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Global Outsourcing, 2006.
This well-researched paper analyzes the manner in which the changing global economy has increased the demand for the outsourcing of low cost labor.
2,734 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the economic motives to the passage of free trade agreements in which trade barriers have been reduced and the demand for low wage labor has increased. As a result, many domestic jobs have been sent overseas while American workers have been displaced. This paper delves into both sides of the labor dispute in which workers argue that the practice of outsourcing is unethical while companies claim the practice is both economical and vital to compete in the global market. This paper examines various solutions to solve the ongoing conflict including implementing a reform system offered by Senator Kerry and detailed in this report. This paper also contains a chart which compares the labor wages in India and America.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Story of a Displaced Worker
American Companies that Use Overseas Labor
The Growth of Free Trade and the Affects on Domestic Employment
The Economic Impact of Global Outsourcing
The Practicalities of Outsourcing to Positions Overseas
How Global Outsourcing Affects Various Parties
Societal Impact
Proposed Solutions
References
From the Paper
"Foreign workers benefit from global outsourcing because they enjoy economic prosperity. For example, since Indian firms only interview at the top 40 universities, a 2003 report by the Indian Technology Trade Association predicted falling demand for professional services by as many as 235,000. However, global outsourcing contracts from companies like the United States have led to the mass hiring of recent Indian college graduates. Their salary is twenty to thirty percent higher than prevailing wages. Such industries that have grown tremendously over the years include: intellectual technology, research and development, telecom, banking, diagnostic, pharmaceuticals, and automotive. Since more disposable income has been created, retail has also grown tremendously. Retail stores such as Tommy Hilfiger and Wal-Mart are expected to open a number of chains within the next several years. These stores will employ more Indians and increase consumer spending."
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Globalization, Integration & Outsourcing, 2005.
A review of globalization as an economic model, financial integration and the benefits and downfalls of outsourcing on the economy.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 10 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the spread and effect of globalization as a world economic model to facilitate commerce and financial integration. Additionally, the ill-effects of globalization are examined, such as outsourcing, which entails the migration of operations overseas to foreign borders. Outsourcing is particular savage for advanced economies such as the United States where first the manufacturing and production jobs migrate only to be replaced later by service and technology positions later.
From the Paper
"Globalization is the economic catchphrase of the 21st century. People use it to explain many things but when asked to define it, the term often defies explanation. One source defines globalization as: The integration of the world's culture, economy, and infrastructure driven by the lowering of political barriers to transnational trade and investment, and by the rapid proliferation of communication and information technologies. The term is often used in reference to the substantial impact of free-market forces on local, regional and national economies. (Globalization, Commanding... 1) The key points in the given definition would seem to be culture, economy, and infrastructure, since globalization is often blamed or praised for phenomena within each of these areas. Culture, because globalization tends to blur delineations between them; economy because globalization appears to benefit the more efficient economies; and infrastructure because the mechanisms of communication, transportation, and knowledge transfer facilitate it."
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Global Outsourcing Benefits Everyone, 2005.
Argues that outsourcing on a global scale is beneficial to everyone, although precautions should be taken.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that when companies in wealthy countries take advantage of the lower cost of labor in poorer countries, everyone benefits. Such outsourcing increases jobs in the poorer countries, focuses the resources of rich countries on more profitable industries, and enhances the spending power of everyone's income by producing goods and services at a lower cost.
From the Paper
"Changes in industry that leave people jobless have never been popular. From an individual's standpoint the cost savings that result from outsourcing American jobs to countries where the cost of labor is lower ..."
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Outsourcing and the Global Economy, 2000.
This paper argues against outsourcing and considers it is a determent to the global economy.
1,970 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, although free trade as represented in the outsourcing question is by nature emotional, the truth is the artificial barrier to trade in labor is counterproductive in many senses because it keep prices high for consumers, wastes resources and perhaps stifles innovation. The author points out that outsourcing American jobs is a necessary component of inevitable economic free trade. The paper contends that many people feel that globalization, which is Adam Smith's "invisible hand" at work on a global scale, is inevitable regardless of its intentions.
Table of Contents
Introduction
American Popular Attitudes toward Globalization
Must the United States Participate in Free Trade?
The "Invisible Hand" in the Globalized World
Outsourcing: A Necessary Component of the Global Economy?
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Consider, for example, that many generations of dairy farmers may have stayed on the family farm, raising cow after cow even if no one needed the milk. Further consider the possibility that those farmers may have better used their time to learn an "in demand" skill, or that even their land and financial resources could have helped to meet a real market demand in another area. By not offering an artificial incentive to stay in business (the subsidy), product would not have been over-produced and wasted (perhaps an environmental impact), new and in-demand skills would have been acquired, real demands would have been met, and the price for those demands would have fallen (helping the consumer). Thus, by removing the artificial barrier to real and free trade (perhaps influenced by political pressure), economic well-being is ensured for all parties."
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Outsourcing, 2004.
An analysis of the management strategy of global outsourcing.
1,022 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses global outsourcing, which is the strategic use of outside resources to perform activities that are traditionally handled by internal staff and resources. It is explained as a management strategy by which an organization delegates major, non-core functions to specialized and efficient service providers. The paper explores the considerable debate over the impact of international trade and outsourcing on income inequality in the United States and Europe. The paper contends that, because of the notion of comparative advantage, outsourcing is expected to improve economic efficiency and raise aggregate welfare in all countries.
From the Paper
"Global outsourcing is the strategic use of outside resources to perform activities that are traditionally handled by internal staff and resources. It is a management strategy by which an organization delegates major, non-core functions to specialized and efficient service providers, or as Corbett, a leading consultant on global outsourcing asserts, "outsourcing is nothing less than the wholesale restructuring of the corporation around core competencies and outside relationships" (Corbett, 1999). The traditional global outsourcing emphasis on tactical benefits like cost reduction - cheaper labor cost in low-cost countries - have more recently been replaced by productivity, flexibility, speed and innovation in developing business applications, and access to new technologies and skills (Wild et al., 1999)."
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Outsourcing of Jobs in the United States, 2006.
A review of the affect of global outsourcing on the US workforce.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how in recent years the business practice of outsourcing jobs has been considered both a blessing for American business and a concern for the American worker. Outsourcing for business appeared to be the answer to globalization and the ability of American business to remain competitive in the marketplace. The paper further discusses how outsourcing also led many American workers to suddenly find themselves unemployed, especially in the area of manufacturing. Supporters of these two sides to the issue have continued to argue the merits and harm that is evident in outsourcing, as the practice grows across the globe. It is evident, however, that in a modern society in which globalization is a reality of business, outsourcing will remain a factor that affects all American lives.
From the Paper
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Outsourcing, 2005.
A discussion about whether global outsourcing of human resources is good for both countries involved.
2,242 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
Outsourcing of production and service activities from more industrialized and developed countries of the world to the less developed and developing countries of the world is gaining widespread attention. This paper discusses the various benefits and disadvantages of outsourcing on a global level and explains that free trade and globalization might eventually create a global society where standard of living is more equalized and markets are no longer defined by geographical boundaries.
From the Paper
"In a global economy there is an increasing trend of companies looking for cheaper and more effective ways of managing operational costs. The consequence of this strategy has an eventual bearing on final profits that can be generated by an organization. Scottish economist Adam Smith, as far back as the 18th century, first proposed the concepts of free trade. He propounded on the benefits that could be engendered by harnessing the best competitive advantage of any market. A number of variables had to coexist however to make this concept a reality."
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IT Outsourcing, 2007.
A discussion of the advantages of outsourcing in information technology.
4,798 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 35 sources, APA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the benefits of companies outsourcing projects, especially in the area of information technology. Outsourcing is defined and reasons are given why a company may decide to use outside contractors over in-house employees. Various countries that have profited from outsourcing are listed, followed by a discussion of how outsourced jobs may affect the US economy. Globalization as it relates to outsourcing is analyzed. Next, the paper devotes a large section to IT outsourcing, which includes a list of the benefits of this way of doing business. The paper concludes by acknowledging the role of management in making an outsourcing project successful.
Outline:
Introduction
Outsourcing defined
Outsourcing in Developing Countries: the Aftermath of Globalization
Table 1. The Role Played by the Developing Countries in Trade and Capital Flows
Table 2. Regional perspective on the Effects of Globalization.
Table 3. The Effects of Globalization in Selected Countries
Global IT Outsourcing
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are many reasons why outsourcing or contracting out work is more preferred rather than developing in-house talents. First, it is seen as more cost-effective (Domberger, 1998)-for example, a contracted personnel from other countries require only smaller salary because of the certain standardized salary scheme within the country; second, to cut cost and refocus resources (Holt, Kennedy, Rehg & Ward, 2002) . A large company with numerous personnel with no specific work is the same with a company with smaller personnel but with specified work. This was done through outsourcing of different functions from different sources. And third, lower investment in internal infrastructure (Reaser, 1996), it will be built instead to the outsourced country. "
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Outsourcing-The Problems and Solution, 2008.
A discussion on the effects that outsourcing has on globalization, labor and salaries.
890 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper inquires whether outsourcing and off-shoring does in fact lower salaries in the countries that utilize it, in order to decrease production costs. The paper then analyzes this question and diagrammatically presents the solution and explains the demand and supply labor versus the remuneration concept, relative to this subject. The paper also explains the resultant outcome of outsourcing and how it affects salaries. The paper concludes that globalization encourages people to seek areas of employment internationally where one can expect higher remuneration.
Outline:
Introduction
Economic logic of outsourcing
How are wages affected?
The logic of globalisation
The effect of outsourcing and off shoring on wages
From the Paper
"Globalization changes its dynamic from an economic issue to a social issue by embracing a framework that identifies that international labor mobility is an important aspect of globalization. The movement of people is still a very questionable aspect of globalization, since there are many questions in relation tow hat would be a realistic multilateral system for coordinating and managing migration? What kind of regional and international cooperation is needed to respond to emigration pressures in many low and medium income countries? In addition to the existing international standards on migration, what other measures could be taken at the national, regional, and international levels to better protect migrants?"
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Outsourcing and Off-shoring, 2007.
This paper discusses the mechanisms of outsourcing and off-shoring, with reference to Armstrong Holdings.
1,121 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that Armstrong Holdings could not remain competitive for very long if it did not offshore some or all of its manufacturing. The paper then also points out the risks involved with such a strategy and warns that Armstrong must be diligent in not exporting proprietary knowledge or techniques or it risks being undermined by foreign competitors who acquire its intelligence.
Outline:
Overview
Offshoring/Outsourcing & Globalization
Effects of Global Outsourcing & Off-shoring
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Outsourcing, and its sister strategy of off-shoring, are by-products of globalization and the U.S. market has been deeply impacted by globalization. Armstrong Holdings (Armstrong) itself utilizes offshoring strategies since it has long maintained a manufacturing facility in Mexico. The U.S. economy has been one of the global economy's hardest hit by some of the side-effects of globalization: outsourcing and off-shoring. Outsourcing or the contracting out of functions previously handled in-house, and off-shoring, which is the use of overseas firms to provide a product or service previously handled nationally, both contribute to shrinkage of jobs and manufacturing (Globalization, 2005, p.1). Armstrong, in order to maintain its competitive edge, like most other companies availing themselves of these strategies, is merely taking advantage of a market strategy."
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Outsourcing, 2004.
An analysis of outsourcing and human capital in the global workplace.
3,959 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
An overview of the social, cultural, and political factors that have influenced positive and negative perspectives regarding outsourcing. The paper shows the human cost of sending a person's job overseas in order to save a few bucks.
Contents
Globalization and Multi-National Corporations
Outsourcing Markets
Politics
Resources
From the Paper
"Advances in computer technology over the course of the past few decades have enabled many new conceptual approaches to organizational efficiency. Growth in the field of Information Technologies, (IT) has contributed greatly to conceptualizing new organizational models through assessment of statistical data collections regarding both highly successful and ineffective organizations. It is important also to note that IT has allowed for the collection and distribution of organizational data and information on a global scale. Cross cultural comparisons reveal various levels of humanist quality and have undoubtedly influenced new conceptual approaches to organizational efficiency. Knowledge Management (KM) and Human Performance Improvement (HPI) reflect two conceptual approaches that illustrate humanistic emphasis."
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Outsourcing, 2007.
This paper is a complete quantitative research project, with an extensive literature review, that explores the impact of outsourcing on the American worker and the American economy.
19,940 words (approx. 79.8 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the study investigates the impact of outsourcing specifically on white collar workers in the high-tech industry, who are increasingly becoming more affected by the phenomenon of offshore outsourcing. The author reports that the methodology for the study was a questionnaire, using a 7 point Likert scale, which was sent to 65 randomly selected computer programmers employed in the U.S. at Microsoft, Cisco and Apple. The paper indicated that the quantitative research and the literature review conclude that outsourcing is a serious issue, which impacts American workers and the American economy; however, it is clear that the practice of outsourcing is here to stay. The paper includes the questionnaire and many quotations, tables, figures and graphs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Context of the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Limitations of the Study
Review of the Literature
Globalization
Politics of Offshore Outsourcing
Trends in Offshore Outsourcing
Most Popular Countries for Offshore Outsourcing
Impact of Offshore Outsourcing on the American Worker
Impact of Offshore Outsourcing on White-Collar American Workers
The Impact of Outsourcing on the American Economy
Security and Cultural Barriers Associated with Offshore Outsourcing
The Future of offshore Outsourcing
Methodology
Methodology Overview
Methodology Survey
Subject Population
Data Collection
Organization of the Study
Results
Discussion, Conclusion, Implications
Appendix
Survey
Letter Sent to the Appropriate Managerial Personnel
Low Labor Cost Chart
Number of U.S. Service Sector Jobs Projected to Shift Offshore
Share of Projected American Jobs Moving Offshore
Workers Displaced From and Reemployed in Full-Time Wage and Salary Jobs
Hourly Compensation Costs
Hourly Compensation Costs for Production Workers
Employment Cost Index
Employer Cost for Employee Compensation
From the Paper
"The literature review asserts that a great deal of the focus on outsourcing began as a purely political issue. The literature review indicates that politicians used the slowdown in the labor market, to assert that the cause of the slowdown was offshore outsourcing. The literature review also found that many major media outlets had many reports on the topic of outsourcing, which may have distorted the true facts concerning the nature of outsourcing on workers and the economy. On the other hand, many years after that election, offshore outsourcing seems to be an issue for many American workers."
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IT - Outsourcing Yes or No?, 2008.
An examination of the pros and cons of IT outsourcing.
1,499 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the determination, risks, benefits, costs and implications of IT Outsourcing. The paper explains that outsourcing is an arrangement in which one company provides services for another company that could also be or usually have been provided in-house. The paper looks at the various aspects of an IT service and how outsourcing and IT affect each other. The writer believes that only time will tell if outsourcing of the IT technology will be tomorrow's future or simply a temporary bubble in the industrial revolution.
Outline:
Introduction of Outsourcing IT
Determining if Outsourcing is Right for IT
Determining the Risks of Outsourcing IT
Determining the Benefits of Outsourcing IT
Determining the Overhead of Outsourcing IT
Determining if Outsourcing IT was the Correct Choice
From the Paper
"The 1990's opened up advancements in technology which became both a blessing for some companies but at the same time became an increasing challenge to keep up with the requirements to electronically link the suppliers and the customers. Businesses became faced with the challenges of re-engineering, downsizing, outsourcing, and restructuring in order to remain flexible and reactive. In the article "Just in Time for the Holidays" McNulty, E (2005 December) it was pointed out that Santa should stop thinking of himself as a victim of demand uncertainty. He needs to stop reacting to fads and start creating them." In this particular case the problem was reacting to the changing needs of the kids, in this case the changing requirements of the IT environment may be the same fad."
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Outsourcing - Ethical Dilemma, 2005.
This paper examines the phenomena of outsourcing from an employee and corporate perspective in an attempt to gain insight into the pros and cons of the outsourcing issue.
1,102 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The writer proposes that outsourcing is morally and ethically an objectionable practice, that results in little benefit to the company and much harm to the employees it affects. A formal review of the literature available with regard to outsourcing is analyzed, and the case against outsourcing is made. The paper shows how outsourcing impacts workers in a negative manner, goes against the moral and ethical standards inherent in business and proves that outsourcing will ultimately result in dissatisfaction for corporations in the long term.
Abstract
Introduction
Effects of Outsourcing
Right/Duties/Moral Obligations of Corporations
Conclusions
From the Paper
"From a moral and ethical standpoint, outsourcing is wrong and has negative consequences on both employees and the productivity and efficiency of corporations in the long term. From a practical standpoint, corporations that rush to outsource job functions realize few returns on their investment and few profit savings in the long term. The rush to outsource has left companies with little value and no tangible increases in productivity or delivery."
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Offshore Outsourcing, 2004.
An overview of the advantages and disadvantages of offshore outsourcing, with a focus on India.
4,930 words (approx. 19.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how outsourcing to India can be very lucrative due to significant cost savings and many other beneficial factors surrounding the Indian software market. It discusses offshore outsourcing through a review of the article, "Inside Outsourcing in India", by Stephanie Overby. It examines how, in the article, two experienced entrepreneurs share their lessons and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Indian outsourcing. This paper also explores the history and future of offshore outsourcing, as well as how to successfully plan, implement, and manage such a relationship.
Outline
Executive Summary
Introduction
History
Advantages of Offshore Outsourcing
Disadvantages of Offshore Outsourcing
Planning the Outsourcing Relationship
Implementing the Outsourcing Relationship
Managing in an Outsourcing Relationship
Current Affairs
Future
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"It is important to remember that outsourcing does not shift all responsibilities to service organizations. When stockholders, government agencies, customers and vendors demand answers to key questions, you can bet that they will not stop with the outsource service organization. In fact, most legal and fiduciary responsibilities cannot be shifted at all. The bottom line is this, when there is a serious problem, key questions to be answered, or operational shortfalls, the responsibility resides with management and not the service organization."
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