon at least one empirical premise. For example, the design argument relies on empirical evidence of intelligent design, stating that life could not have developed had certain basic properties of the universe differed from what they are (Himma, 2001). In addition, cosmological arguments depend on certain empirical statements about the explanation for the occurrence of various events. The ontological arguments are different than most arguments for God?s existence, as they aim to show that we can deduce God's existence from the very definition of God, without relying on any type of empirical premise."
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Philosophies of Life, 2005.
A paper looking at how we develop our personal philosophies and what influences that development.
1,424 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the topic of personal philosophies and how the philosophies we develop are influenced by a variety of different factors. The paper maintains that religion, spirituality, government, fear of punishment and longing for reward, as well as doubt and introspection are all significant influences on the development of our personal life philosophies and that without these influences or with only a single influence, such as religion, our life philosophies would be too narrow and damaging.
From the Paper
"When one considers the many aspects of one's "inner life," it becomes clear that most, if not all of them are based upon some philosophical conception. Psychologists have long known that individuals, who have a strong sense of their life's purpose, as well as a spiritual, religious, or ethical viewpoint, tend to live longer, healthier lives. Further, they are less likely to suffer from depressive episodes (Hassad, 2000). Although each person's individual "philosophy of life" is different, there are some well known philosophical interpretations that can shed some light upon common attitudes concerning personal identity. Six famous life philosophies are attributed to Socrates, Freud, Albert Camus, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Muhammad."
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Eastern and Western Religions, 2002.
A comparative analysis of the main religions of the East and West and how the religions affect the cultures in which they are dominant.
3,675 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 22 sources, MLA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the beliefs of some of the main religions of the world. It shows how the principal distinction between Eastern and Western religions is that the former are dominated by mystical and transcendent components meant to be experienced by individuals and the latter by rational, doctrinal sets of belief meant to be shared by individuals in a community of faith. It analyzes how the major Western religions dominate European and American culture whereas those of the East, which dominate Asia and Africa, are distinguished not only as modes of worship and belief but also as features of the societies in which they are practiced. It evaluates how Eastern and Western religions are not mutually exclusive, they just overlap or converge in multiple ways.
From the Paper
"A peaceful habit of mind prepares one to enjoy material reality with an appropriate attitude, in the event material fortune disappears. In the Lama's formulation of the Four Noble Truths of sorrow as four factors of happiness, the key is to train the mind, or Sem, away from preoccupation with wealth and toward contentment. That is consistent with the noble truth about stopping the craving, and it points in the direction of the noble truth about good moral conduct. The Lama's view of education of the human psyche in compassion and generosity toward others in the context of humanity's social tendencies can be seen as a link to spiritual experience. Connection to and compassion for others may not guarantee a life without suffering; to this, Tibetan Buddhism responds that a prepared mind has taken the trouble to reflect on suffering as a natural part of Samsara, or the unending cycles of life (Lama and Cutler 140) "
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World Religions, 2004.
An overview and summary of many of the main religions of the world, including Christianity, Judaism, and Eastern religions.
3,722 words (approx. 14.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper examines most of the world's religions and discusses them in the following contexts: founder and history; gods; views on creation; views on death and the afterlife; and major holidays, festivals, and rites.
The religions discussed are Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Taoism, Shinto, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Baha'ism, Hinduism, and Wicca.
From the Paper
"Like Christianity is to Judaism, Buddhism formed basically as an offshoot of Hinduism. The historical Buddha, known as Gautama Buddha, was a high caste Hindu named Siddhartha who underwent a period of fasting and meditation with monks. Afterwards, he rejected some of the main tenets of Hinduism and preached a Middle Path or Middle Way between worldliness and extreme asceticism. A group of followers helped to organize the Buddha?s teachings into a formal religion, much as the Christian apostles and later theologians codified Christianity. Therefore, Gautama Buddha was not so much the founder of the religion as its key prophet and figurehead."
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Adult Education Philosophies, 2005.
This paper discusses five adult education philosophies and their application to the classroom.
1,430 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that adult education, or andragogy as it is called, has been in existence practically since the founding of the country and, today, has become a major educational field used to empower millions of adults across the United States. The author discusses five philosophies, which have been created to explain and to improve the practices related to educating adults in the United States: The liberal, humanist, progressive, behavioral and radical philosophies. The paper stresses that the philosophical approach or combination of approaches must fit the specific needs of the adult learn and may vary for that learner from situation to situation; therefore, the learner needs to understand their own goals.
Table of Contents
The Progressive Philosophy
The Behaviorist Philosophy
The Humanist Philosophy
The Radical Philosophy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Like the progressive philosophy, behaviorism is also focused on scientific means to achieve its end. Education occurs within a controlled environment, with objectives that can be measured. The educational goal is then to change the learner's behavior only through environmental stimuli, without a concern for any other aspects of humanity such as emotion. The objective here is only to change behavior according to specific goals such as competency and programmed learning. Occupational training and professional development programs have benefited from this philosophy. The focus is heavily on stimulus-response designs in order to stimulate new behavior."
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A Contrast Between Women in the Hindu and Sikh Religions, 2002.
An analysis of the acceptance of women in prayer and religious aspects of the Hindu and Sikh religions.
3,485 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
The author explains how recent world events have highlighted the plight of women in several given societies with many atrocities still occurring against women in the name of religion. He contends that while some religions embrace the contributions of women, others completely ignore or forbid it. In some religions, women are encouraged to participate fully in the activities of the church, in others; women are not even allowed to enter places of worship. In addition, the social treatment of women differs according to the religion embraced by each particular society. While women are regarded as equals to men within some religious cultures, other cultures view the woman as little more than a slave and piece of property. To depict the realities of the statements made above, two religions and the way each regards and treats women are covered in this paper: Hinduism and Sikhism. Toward this end, the basic tenants and beliefs of each of these religions is provided.
From the Paper
"The Hindu religion has developed over the last four thousand years, and lacks the organizational hierarchy found in many other religions. Unlike Western religions, Hinduism is a mixture of many beliefs and aspects, including that of magic, nature worship, animal veneration, and an unlimited number of deities and idols. In other words, the Hindu?s find religion in almost everything, such as places like the Himalayan where they believe the God?s live. The basic tenants of the religion hold that, ?the multiplicity of gods and goddesses in its pantheon as manifestations of the one divine spirit, Braham? (Smart 70). According to Hindu?s, Braham is the ?ultimate level of reality, a philosophical absolute, serenely blissful, beyond all ethical or metaphysical limitations? (Kussman and Jain, 83). In Hinduism, the basic view of God is one of ?infinite being, infinite consciousness and infinite bliss? (83). Another important aspect of the Hindu religion is that of rituals. In Hinduism, these rituals include such activities as the lighting of incense, bathing, eating, and marriage ceremonies, all of which are meant to show that God is in everything (Smart 71)"
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Mystery Religions, 2004.
This paper examines how the mystery religions have influenced Christianity.
2,260 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses how the mystery religions influenced the religion of Christianity. The writer explores a number of the ancient mystery religions. The secret rituals of these mystery religions as well as their similarities are discussed. Most importantly, the writer examines the impact of these religions on Christianity and discusses why they are no longer practiced.
From the Paper
"By the end of the first century small communities of Christians could be found in many of places in the Greco-Roman world. According to Jeffrey Sheler, writing for U.S. News World Report as the movement expanded during the second and third centuries, it proved to be anything but simple to deliver a consistent message. The early Christian church was torn by persecution and internal division as Christians struggled to understand and apply the meaning of Jesus' life, death and resurrection in the religious ... "
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East Asia Religions, 2002.
Discusses East Asian religions as human-centered rather than metaphysical mysteries.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Discusses East Asian religions as human-centered rather than metaphysical mysteries. Overview of the principal characteristics of the major East Asian Religions: Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism. Development in China, Korea and Japan. Adaptation of Confucian ideals & its impact on society. Conflict between Buddhism , imported from India, with indigenous religions of Confucianism and Taoism. Comparison of Confusianist & Taoist orientations to Western religion.
From the Paper
"The religions of China, Korea, and Japan have in common an emphasis on the essential unity of all things and the necessity of the individual's integration with nature, family, and society. In addition they have a strong basis in ancestrism and, for the most part, favor a level of syncretism that, especially for those in the Western monotheist traditions, seems remarkable. The overriding common characteristic of East Asian religion, however, is that it is human-centered and seen not, primarily, as the source of solemn metaphysical mysteries but as "part of a ring of relativistic commitments whose real center is inflexible norms or propriety for human and divine relations" (Ellwood & McGraw 180). A brief overview of the principal characteristic of the main East Asian religions will demonstrate how this region of the world has been a distinct entity in terms of the nations' reliance on ..."
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Major Religions in Western Europe, 2001.
A discussion on how Western Europe was influenced by the Greek and Roman religions.
1,790 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how religion has influenced Western Europe society: culturally, politically and economically. The author focuses on the Greek and Roman religions and their impact on other religions such as Christianity.
From the Paper
"One may begin a description of the ways in which religion has influenced the West by looking at the role of religion in Greece and Rome, since these two great empires were undoubtedly highly influential in terms of molding at some level every important aspect of Western European society. Of course, Roman and Greek religions did not arise from the thin air; they are based on older traditions and remained (especially in the case of Rome) syncretistic religions throughout the course of their respective empires. Greek and Roman settlements allowed for the incorporation of local beliefs into the state religion in a way that helped to ensure that those peoples who had been subjugated by the colonial powers would be less inclined to object to their loss of political autonomy. The fact that Greek or Roman rulers would allow local gods and semi-divine figures to be incorporated into the pantheon of the major gods did not negate the fact that various peoples were being subjugated but it must have made their continuing (if forced) inclusion in the empire easier to bring about (Sissa 119)."
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?Living Religions", 2004.
A review of the book, ?Living Religions" by Mary Pat Fisher, with an emphasis on Judaism.
1,082 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces the book, "Living Religions" by Mary Pat Fisher, and specifically explains how and why Judaism evolved into separate groups from its original foundation. It looks at how the Jewish religion is one of the oldest on earth, and from its beginnings, there have always been different groups of Jews who believed in different ways. It examines how the Jewish religion has split into many factions over the years, including Christianity, and how, because of this, the Jewish religion may be one of the most important and essential religions still practiced today.
From the Paper
"As the author notes, the Jews, who had lived in many different cultures and under many different foreign rulers, including Hellenistic (Greek) Alexander the Great, also "became somewhat open to cross-cultural religious borrowings." Some of the beliefs of others became accepted by the some of the Jews, but not all of them, and so another basis for different believing groups was established. As Fisher writes, "?and the rationalistic, humanistic influences of Hellenism led many wealthy and intellectual Jews, including the priests in Jerusalem, to adopt a Hellenistic attitude of skepticism rather than unquestioning belief." They called these two different groups the "traditionalists" and those who "embraced the Greek ways," and the two groups had trouble getting along together."
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East Asian Religions, 2002.
A brief overview of the principal characteristic of the main East Asian religions.
2,523 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the religions of China, Korea and Japan have in common an emphasis on the essential unity of all things and the necessity of the individual's integration with nature, family and society. It shows how some of the most important religions in East Asia have been Confucianism and Taoism, which were indigenous to China and Buddhism, which was imported to China from India and then spread to Korea and from there to Japan. Through a brief overview of the main beliefs of these main East Asian religions, it demonstrates how this region of the world has been a distinct entity in terms of the nations' reliance on similar types of worship, shared faiths that are adapted to separate cultures and similar conceptions of the relationship between religion and society.
From the Paper
"Devotion to ancestors and the burial of the dead characterized Chinese civilization from its earliest beginnings and these aspects of religion have persisted throughout history. But the emergence of the concept of the Tao, usually translated as "way", was to influence the formation of the two great indigenous religions of China. The Tao--and "how to know it, live it and construct a society that exemplifies it"--has been the thread that runs through all Chinese thought and religious expression and has, consequently, affected Korean and Japanese civilization as well (Ellwood & McGraw 183). Chinese thinkers held that there were three realms in which the Tao could be realized: nature, society, and the individual's inner being."
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Global Religions, 2002.
Examining the affect of globalization on the world's main religions.
1,258 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the process of globalization affects world religions. It asks whether religion is somehow exempted from this phenomenon affecting all aspects of the world and whether religion is so well protected or insulated that it is immune to the changes. The writer concludes that religion is not immune to change.
From the Paper
"It was religion that first preached the idea of the oneness of humankind. More than 2600 years ago Zoroastrianism espoused the ideal of a single human family. And yet, as globalisation drives humankind towards some sort of interdependent world the voice and vision of religion has all but faded into oblivion. The religious vision of the unity of humankind has very little in common with the motives and goals of globalisation. For religion - and almost every major religion embody some notion of the oneness of the human family - the essence of universal unity is our common humanity derived in some instances from our faith in the one God. "
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Scientology and Unity Religions, 2006.
A comparative analysis of how Scientology and Unity religions can impact the workplace.
2,487 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
Religious discussion in the workplace can often provide new insight into our co-workers. The discussion of religion can bring new ideas to minds unfamiliar with certain concepts or it may provoke arguments among those devout within their own religion. This paper explores two of those religions' basic principles, that of Scientology and the Unity Church and their possible impact upon the workplace overall and those people involved.
Outline
The Basics of Scientology
Scientology and the Workplace
Unity Church Basics
Unity Church in the Workplace
From the Paper
"The Unity Church is said to have started in 1845, the year Mary Caroline Page was born. She was to become a schoolteacher who taught children the lessons of being good and spiritual. Changing her name to Myrtle, she eventually published a weekly magazine called Wee Wisdom. (http://www.unityonline.org/discover_hist-2.htm). Much of Unity's teaching and publishing is positive, practical Christianity. The Unity religion teaches the practical application in everyday life. They teach the principles of Truth taught and exemplified by Jesus Christ, as interpreted in the light of modern-day experience by Unity (School) and the Association of Unity Churches. " "
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