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"All God's Children", 2006.
Examines the history of racial tension through the book "All God's Children: The Bosket Family and the American Tradition of Violence" by Fox Butterfield.
1,529 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The spiral of violence in the United States had its roots in slavery and has been perpetuated through the generations by the wide division that has existed between the black and white cultures. This paper examines these views by Fox Butterfield in "All God's Children". The paper shows how the author backs up his claim with voluminous research that studies the family of convicted murderer Willie Bosket, to uncover a tradition of violence and poverty that began during the days that immediately followed the Revolutionary War.
From the Paper
"From the start Willie Bosket's relationship with his mother was complicated. She often told the boy that he was just like his father and that he was sure to grow up to be "no good." The environment in Harlem was far less than wholesome, and he was always struggling in a love-hate relationship with his mother. When he learned that his father was in prison, he bragged about the fact to neighborhood boys and soon became embroiled in violent crime and behavior as had the men in his family as far back as could be traced. The so-called code of honor had become what is today known as the code of the streets, and Willie began to engage in petty crime that was met with violent punishment from his mother."
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"All God's Children", 2006.
Examines a biographical text by Fox Butterfield that relates the violent family history of the criminal, Willie Bosket.
1,577 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
Willie Bosket has been called the most violent criminal in New York state history. This paper shows just who Bosket is and how he came to be so violent which is at the heart of "All God's Children: The Bosket Family and the American Tradition of Violence" by Fox Butterfield. A dual biography of Willie Bosket and his father, and the saga of a family as it lurches through the decades from slave quarters to sharecroppers' cabin to Harlem tenement, the paper examines how the book shows how a tradition of violence crosses color lines and gets handed down from generation to generation.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
The "Monster" Among us
How do we Prevent Creating More Willie Boskets?
From the Paper
"Juvenile justice professionals must argue vigorously to maintain separate juvenile and criminal justice systems. Legitimate public concerns justify imprisoning dangerous, repeat offenders; however, research shows that housing juvenile offenders with adult felons is not the answer to reduce the rate of violent crime. Youth who get into trouble with the law need adult guidance, and suitable role models won't be found in prison. People must understand that the development of children and youth is a process that allows for learning, growing, changing, and maturing."
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Kant's Argument Against God, 2002.
An overview of Immanuel Kant's theories of God and his reasoning that God does not exist.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the Immanuel Kant's theories of God and seek to understand how he succeeded in proving that God does not exist in his world. By evaluating his ideas on morals and other subjects related to his philosophy on God, we can see how he clearly saw the reasoning in finding that a God did not exist for him.
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The Word of God, 2004.
This paper offers an exploration of the word God and Word of God as treated in the Bible.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer studies the word God and the Word of God. The writer looks at these concepts as they are treated in the Old and New Testaments. In this paper, the writer shows the many differences between the two biblical books including mankind, the Law, sin and redemption.
From the Paper
"The word God and the word of God are often viewed as being radically different in the Old and New Testaments. According to one theologian, 'Understanding the difference between the Old and New Testaments is one of the most important foundations that must be laid to properly understand God's Word'. There are many differences between the Word of God in the Old Testament and the New Testament. For example, mankind had no direct link to God in the Old Testament ... "
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Adam and Eve: The First Children, 2003.
A discussion of how Adam and Eve are the true embodiment of children of today.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the idea that Adam and Eve are actual children and God is an actual father to them. It attempts to understand why they disobeyed God?s command in the Garden of Eden by considering their behavior to that of children who disobey their parents. It examines how all children disobey their parents at one time or another and how there are several causes, the main one being that children understandably lack the knowledge to know right from wrong. In Adam and Eve?s case, they couldn?t know right because they couldn?t know wrong. It also uses the analogy of Adam and Eve to discuss the theories behind preventative measures against disobedience such as warnings and punishment.
From the Paper
"In the beginning, Adam and Eve were content in their Paradise. They would never question God?s word. Eve though they did not know the difference, they were happy. Early in life, for example, as babies we are unaware of much around us, but we know when we are happy. Unfortunately, as children begin to get older, they begin to wonder about absolutely everything. It?s natural for children to be curious about things. It is especially natural for children to ask ?why this? and ?why that? when something is forbidden to them. If Adam and Eve are considered children, rather than adults, then maybe we can begin to understand why they disobeyed God?s command."
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The Human Need to Believe in God, 2008.
A discussion of why human beings have always needed a god or gods to believe in.
1,908 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the origins of religion and how they may have evolved from a basic human need to believe in something that was meta-physical, divine, and omnipotent. The paper also focuses on the indebtedness - if any - of some of today's prominent religions to other sects which have been lost to the mists of time. Furthermore, this paper explores what purposes myths served in the ancient world and how they benefited ancient societies in ways that other forms of socialization perhaps could not. In the final analysis, the paper suggests that religion may have evolved from more primitive forms of morals and maintains that religion is beneficial to the human species.
From the Paper
"Returning once more to the work of Paul Kurtz, the need for religion is something that all ancient human societies required insofar as it was an ideal (or at least tolerably effective) coping mechanism for dealing with all of the many things early man could not control. For instance, it assuaged the fear of death, gave human beings the comfort of believing that the injustices of this world would be rectified in the next one, was a means by which the tribulations brought about famine, pestilence, terrible weather or warfare could be endured in the hopes of better days to come, and - finally - religion was a palliative that restored hope in instance wherein hope might not be easily revived otherwise. Finally, religion gave early man the faith that the unseen factors shaping the world (for better or for ill) could be propitiated and even brought to serve the needs of the local community (Kurtz, 23)."
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Greek, Norse and Egyptian Gods, 2002.
This paper discusses the similarities and differences between the Greek, Norse and Egyptian Pantheons --- gods and goddesses.
1,160 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the ?father-creator? God, a ?trickster? God, and a ?love? Goddess of Greek, Norse and Egyptian cultures. The author believes that the ?father-creator? Gods have the most in common: Greek God, Zeus, the Norse God Odin and the Egyptian God Amen-Re. The paper introduces the ?trickster Gods?: Norse God Loki, the Egyptian God Seth, and the Greek God Prometheus. The paper also describes the ?love goddesses?: Egyptian Goddess Hathor, Greek Goddess Aphrodite and Norse Goddess Freya.
From the Paper
"The myths of these gods also referred to the sky. Both Zeus and Odin had palaces high above the mortal world, known as Mt. Olympus and Asgard. These palaces served as meeting places for the gods, and as observation decks. Zeus is often depicted as looking down from Mt. Olympus into the mortal world. Odin also gazed at mortals and gods similarly, from Hlidskialf, his throne in Asgard. Though he did not have a palace in the sky, Amen-Re was referred to as the ?Sun? god. "
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Of God and Temptation, 2003.
An essay on God and his relation to the concept of temptation. This paper debates whether or not God initiated temptation and, consequently, sin, alluding to the possibility of a malevolent god.
1,313 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This essay is actually written in a fairly satirical tone, pointing out contradictions in the "infallible" Bible, as well as contradictions in God's allegedly perfect character using Christian rhetoric and quotations from the Bible itself.
From the Paper
"Although Genesis 3:4-5 (?The serpent said to the woman, ?Surely you will not die, for God knows that when you eat from it your eyes will open and you will be like divine beings who know good and evil.?) tells us that the serpent tempted Eve to eat the apple, isn?t it true that God tempted Adam and Eve first? If there were no Tree of Knowledge for Adam and Eve to be tempted with, then there would be no concept of temptation, no sin, and no damnation. There would also be no malice, no murder, no hatred, no theft, no bigotry, no rape, no war, no crime and nothing else that could even be perceived as a negative action, because if there was no sin, then none of the aforementioned would even exist."
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Liebniz, Spinoza and the Idea of God, 2008.
A comparison between the views of Benedict Spinoza and Gottfried Leibniz concerning the idea of God.
2,575 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the idea of God posited by Benedict Spinoza with that posited by Gottfried Leibniz. The paper points out that, according to Spinoza, God exists necessarily from its divine nature, inhabiting the world as the world inhabits it. It claims that Leibniz saw the elegance of this utterly rational God, though he also espied a threat that he attempted to displace by defending the traditional anthropomorphic idea of God. Spinoza's God is beyond human, to which the human notions of 'good' and 'evil' do not apply. Leibniz saw in this God no freedom, no agency, and no morality by which man could live. The paper concludes that these two philosophers, arguably the most significant of their day, differed drastically in their views of God's role with regard to the world. While Spinoza's view of a non-human God appeals to humanity to find a liberal and democratic method by which to exist in the world, Leibniz's more traditional view of God involves the reliance upon faith and provides a perfect example upon which humanity must model itself.
From the Paper
"While this eminently rational idea of God possesses an almost geometric elegance, the implications of such a view would greatly disturb Spinoza's contemporaries, Leibniz among them. Since all things follow necessarily from God's nature as substance, determined solely through itself, it follows that things could not be any other way than they are. "Things could not have been produced by God in any manner or in any order different from that which exists." This is an utter rejection of the supreme anthropomorphic father figure, who chooses between right and wrong and lays down laws by which humanity is judged. Good and bad are reduced to human notions relative to our limited experience of the world, completely irrelevant to a universe that functions from the necessary. Morality is seemingly abolished, and God seems too powerless to ever have created anything at all. In fact, freedom to Spinoza is the ability to be determined by nothing other than one's nature, which entails that only God is completely free as the one substance, and to choose to be anything but what he is would be absurd, as what he is, is perfection. "...God alone is a free cause. For God alone exists only from the necessity of his nature and acts from the necessity of his nature." The threat to the theocratic order is explicit here, for while Spinoza's God is necessarily perfect, he is not necessarily good. Following from necessity, what we term 'evil' is as much in God as what we call 'good'. This God is not based on relative human notions or longings: it follows purely from the necessity of reason. Spinoza maintains that he sees God as surely as he can see the truth of a geometric proof: "I know it in the same way that the three angles of a triangle are equal to two right angles." The rejection of ultimate reward and punishment places the onus for morality squarely upon human shoulders; a yoke religion explicitly labors to remove because it is too heavy for most humans to bear and would lead to social chaos. Perhaps Spinoza had such in mind when he penned the last line of his Ethics: "...all things excellent are as difficult as they are rare."
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Truth, Goodness and the Character of God, 2008.
An analysis of the character of God in western culture.
1,375 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the God of Judeo-Christian culture in terms of the concepts of truth and goodness. The paper points out that this is a critical God, who monitors human thought and activity, rewards good behavior and punishes bad. It also discusses the belief that this omniscient and omnipotent God demands our undivided allegiance. The paper concludes that any inventory of the hard plight of man throughout human history would suggest that either a just God of the type envisioned in Western culture does not exist or that God exists, but not necessarily a God of goodness at all.
Outline:
Introduction
God and Truth
God and Goodness
From the Paper
"However, even in discussing as profound a topic as the character of God, I believe that our beliefs - even concerning God - must be logically consistent. In that regard, the notion that "everything happens for a reason" is not logically consistent. If God is good, and to whatever extent God desires goodness for human beings, God could either choose to remain entirely uninvolved in human affairs or God could choose to intervene on our behalf. If God chooses to remain completely uninvolved in human affairs, then the concept of things happening "for a reason" is nonsensical, because God neither acts nor intervenes on our behalf at all."
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?Their Eyes Were Watching God?, 2004.
Discusses the metaphorical use of God's voice in this novel by Zora Neale Hurston.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
Ironically, Zora Neale Hurston?s novel, "Their Eyes Were Watching God", is about voice more than sight. However, the voice has always been where mankind assumes divinity to exist; the Word of God is an important concept in Western thought. Therefore, it seems logical that the main character in a novel about a person?s search for fulfillment would use both the metaphor of the voice and the presence of God as main concepts. The paper shows that, in this novel, God is not referred to very much, but it is obvious from the title that God is present. God is not actively present, however. Instead, the natural disasters that beset and befall Janie and the others are presented simply as natural parts of God?s world, something to be watched and not ?managed? or even feared. The paper shows how God?s natural world and all its problems simply exist in a neutral way.
From the Paper
"She never finds her ultimate true voice, however, until she has to shoot Tea Cake when he is out of his mind after being bitten by a rabid dog. She must testify at her murder trial, and it is easy for her. Despite her painful loss and her pain at causing Tea Cake?s death, her love for him is obvious and gains her an acquittal from an all-white jury of men. Janie, by then, is no longer a light-skinned, raven-haired beauty who would be attractive to them to account for their decision. Therefore, it must be her voice that secures her release."
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Children in Faith Healing Religions at Risk, 2000.
The effects of allowing parents in faith healing religions to deny their children medical care.
6,030 words (approx. 24.1 pages), 31 sources, MLA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
A comprehensive analysis of the legality of parents denying their children access to health care on the basis of their involvement in a "faith healing" religion such as Christian Science or Faith Tabernacle. The paper explains that for some residents of the United States, traditional medicine is not religiously acceptable in the face of sickness. On the contrary, these residents are so strongly against medicine that they will not even allow their children to see a doctor if they suffer from life threatening illnesses. It discusses how many followers of these religions are denying the use of traditional medicine and joining a movement that shies from what society considers the norm for treating sickness by putting their belief in God's ability to heal their family's illnesses. The paper argues however, that parents' religious convictions about the disuse of any type of medicine for their children should not be allowed as a legal means of denying their children this medicine because these convictions often cause the needless deaths and suffering of many children whom medical care would have helped.
From the Paper
"For centuries America has debated to what extent church and state should be separated. More recently the argument about the disuse of medical treatment for religious reasons and the resulting deaths of the children of certain religious organization's followers has arisen. Since the seventeenth century when settlers came to America to escape religious persecution and seek religious freedom, the issue of separation of church and state has been in debate (Council 1). However, not all religions were given equal rights before the Bill of Rights was created: in Boston anyone preaching outside the established church could be fined or banned from the settlement (Weiss 11). Also, in areas that practiced South Anglicanism, those who spoke out against the Christian faith were sentenced to death (Weiss 11). However, the first amendment to the American Bill of Rights, which was passed in September of 1789, changed these discriminatory practices on a federal level and caused less religious discrimination to occur (Weiss 31). This amendment states: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" (Bartlett 3). This amendment did not, however, guarantee the protection of United States citizens from state religious discrimination; but the fourteenth amendment, which was passed at a later date, did (Weiss 32). Opponents for and against parents' rights to deny their child medical care based on religious convictions are eager to solve the question of the relationship of church and state and the necessity of parents to obtain medical care as required by state governments. This issue has thus become a pressing argument that must be solved quickly because many children's lives are at stake."
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Descartes' Views On God, 2002.
Examines his ontological argument (a priori) and 'a posteriori demonstration of God's existence.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 31.95
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Abstract
His ontological argument (a priori) and 'a posteriori demonstration of God's existence. Concept of perfection. Proofs of God's existence. Examining the reality of God. Descartes' belief in God the Giver and Creator. Free will of man as proof. Differences between existence of God & essence of God. Flaws in Descartes' reasoning.
From the Paper
"Descartes and God
"More consequences for thought and action follow from the affirmation or denial of God than from answering any other basic question" (Hutchins 543). It is a fact that, long before Descartes, Man often thought of himself as the supreme being of the Universe, and still obedient to, or believing in, or trusting some superhuman Being called God.
While for millennia, philosophers have debated the idea or ideas of God, Descartes states that "ONE idea alone, becomes the basis for such an inference. He supplements his a priori or ontological argument with what he calls 'a posteriori demonstration of God's existence from the mere idea that God exists in us'" (Hutchins 554). God exists, Descartes writes, because "He possesses every sort of perfection…(and) existence is one of them" "
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The Many Faces of God, 2002.
A review of Karen Armstrong?s ?History of God?, focusing on its contribution to the great debate concerning the evolution of man?s perception of God.
1,774 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the central theme of ?History of God? by Karen Armstrong, that the definition of God is subject to conventionality. The paper does this by highlighting the influences that led Armstrong to embark on this quest for illumination as well as by providing a summary of the book. The writer illustrates Armstrong's belief that Man's definition of God is continuously being modified, abandoned, revived and reiterated in accordance with Man?s realistic and pragmatic challenges, as opposed to philosophical reverie.
From the Paper
"Before providing an analysis of the book?s core theme, it is necessary to study the influences that drove Armstrong to write this book. Armstrong?s interest in religion was cultivated at an early age, manifesting in her entering the religious order at the age of 17. For 7 years, Armstrong lived the life of a Roman Catholic nun (Powell, 1998, 1). Her monastic life afforded her exposure to the 3 Abrahamic religions. She obtained a BA in literature at Oxford University. However, she experienced great difficulty in conforming to the restrictive realities of her convent life and decided to leave the convent on amicable terms."
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The Existence of God, 2006.
Compares and contrasts Thomas Aquinas' and St. Anselm of Canterbury's arguments for the existence of God.
3,549 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper examines St. Anselm of Canterbury's and Thomas Aquinas' attempts to prove the existence of God. The paper examines the arguments of both theologians and explains that, while their methods of proving the existence of God are very different, their arguments have endured and influenced Christian thought through the centuries. The paper also looks at the weaknesses in both men's theories and concludes with the assertion that the major weakness of both theories is that they prove the existence of God but not the existence of the God of the Bible and that in order to believe in the Christian God, divine revelation is needed.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Anselm's Arguments
Argument from Goodness
Argument from Existence
Ontological Argument
Aquinas' Arguments
Argument from Motion
Argument from Efficient Cause
St. Aquinas on St. Anselm
Problems with Anselm
Problems with Aquinas
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Anselm (1033 - 1109), would be considered in today's terms a theologian/philosopher. Anselm is most famous for his writings on; "Why God Became Man", his "satisfaction" theory of the atonement, and the "ontological argument." (His satisfaction theory effectively refuted early medieval notions of the devil's "rights" over fallen humankind. The satisfaction theory shaped nearly all Catholic and Protestant thought on redemptive theology, and is still prevalent at the date of this paper. (Evangelical dictionary of theology)). Anselm attempted to prove the existence of God via a much-debated theory known as the "ontological argument", which will be considered in further detail below."
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