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Globalization and the WTO, 2004.
A look at the issue of globalization and its impact on the international economy.
2,409 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper deals with the issues of globalization and its impact on the world economics. The paper also examines the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO), with regards to the liberation of the domestic economy of a country.
Contents:
Introduction
World Trade Organization
The pressures of globalization
International Political Economy
From the Paper
"Total world trade in commodities, services, as well as intellectual assets stood at US $5 trillion in 1995, of which services and intellectual assets accounted for over $1 trillion. The WTO's regulations and ideology institute a set of regulations on the subject of the regulatory structure in which this substitute takes place. The WTO constructs upon the managerial formation that subsists under GATT backing as of the early 1990s. Subsequent to its formation in 1947, the GATT increasingly developed into a structure of great complication. Its contact extended progressively in reply to growths in the world economy and the well being of its participants."
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WTO and Global Trade, 2007.
An analysis of the views that support and are critical of global trade and the World Trade Organization.
972 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the free trade that it supports. The paper presents and discusses the debate over the WTO and free trade and presents the views of those who support it and are critical of it. It examines the fundamental inequality in global trade that is fostered by the WTO and suggests that global trade serves to support the wealth and power of a global economic elite.
From the Paper
"As this example suggests, while global trade and its associated wealth may be expanding rapidly - a process which the WTO seems to support - in many cases this expansion serves to promote inequality on a global scale instead of shared prosperity. When we consider that only 1/200th of the price of an average coffee beverage is actually paid to the original harvester of the crop, we can understand the extraordinary profits made at different middle stages of the trade before coffee is actually consumed in the wealthy markets of the world. The expanding and highly profitable global trade in coffee thus allows us to understand that while trade may expand and greater wealth is created as a result, this does not necessarily have to be equally or fairly distributed wealth. In fact, in many cases, global trade seems to support greater inequality."
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WTO in a Global Economy, 2006.
A thorough examination of the role of the World Trade Organization in a global economy.
5,432 words (approx. 21.7 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 133.95
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Abstract
This paper posits that the World Trade Organization (WTO) serves as an example of economic inequalities in the contemporary world. The WTO is an economic organization affecting all aspects of society and the world. It is however, hardly the democratic, transparent institution one would expect it to be. In fact, all rules of the organization are written only with inside corporations in mind. The paper examines the intricacies of the organization to understand why it does not really spread equality.
Outline
Global Economy and the United States.
Drugs in the United States
Mercantilism
Regime Theory
The Triffin Dilemma
From the Paper
"The WTO is further made undemocratic in terms of its dispute panels. These decide cases regarding domestic laws, which might be abolished as a result of being "barriers to trade". These panels comprise three trade bureaucrats, unscreened for conflict of interest. This has negative consequences for environmental and social issues. This includes labor. Countries that actively enforce labor rights are for example disadvantaged, because it is the claim that labor standards are a "barrier to free trade" in terms of cheap labor."
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China's Entry into WTO and Global Sourcing, 2002.
A study of the entrance of China to the World Trade Organization (WTO).
1,240 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how China officially joined the World Trade Organization last year after a long series of negotiations. It looks at the entry of China into this world body and how it aroused mixed emotions among business analysts in the United States. Proponents feel that it will help Chinese economy and make its industries more competitive, while opponents are of the view that United States employment rate will be badly hurt by China?s accession to WTO. The author writes that China will certainly stand to benefit from increased trend towards global sourcing and the paper studies China?s entry with reference to this particular issue.
From the Paper
"China today enjoys a prominent position in the world because it is one of the fastest growing markets and this makes it the center of attention for the global businesses. The country has been introducing trade reforms since a long time now and in its attempt to become a major part of the world community, it offered to join World Trade Organization, which already has 142 members. But accession has not been a smooth journey for China because it was after almost 15 years that it was finally granted entry into this trade body.
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Economic Trade Policy and Globalization, 2007.
A review of the arguments for and against the World Trade Organization (WTO) and global trade.
1,091 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper presents and discusses the arguments for and against the World Trade Organization (WTO) and global trade. It argues that a synthesis approach represents the most realistic and accurate assessment of these issues. The paper suggests that while the operations of the WTO and global trade clearly serve the interests of powerful transnationals in the global marketplace, they also clearly create prosperity and opportunity for millions in less developed countries.
From the Paper
"In this analysis, the evidence is undeniable that international trade and globalization contribute to shared prosperity in many cases; the existence of the Asian "Tigers" is clear proof of this. The case of environmental protection is mixed in this regard, as there does not seem to be any clear correlation between closed and open economies and environmental damage; there are cases of great damage in both examples. However, it is also clear that the WTO does not seem to be supporting the interests of global economic equality in promoting freer trade. Instead, as we have seen, there is compelling evidence that it is, in fact, supporting the interests of powerful corporations even against the expressed interests of western nation-states. Thus, the most accurate conclusion would be that while the WTO and global trade have created shared prosperity for many, they have also reinforced a structural system of global inequality supporting dominance by transnational corporations."
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The World Trade Organization and Globalization, 2006.
A look at the World Trade Organization and whether it is tool for promoting global equity or global inequity.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The World Trade Organization or WTO is a relatively new body created in 1995 and one which its founders probably never expected to create the massive controversy that it has generated. It has come to represent globalization, and how one views it tends to reflect how one views the massive corporate expansion of the last few decades. This paper examines the WTO and considers whether it is really a tool working towards world harmony and trade accords that promote global equity or if it is just another example of consolidation of power by global elites to the exclusion of the poor majority.
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Globalization, 2005.
This paper discuses globalization as neo-colonialism or as a politically correct term for imperialism.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that colonialism had to end because it was too openly exploitative; globalization emerged as a means to achieve what imperialism had done, but in a politically correct and legitimate manner, such as through GATT and WTO. The author points out that globalization has led to Southern financial dependence on the North by indebtedness to Western/Northern international banks, a situation of unfair competition, increased poverty, and greater debt; the gap between the two has increased tremendously. This paper states that southern countries ultimately participated in their own oppression by signing trade treaties and participating in the creation of the WTO; Third World countries must find the means to regain sovereignty or rebel against their political economic oppression.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Defining Globalization
The Myths of Colonialism and Globalization
Multinational Corporations as Engines of Globalization/Imperialism
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Far from being motivating by concern for the welfare of the South or out of a moral sense of responsibility, both Marx and Lenin present imperialism as having been the natural outcome of capitalism. Through a review of their argument, it will be seen that despite the tendency to one-sided views of capitalism as the greatest evil, they do provide a framework for understanding globalization as another natural outcome of capitalism, or a veiled form of imperialism.organizations, the emergence of the transnational corporations, and multilateral, regional and international trade treaties. In Samir Amin's opinion, globalization was the internationalization of the capitalist economic system. It is characterized by the increasing power of global financial institutions, intensified trade, political economic treaties, the international flow of finance capital, and the multinational firm, all of which have severely influenced the political economy of the Third World."
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Defining Globalization, 2005.
Examines challenges in defining the concept of globalization and its underlying assumptions.
3,084 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that globalization is neo-colonialism or a politically correct term for imperialism. The institutions of globalization and its engines, MNCs, and international financial institutes, do promote the oppression and exploitation of the South by the North. However, the paper argues that these countries ultimately participated in their own oppression. They signed the trade treaties, and they participated in the creation of the WTO. To be realistic, it is important to realize that globalization, at least for now, is here to stay. The paper shows, therefore, that it is up to the Third World countries to find the ways and means by which to regain sovereignty or to rebel against their political economic oppression.
From the Paper
"Even though the exploitative nature of MNC operations appears quite clear, not all political economists accept that MNCs do have such power and authority over host economies so as to function as engines of neo-imperialism. Robert Gilpin, for example, argues the issue of MNCs from a statist point of view, claiming that while they may be extremely powerful, they are ultimately less powerful than political systems. In fact, Gilpin states that multinational corporations are shaped by, and do not shape, state politics. This may have been true for a limited time in the sense that it was the political and economic climate of certain countries that gave birth to multinational corporations but, with the growing economic power of MNCs, the relationship changed. It is inarguable that MNCs abuse host economies and exploit the local people and natural resources due to the fact that they have become more powerful than many of the countries they operate in."
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Canada and Globalization, 2008.
Looks at foreign investment in Canadian industries under the constrains of World Trade Organization (WTO) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) agreements.
3,240 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the interests and vantage points of governments and corporations tend to differ on questions of foreign takeovers and investments. The paper then points out that Canada's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements enables involvement in a globalized economy under new international rules. The author underscores the importance of public interest groups given the neo-liberal economic shifts of the government, including the radical departure of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) agreement. The paper argues that restrictions must be demanded that will regain Canadian economic sovereignty by better regulating foreign investment.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Public Interest Groups and NAFTA
From the Paper
"Critics of international trade agreements sometimes refer to their influence in weakening understandings of sovereignty. An example of this is found in differing conceptions of Canadian Arctic sovereignty, the Americans interested in future navigation through the Northwest Passage enabled by global warming, claiming that the Passage is an international strait, the Stephen Harper government reiterating that it is indisputably Canadian and that proposed sea traffic is an infringement and a pronounced environmental risk."
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Economic Globalization, 2002.
A discussion of the benefits of foreign trade.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Discusses benefits of foreign trade. Defines globalization as the continuous increase in transnational flow of commodities, services, production elements and information. Emergence of economic globalization in the 1980s and its growth into the mainstream of world economic development. Diminishment of international trade barriers. Regional economic development and impact of Chinese entry into WTO.
From the Paper
"The Process of Economic Globalization
Introduction:
Countries do not compete economically, they trade. Both the importing country and the exporting country benefit from trade, both are better off because of trade. Individual firms may be put at a disadvantage, but other firms and consumers come out ahead. The overall result is as a rule, positive for both trading nations (Hirst, Thompson, 1996, p. 12).
With foreign trade, a nation's standard of living will be determined by the combined effect of domestic purchasing power over home produced goods (as determined by domestic productivity growth) and over imported goods (as determined by changes in the terms of trade). But, the size of the trade effect on living standards depends not only on the magnitude of the change in the terms of trade..."
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WTO Trade, 2007.
A review of the debate over the outcome of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and global trade on developing nations.
839 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses two distinct views of the World Trade Organization(WTO) and global trade. The paper first discusses the argument that global trade is the means by which developing nations have the opportunity to create functioning economies that will result in higher standards of living. It then looks at the argument that the repercussions of prosperity have maintained inequality and developing nations continue to serve the interests of the large and powerful nations. The paper looks briefly at the coffee industry to help illustrate these views. The paper is written in the narrative form and presents the writer's opinion on the issues.
From the Paper
"Phillippe Legrain's argument divides the issue of global trade into contradictory positions; either you support the WTO and helping poor nations develop or you do not and public demonstrations are in his opinion, an indication of questionable agendas. However, this is too simplistic, there is more to trade as is indicated by Legrain's statement that countries are given the opportunity to raise their citizenry out of poverty or protect their natural resources and air quality (8). Working for slave wages in the coffee fields is still no way to live and it behooves a civilized society to demand fair trade even if it costs us a few dollars more ("Blackcoffee")."
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The Global South, 2005.
This paper discusses and questions Antony Anghie's argument about imperialism today.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
The paper presents Antony Anghie's argument that there exists a historical continuity from the colonialist imperialist period through the European mandates of the League of Nations. This leads to the current disciplinary neoliberal globalization dominated by the WTO, World Bank and IMF in which the Global South has been the victim. The paper considers that this is an apparently clear and simple argument. However, this essay argues with reference to other critiques of the global political economic system in the past and also contends that the complexity of this continuum of hegemony theorized by Anghie is extraordinary, given its capacity to dominate and exploit over decades of time.
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WTO Agricultural Negotiation, 2004.
This paper discusses the agricultural negotiations of the World Trade Organization (WTO), an independent international organization, which establishes and maintains rules governing global trade.
2,440 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Doha Round held in 2001 was a once-in-a-generation chance to change the rules that govern international agricultural trade so that both consumers and producers in both developed and developing countries would benefit. The author points out that the WTO agriculture negotiation has been viewed by many as an imbalanced instrument because it gives special and differential treatment to developed countries by strongly protecting them, while putting pressure on developing countries to liberalize more. The paper includes the '12 steps' program that is recommended for global human rights and food security.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The issues slated for discussion in Cancun centered on agriculture?s three pillars previously mentioned. The Ministerial also had to discuss services; market access for industrial goods; the implementation of the Uruguay Round and special and differential treatment; geographical indications; investment, competition, government procurement and trade facilitation; environment; trade rules; and dispute settlement. The overall objective was defined as the narrowing down the gap between rich and poor countries."
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Impact of China's Entry into the WTO, 2002.
The potential effects on the global economy of China's joining the WTO.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
China officially joined the World Trade Organization last year after a long series of negotiations. The entry of China into this world body has aroused mixed emotions among business analysts in the United States. Proponents feel that it will help Chinese economy and make its industries more competitive, while opponents are of the view that United States employment rate will be badly hurt by China?s accession to WTO. China will certainly stand to benefit from increased trend towards global sourcing and the paper studies China?s entry with reference to this particular issue.
From the Paper
"China today enjoys a prominent position in the world because it is one of the fastest growing markets and this makes it the center of attention for the global businesses. The country has been introducing trade reforms since a long time now and in its attempt to become a major part of the world community, it offered to join World Trade Organization, which already has 142 members. But accession has not been a smooth journey for China because it was after almost 15 years that it was finally granted entry into this trade body. But it is felt that with the entry of China, things are going to change dramatically for businesses in Asia Pacific region and also for those firms that are on the look out for global emerging markets. In the past few years globalization has been the major trend for all large businesses especially the ones in the United States. The American corporate world has been engaged in global sourcing for sometime and with the entry of China in WTO, it is almost certain that these firms would find a wider market and sourcing would increase rapidly with China opening its doors to businesses around the world. "
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China and the WTO, 2002.
This paper discusses China?s inception into the World Trade Organization (WTO) and addresses the question of whether or not China's markets have expanded since its entry.
7,925 words (approx. 31.7 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 171.95
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Abstract
On December 11, 2001, China officially became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), opening the country?s doors to change and a new economy. This paper looks at the long journey it took in order to achieve this goal and the future prospects of such a step. The paper begins with an historical overview of China's economic structure and how this culminated into a decision to enter the WTO. It discusses the obstacles that China experienced in joining the WTO and the cost of the membership. It provides a table of China's commitments to the WTO and looks at what they expect to get in return. The economic impact of such a move is discussed and how this has influenced China's market structure and financial market reform.
Introduction
History of China?s Economic Structure
The Decision to Enter the WTO
Obstacles in Joining the WTO
The Cost of WTO Membership
China's Key Commitments to the WTO
What China Gets in Return
Economic Impact on China
China?s Commitments
Foreign Investments
Changes Made and Lessons Learned
China?s Market Structure
Financial Market Reform
Trade and Foreign Direct Investment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"On December 11, 2001, China officially became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), opening the country?s doors to change and a new economy. One year after China?s entry into the WTO, the country reported great success, showing better-than-expected economic growth and fulfillment of its WTO commitments, despite its shaky world economy. The excellent performance of the Chinese economy was clearly demonstrated by its eight percent growth rate in gross domestic product, as well as the significant growth in trade and inflow of foreign direct investment. As a result of its inception into the WTO, financial experts forecast that China will become the fifth trading country with an import-export volume worth US$600 billion and one of the most attractive areas for foreign direct investment, which exceeded US$50 billion in 2002 alone."
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