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Gorbachev's Perestroika, 1992.
A look at Gorbachev's Perestroika as of 1990 including shortages, disenchantment and Yeltsin's move to oust him.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"Five years after Mr. Gorbachev came to power, the Soviet economy is visibly and catastrophically failing, and Soviets are running out of patience.. Shortages, always widespread, have reached the most basic of all goods--bread. In early September of 1990, a month after Muscovites had got used to standing in line for three hours for cigarettes, bakeries came mysteriously to a halt and bread production fell by a third. Even now in large grocery stores, fewer than a dozen pitiful goods are on sale. According to a state committee that monitors the availability of 1,000 products, 996 of them cannot regularly be bought in ordinary shops..
Shortages have long been a feature of all communist economies, but they are growing worse in the Soviet Union, and living standards are falling. In the Soviet Union ownership of..."
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History and Perestroika, 2004.
An exploration of the importance of interpretations of history during President Gorbachev's Perestroika in the U.S.S.R..
2,646 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how in the Soviet Union, interpretations of history were used to promote the various political agendas of the day by successive Soviet governments. It looks at how various historical figures were condemned or rehabilitated in line with the changing political climate and how history was also manipulated to help create a stronger sense of shared national identity in the Soviet Union and to promote patriotism. It shows how in this way there developed a tradition of imposing historical interpretations from above and how during Perestroika the government continued this policy of manipulating history to its own ends although there were a number of important developments. It also examines how the expansion of Glasnost in the Soviet Union led to open questioning of official interpretations of the past and increased calls for new investigations of the key events in the history of the Soviet Union.
From the Paper
"?The Week of Conscience? was an event organised by Memorial and members of Moscow?s intelligentsia in November 1988. During this week people came to pay tribute to the victims of Stalin?s terror in an act of remembrance. The event also served to attempt to fill in ?gaps? in the history of the Soviet people by sharing information about the Gulag camps and victims of Stalin?s persecution whose fate is not officially known. This event marked the emergence of an unofficial ?public? history which attempted to fill in the ?gaps? in official accounts of the era. The huge success of the event shows the importance for the Soviet people of finding the historical truth."
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The NEP and Perestroika: An Economic Analysis, 2005.
A comparison of the economic policies of Vladimir Lenin and Mikhail Gorbachev.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 9 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
This postgraduate paper examines the NEP and perestroika. The paper discusses how Vladimir Lenin's New Economic Policy and Mikhail Gorbachev's perestroika were similar in terms of their short term political and economic goals, for Lenin and Gorbachev both felt compelled to face economic realities. Both men were confronted by an enormous range of economic challenges, for Lenin not only had to rebuild an economy shattered by years of war and revolution he was intent upon replacing Russia's capitalist economic system with a communist economic system.
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The Growth of Perestroika, 2002.
The rise of Perestroika and an examination of the main figure behind its spread - Mikail Gorbachev.
2,175 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
In this paper Ithe writer puts forward the reasons that account for the growth in Perestroika, such as the economic decline and social despair suffered by the populations of Russia and the countries of Communist Eastern Europe. It also looks at the man who was responsible for the introduction of Perestroika, Mikail Gorbachev and why he wanted to introduce Perestroika.
From the Paper
"The Soviet Union and its satellite countries were on a continual downward spiral from the late 50?s and 60?s. Ruled from Moscow, the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe was suffering a very poor economy and social conditions such as housing, welfare and food supply. Leonid Brezhnev, who became Secretary General of the Soviet Communist Party in 1964, reinforced the strict regime of communism. All private ownership in Russia was ended, a mass programme of industrialisation was started and the Soviet military strength was significantly enhanced."
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Mikhail Gorbachev, 2008.
A look at the rule of Mikhail Gorbachev and the changes he made to the
international system in the 1980s.
4,072 words (approx. 16.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the era of the Cold War and in particular, the role played by Mikhail Gorbachev in influencing the course of historical events in the 1980s. The thesis is argued that Gorbachev initiated the processes that brought about the end of the Cold War not so much in response to international conditions so much as to the domestic situation in the Soviet Union - both economic and political. It also argues that he realized that immediate steps to reform were required if the Soviet Union were to meet the challenges of a new era.
Outline:
Introduction
The Soviet Union Before Gorbachev
The Domestic Climate of the USSR
Gorbachev's "New Thinking" and the End of the Cold War
Riding the Dragon of Reform
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While it is undeniable that Mikhail Gorbachev is the single most important Soviet figure during the 1980s, and arguably the personality most responsible for the end of the Cold War, his rise to power in the Soviet system represents a fascinating problem for students of Soviet history. Indeed, several years after Gorbachev had come to power George Kennan - the U.S. diplomat who had played a key role in the development of the "containment strategy" in the 1940s - was asked in a television interview how so unconventional a figure could have risen to the top of the Soviet system that had - during the long Brezhnev era - being characterized as moribund and extremely conservative. Kennan's response is illuminating: "I really cannot explain it." "
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Gorbachev, 1997.
An examination of U.S. - Soviet relations under Mikael Gorbachev, and the ending of the Cold War, including the reduction of nuclear weapons.
3,050 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper shows how Mikhail Gorbachev attempted to broker peace with the U.S. and it discusses his desire to see if not the complete destruction of nuclear weapons then at least a reduction in them, and a closer relationship with the U.S. that enabled a closer working partnership. Of importance, according to the author, are Gorbachev's summits held with Reagan in Reykjavik, Iceland, Moscow and in Washington D.C. The author discusses Gorbachev?s incredible popularity in the west. The paper also briefly touches on the theory that a hard line U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union was the factor in bringing about a change in the Soviet?s attitude.
From the Paper
"This theory that the U.S. forced the Soviets into reforms is a plausible, and convincing argument. However, it does not answer why that this policy had never worked before. Certainly after WW11 the Soviet Union was in a much weaker position to the U.S. both economically and militarily. The Truman administration took a hard line against the Soviets, yet they had not wavered, even though the U.S. at that time was the only nation with nuclear weapons. This theory also fails to take into account the role played by Gorbachev, nor give him the credit he deserves."
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Gorbachev and Soviet Nationalism, 1991.
This paper discusses the evolution of Soviet President Gorbachev's policy with respect to the nationalities issue from1988-91.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 8 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"This study will contrast the policy of Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev with respect to the nationalities issue in the Soviet Union as presented in his book "Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World" and the policy that has emerged as Gorbachev responded to turbulent events in the Soviet republics since October, 1990. The study will discuss the changes that have occurred in Gorbachev's thought and actions as a result of these events.
The first observation which even a casual reader must make with respect to Gorbachev's treatment of the nationalities issue in Perestroika is that there is so little of that coverage. It might be said that Gorbachev refers obliquely to the problems of the republics and their nationalities issues when he writes with some sense of threat in his tone on the "observance of law ... "
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Perestroika, 1991.
An analysis of Gorbachev's efforts to reform the Soviet Union and reasons this policy will not succeed. Includes damage done to political, ideological and economic base of nation.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 10 sources, $ 87.95
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From the Paper
"This study will examine the flaws in perestroika, and the reasons that it will not survive as a viable policy in the Soviet Union. Specifically, the study will examine the reasons that the haphazard reforms initiated by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev under perestroika have damaged the political, ideological, and economic base in the Soviet Union. Gorbachev's efforts with respect to perestroika have been based on the recognition that the old Soviet system simply was no longer viable.
As we read in Doder and Branson, "The Soviet system had been perpetuating the worst features of imperial Russia, enforcing a uniformity and obedience that spawned passivity and a lack of social and civic responsibility. The system, in effect, had turned Russia into a country of 'political illiterates,' as one Gorbachev aide put it. Gorbachev wanted to restructure the..."
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Perestroika and East Germany, 2004.
An examination of the effects of reforms in Russian on East Germany.
2,751 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how East and West Germany were two very different places for people coming from the same ethnic background. The Cold War created two different societies. It explains how, when Gorbachev came along, he attempted to reform the USSR and provide ?New Thinking? that would give the crumbling regime a new lease on life. The policies were very slow to take hold, but when they did, events moved at a dizzying pace. It discusses how Perestroika and Glasnost effectively gave the East German people the ability to rise up against their Communist leaders and end the Cold War.
From the Paper
"When Gorbachev took control of the Soviet Union on March 11, 1985, he inherited an institution filled with corruption and cynicism. The Soviet Union?s industrial equipment and transportation was obsolete and the rate of economic growth had declined. For a global super power, the living conditions were deplorable. Employees were often drunk or neglected to show up for work, which resulted in low productivity, and lower quality consumer goods. Consumer goods were as well, in very short supply. With the Soviets computer technology lacking in comparison to that of the Americans, it seemed as though the USSR was loosing its grip as a global superpower."
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Gorbachev and Yeltsin, 1993.
A comparison of leadership styles and the aims of the two reformist Soviet leaders.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Leadership - in the former Soviet Union and the current independent Republic of Russia - is a term that has only recently taken on a comparative meaning. Prior to the helmsmanship of Nikita Khrushchev (1953-64), the country was led by the institution of the Czarist empire (died 1917), then by the cults of personality centered around Vladimir Lenin (1917-1924) and Josef Stalin (1926-1953).. In the former case, imperial leadership was exercised primarily via bureaucratic momentum (or non-momentum, as World War I disastrously proved). Since that era, after the brief establishing rule of Lenin was succeeded by the long dictatorship of Stalin, leadership in the Soviet Union was reduced to the level of personal fiat. Policy dialogue with other national leaders, let alone political debate, was most definitely not a consideration. From Khrushchev through the..."
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The Brezhnev Doctrine and Perestroika, 1992.
A look at the effects of the two documents on the Soviet Union's domestic and foreign policies.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 4 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"When Soviet troops invaded Czechoslovakia in 1968, effectively ending the Prague Spring of peaceful rebellion, many felt that there was no hope for political reform in the Soviet-bloc countries and that the Soviet Union would always exert total dominance over the politics of eastern Europe. the Brezhnev Doctrine was soon issued as a justification of Soviet troops entering Prague and explicitly substantiated feelings that the Soviet Union would not be willing to loosen it grip on eastern Europe.
However, some twenty years later Michael Gorbachev published Perestroika and political reform in the Soviet Union and eastern Europe suddenly became of the utmost concern not only for the Soviet-bloc countries but for the whole world as well. World socialism currently hangs in the balance-dependent almost solely..."
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Gorbachev's Economics, 1989.
Discusses economic initiatives, goals, possible success or failure, background of socialist approach, reform in Marxist, Leninist & Stalinist contexts.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 21 sources, $ 87.95
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From the Paper
" In March 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev was elected General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) Central Committee, and Chairman of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Council of Defense. He was, at that time, already a member of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet. In the somewhat more than four years that he has been the nation's leader, he has introduced far reaching social, political, and economic initiatives. The economic initiatives are the focus of this research study.
In examining the contemporary economic developments in the Soviet Union, several factors must be considered. First, economic initiatives of Gorbachev are not unprecedented in socialist states generally, nor in the Soviet Union in (...)"
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Russian Music, 2002.
An analysis of the history of Russian music, including a focus on its impact on present day Russian society.
1,062 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the ups and downs of Russian music throughout the Soviet Union?s tumultuous history. The paper examines the impact that music has on Russians today. This paper also discusses the music during the pre-revolutionary years, post-revolutionary years, the Stalin years, the post-Stalin years, and Gorbachev?s perestroika years.
From the Paper
"The years before the Russian Revolution of 1905 and the Russian revolution of 1917 are considered the pre-revolutionary years. The Russian Revolution of 1905 was an unsuccessful attempt to topple the ruling czar and it all started with the Bloody Sunday Massacre. The Russian revolution of 1917 succeeded in overthrowing the imperial government and replacing them with the Bolsheviks. The pre-revolutionary years, in Russia, were filled with Byzantium liturgical chants, nationalistic folk songs, operas, and symphonies. In 988, Prince Vladimir of Kiev decided that Russian?s national religion would be Byzantine Orthodoxy and that?s how the Byzantium liturgical chants ended up in Russia. However, after the Russians created their own style of liturgical chants, it was called znammeny chants. This type of music was entirely vocal and there were no musical instruments accompanying the chants."
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Agricultural Policy In USSR, 1989.
Compares Soviet policy under Khrushchev (1953-64) & Gorbachev (1985-91). Discusses Perestroika, central planning & collective farming, reforms, Western reactions, failures & successes, Marxist theory and production.
5,400 words (approx. 21.6 pages), 30 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"This research examines and compares agricultural policy in the Soviet Union for two different periods. These periods are (1) the contemporary period, which began in March 1985, with the election of Mikhail Gorbachev as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) Central Committee, and Chairman of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Council of Defense, and (2) the March 1953.to.October 1964 time period, during which Nikita Khrushchev held the office of General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee.
Agricultural policy in the Soviet Union is of particular interest in early.1989, because it is a part of perestroika, the master policy through which Gorbachev hopes to restructure the country's economic and political systems (Gorbachev, 1987)."
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Glasnost and Democratization, 2004.
An analysis of Mikhail Gorbachev's Glasnost and democratization under Boris Yeltsin.
2,518 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
The end of the Cold War found Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin seeking solutions for problems that needed to be solved. Their attempts to reform the socialist state are reviewed in this paper, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
Outline
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Gorbachev's Glasnost
Yeltsin and Democratization
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In many ways, Mikhail Gorbachev came to power during a period in Soviet history where things had been going downhill for some time, and the Old Guard was dying off; however, the primary catalyst for reform during Gorbachev period of glasnost, or "openness," was one of economics. For example, in their book, Glasnost, Perestroika and the Socialist Community, Bukowski and Walsh (1990) report that, "The impetus for reform in the Soviet Union came from a number of directions, but the factor of fundamental importance was the economic one. Gorbachev's economic reforms are meant to revitalize a stagnant Soviet economy that has been growing at only about 2 percent annually for a decade. The reasons for the slowdown are partly internal and structural, and partly external." "
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