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The Good Ozone and the Bad Ozone, 2008.
An analysis of the problem of tropospheric ozone and the depletion of the good ozone and the reasons for these problems.
1,644 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ozone and the problems associated with it. It looks at the problem of tropospheric ozone and what causes this problem. It then looks at the problem of ozone depletion and why that is occurring. The paper particularly discusses greenhouse emissions and global warming. Finally, the paper analyzes the issue of the ozone hole and shows how worldwide mobilization of governments and the consequent resolve to deal with and face the issue have made a big difference in finding a solution to the problem at hand.
Table of Contents:
The Good Ozone
The Bad Ozone
From the Paper
"The problem of ozone depletion is an example of an environmental problem that has required a global consensus and a global solution. Nevertheless, the effects of the CFCs will not be so easily overturned, despite the long-term solution. It can serve as a good example of how to effectively deal with environmental problems, and in particular the issue of global warming. The problem of ground the ozone in the troposphere is more an urban problem, which however can be dealt with only through long-term solutions and changes in lifestyle."
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The Ozone Layer, 2004.
This paper discusses the ozone layer and the implications of predictive future developments.
2,020 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the ozone layer's function is to shield the earth and its inhabitants from the deadly effects of ultraviolet heat, which causes the earth to be inhabitable in terms of the surface of the earth temperatures, and to hold the good light within the atmosphere. The author points out that, since the Montreal Protocol, which eliminated or restricted substances damaging the ozone layer, the ozone layer hole appears to be shrinking. The paper relates that global warming, which the paper states is entirely independent of the influence of human beings and the careless and irresponsible behavior of mankind in relation to industrial practices of the past, means that the future of the ozone layer is questionable.
Table of Contents
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Good Up High - Bad Nearby
The Composition of the Ozone Layer
Other Facts about Ozone and Everyday Considerations
The Ozone Riddle
Future Outlooks in Relation to Ozone
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Not all damages to the Ozone layer are of the manmade type. It is known that volcanoes emit sulfuric acid droplets during the course of an eruption. Although it is expected that the ozone will recover, if all nations abide by the CFC banning agreement and other mandates of the Montreal Protocol of 1988, it is understood among scientists that reality has it that the Ozone will not fully recover for at 50 and up to a possible 100 years."
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Ozone Depletion, 2002.
A discussion of the the importance of ozone, its formation, ill effects and a brief history of the 'ozone hole'.
2,390 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the causes and effects of the depletion of the ozone layer which allows excess ultraviolet light from the sun to leak through and reach the earth's surface. The impact of excess UV light can be increasingly dangerous, harming crops, wildlife and farm animals and increasing the incidence of skin cancer in humans. The paper looks at the life cycle of an ozone molecule, ozone holes and the TOMS (total ozone mapping spectrometer) Earth Probe which can measure the dimensions of an ozone hole. It evaluates the connection between ozone and cancer and provides a timeline for the history of the ozone hole.
From the Paper
"Without the sterner controls on CFC production, ozone-damaging chlorine and bromine levels would have continued to rise steeply until 2100 and beyond. That was the conclusion of the World Meteorological Organization' s 1994 Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, the most comprehensive and authoritative statement to date on the ozone question, prepared with input from NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the United Nations Environment Program. It is the product of 295 scientists from both developed and developing countries. Therefore, it represents an overwhelming consensus of the world's scientists about the severity of the threat to the ozone layer."
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Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, 2002.
A definition of stratosheric ozone depletion and how chlorofluorocarbons effect the ozone layer.
1,082 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses ozone depletion and its causes, including products which introduce chlorofluorocarbons (cfc's) into the atmosphere. The paper also looks at the Montreal Protocol, a recent world resolution regarding the problem of ozone depletion.
From the Paper
"An Antarctic ozone hole forms from September to November each year, caused by man made pollutants that destroy ozone in the atmosphere. The hole has been getting progressively larger. The culprits are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), once used as coolants. The ozone hole above Antarctica starts forming in September, when springtime sunlight returns to the polar skies. The light energizes chlorine and bromine containing chemicals that break down ozone molecules in the stratosphere and destroy it. "Sunlight splits off chlorine from CFCs, and the chlorine ozone reaction takes place most readily on the surface of ice crystals" (Onion). Polar Regions reflects the greatest changes in ozone concentrations, especially the South Pole."
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The Ozone Layer, 2002.
A discussion of the different causes and their detrimental effects on the ozone layer.
1,884 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper examines data on the effects of aircraft emissions on stratospheric ozone since the 1960s discovery that the emission of nitrous oxides and water vapor in the engine exhaust from supersonic transport planes may be destructive to the ozone layer. The ozone layer is the layer which keeps much of the sun's biologically harmful ultra-violet radiation from reaching the Earth's surface stratospheric ozone. It also analyzes how the continual destruction and production of ozone and the complex reactions between aerosols and exhaust emissions makes it difficult to assess the extent of the problem with currently available data.
From the Paper
"In 1971, Crutzen's theory was used to block the plan for the development of a fleet of high-speed supersonic aircraft (SSTs). It was believed that the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust from these planes would pose a serious threat to the ozone layer. As a result, the U. S. SST plan was abandoned. It is paradoxical that, while the environmental consequences of increasing the number of high-speed aircraft are viewed as being a serious threat to the ozone layer, air travel continues to increase annually (7). The demand for faster aircraft for travel to more distant destinations is spurring atmospheric chemists to research the effects of emissions from SSTs, and to develop ways to make engines whose exhaust is less damaging to the ozone layer."
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A Hole in the Ozone Layer, 2007.
This paper discusses the depletion of the ozone layer and the actions taken to combat this problem.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the overall structure of the ozone layer and how chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs destroy the ozone molecules. The paper discusses how ozone depletion has spread from the Antarctic to various areas around the globe. The paper explores what the world is doing to combat this problem of ozone depletion.
From the Paper
"To begin with, the ozone layer is a band of, well, "ozone" located in the upper atmosphere. More specifically, ozone itself is made up of three atoms of oxygen instead of the much more common two. This band of atypical oxygen molecules is found about 10-50 kilometers above the earth's surface - the numbers apparently vary depending upon the source consulted (Gleason para.2) - and shields the planet from harmful ultraviolet radiation ("Ozone Layer" sec.1-4). The creation, the production, of this band of ozone is complex for those not well-acquainted with chemistry. Be that as it may, it can be said that ozone is mostly produced by ultraviolet light hitting oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms."
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What Is Happening to the Ozone?, 2005.
An analysis of the affects of global warming on the ozone layer.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ozone layer and how it affects the earth. The paper discusses what is happening to the ozone layer, the affects of global warming on the earth and the important role that the ozone plays in the earth's atmosphere. It then urges all adults to learn more about the problems that the earth is facing before it is too late.
From the Paper
"What Is Happening to the Ozone? "Hi! I'm an ozone molecule. I spend my time about 15 miles above the earth, soaking up ultraviolet rays from the sun before they zap you people on earth" (Holey Ozone37). This simple cartoon tells about the ozone and how the ozone molecules are being deleted and discusses what children can do to help. The problem is that many adults need to know what is happening to the ozone and take action before it is too late. Global warming is threatening part of the earth. The ozone plays an important part in the atmosphere of the earth so it is important to consider what is hurting the ozone and what can be done to keep the ozone layer. The Ozone The first step in understanding the problems with the ozone is to define it. "
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Depletion of the Ozone Layer, 2002.
A look at the potential damage that can be caused by depletion of the ozone layer.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issue of ozone layer depletion. The author notes that scientists have detected serious increases in ultraviolet radiation near the earth's surface in recent years, due to the depletion of the protective ozone layer; and discusses why physicians, environmentalists, and governments are expressing concern. The paper concludes that UV radiation causes skin cancers and eye ailments, weakens immune systems, and slows plant growth on both land and sea, and warns that even though steps are finally being taken to protect the ozone layer, it will take many years to repair the damage.
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Stratospheric Ozone Protection, 2007.
A detailed account of the Environmental Protection Agency's Stratospheric Ozone Protection Division from its inception until its current state.
2,653 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Stratospheric Ozone Protection Division (SPD), which is designed to reduce the emissions of ozone depleting substances (ODSs). The paper discusses the methods used for implementation of various ODS-reducing programs and touches on agency accountability, as well as industry compliance. The paper analyzes the effectiveness of the program.
Table of Contents:
Background
Function
Performance
External Observers
Financials
Program Assessment
From the Paper
"According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the primary purposes of the Stratospheric Ozone Protection Division (SPD) are to protect and restore the ozone layer and to reduce the rate of skin cancer (Environmental Protection Agency [EPA]), 2007). The Stratospheric Ozone Protection Division has implemented a variety of programs designed to protect the ozone layer. The momentum for the development of these programs can primarily be sourced to the Montreal Protocol and the Clean Air Act (CAA). The majority of these programs are designed to reduce or eliminate the emission of ozone depleting substances (ODS)."
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Ozone Layer Depletion, 2003.
Discusses the danger of holes in the ozone layer.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
Examines the function of ozone layer, man-made depletion, and steps to prevent further depletion and restore the ozone layer through elimination of products that cause it. Discusses dangers to human beings, other animal life, and the general ecology.
From the Paper
"The ozone layer, or ozonosphere, is located in the stratosphere surrounding the earth, and is responsible for protecting the life on the planet - human, plant and animal, including the life in the sea - from the dangers ..."
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The Production and Control Of Ozone, 1997.
Reviews current information regarding the ozone layer of the Earth's upper atmosphere and the damage being done to the layer related to natural and human activities. Engineering solutions designed to eliminate further depletion are presented.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 14 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"The Production and Control of Ozone
Abstract
This article will review current information regarding the ozone layer of Earth's upper atmosphere, damage being done to the ozone layer related to natural and human activities. Engineering solutions designed to eliminate further depletion of the ozone layer will be presented.
Introduction
The ozone (O3) layer refers to the layer within Earth's upper atmosphere lying between 50,000 to 120,000 feet (Ozone layer, 1984, 2127). In forming ozone, ultraviolet radiation of wavelengths between 290 and 320 nanometers are absorbed by oxygen ..."
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Ozone Layer, 1989.
Discusses composition, location, dangers of chloroflourocarbons & aerosols, possibility of reducing emissions, recovery & recycling.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"In 1985, British scientists discovered a hole, the size of the United States, in the ozone layer; the hole had been occurring over Antarctica each spring since 1979 (World watch Paper 87). Although the theory said that a group of widely used chemicals called chloroflourocarbons (CFC's) would someday evade the upper atmosphere ozone, none of the models predicted it would be over the South Pole or that it would be so severe. Also during this period, the expected rate of the greenhouse warming accelerated because its relationship to CFC's became clearer to scientists (Miller and Mintzer). In the fall of 1986, the U.S. and European users and producers of CFC's and DuPont Chemicals, the largest single CFC manufacturer, endorsed limits on CFC production (Miller and Mintzer). Government decisions concerning Ozone depletion will influence the greenhouse problem, the (...)"
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Ozone-Layer Depletion, 1992.
The causes, effects and possible solutions to human destruction of crucial layer of the atmosphere protecting the Earth from the Sun.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"The ozone layer is the atmospheric layer that shields the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. There is disagreement concerning the extent to which chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other chemicals in the atmosphere attack the ozone layer. Predictions of the resultant ozone depletion occurring globally in the next century have ranged from 3 percent to 18 percent as scientists work to understand this complex problem. Researchers examining the data in search of subtle annual changes in global ozone chemistry noticed that the South Pole's ozone concentration dropped more each October than in other months. Initially researchers did not believe the data was significant.
Scientists now know that an ozone hole exists over the entire continent of Antarctica every October and has been getting larger each year. The question now is whether this effect is a ..."
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Ozone Layer Depletion, 1995.
Examines causes and environmental effects, history, CFMs, statistics, ultraviolet radiation, U.S. and global corrective measures and the future.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 10 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"OZONE LAYER DEPLETION AND ITS EFFECTS
Introduction
The ozone (O3) layer of the Earth's upper atmosphere exists from 50,000 to 120,000 feet (10:2127). Ozone at this level of the earth's atmosphere is generated by the absorption of ultraviolet radiation by oxygen (O2). In forming ozone, ultraviolet radiation of wavelengths between 290 and 320 manometers is absorbed and thus not allowed to reach the surface of the Earth. Concentrations of ozone are a few parts per million, variously estimated between 5 and 10 ppm (10:2127). Unstable ozone molecules are also constantly being created and destroyed by complex natural forces involving solar radiation and interactions with very minute quantities of other gases. Ozone concentrations fluctuate naturally on a daily, seasonal, and ..."
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