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Global Economy and Income Distribution, 1999.
Evolution of global economy and financial institutions and their successes and failures in distributing income between creditor and debtor nations and between social classes in Latin America.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 12 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"This research will examine the successes and failures of the expansion of the global economy at income distribution between creditor and debtor nations and between social classes in Latin America. The origins of the "global economy" will be discussed and its eventual transformation from a purely liberal perspective to today's neoliberal perspective will be charted. Finally, the current impact of the neoliberal global economy on income distribution in Latin America will be assessed.
The expansion of the global economy--especially as guided by the neoliberal perspectives of the creditor countries and the International Monetary Fund--has had a dramatic, albeit less than successful, impact on economic growth in Latin American countries. The philosophy of creditor countries to promote economic growth in Latin America and elsewhere in the Third World..."
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Income Distribution and Public Policy, 1991.
This paper compares liberal, conservative and radical views regarding income distribution and public policy: Demographics of poverty and social and political aspects.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Income distribution refers to the proportional share of economic benefits received by the different segments comprising an economy. The definition of segments tends to shift, based on the perspective of the examination, and the composition of segments overlap as the perspective changes. Economists often distinguish between the owners of capital and labor in considerations of income distribution, while social activists are more apt to be concerned with the distribution of income between the wealthy and the poor (Nasar, 1986), white and nonwhite, and male and female, and tax planners are interested in income distribution according to population-income ... "
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Unequal Income Distribution, 2005.
An analysis of unequal income distribution in Canada and the reasons for the gaps.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 2 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether or not the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. The analysis examines the reasons for such a gap including provincial and federal taxation and ineffective approaches used to measure levels of poverty in Canada. The paper, however, does not take into consideration the socio-economic factors that affect poverty.
From the Paper
"Running head: Income Distribution Are the Rich Getting Richer and the Poor Getting Poorer Still Today? Are the Rich Getting Richer and the Poor Getting Poorer Still Today? Introduction Poverty does not discriminate. The poor can be found in every country around the world. The poorest of poor are typically found in underdeveloped countries, but this problem does not discriminate. Canada is a wealthy nation and one of the best countries to live and work in. Some Canadians believe that there are no poor people in Canada, none that are starving and dying like the images seen on the commercials for organizations such as World Vision and Foster Parent's Plan."
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Income Distribution in the United States, 2007.
This paper examines the distribution of income in the US from 1950 to the present.
1,687 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the increasing inequality in the distribution of income in the United States. According to the writer, this subject has been a subject of considerable public concern, political attention, and academic research. Income inequality is a measure of how equally the income pie is divided among all members of society. The paper details ways to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor in the U.S.A through radical changes with minimum wages, taxation methods and welfare programs.
Outline:
Summary Introduction
Unequal Income Distribution in USA
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In recent years, increasing inequality in the distribution of income has been a subject of considerable public concern, political attention, and academic research. Income inequality is a measure of how equally the income pie is divided among all members of society. The relative income, or gauge, can be defined how well the poor are doing economically compared to the rich. In other words inequality is a measure of how equally the income pie is divided among all members of society. "
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Taxation and Income Distribution, 2003.
Discusses the relationship between the two.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 12 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Examines taxation theory, policies, and objectives, including income distribution. Discusses different segments comprising an economy and the social activist context of income distribution. Focuses on wealthy-poor matrix and direct effects.
From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationships between taxation and income distribution. There exist strong interrelationships among taxation theories, models of taxation, and taxation ..."
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Income Distribution in India, 1999.
Examines statistics, causes of differences, class, population quintiles, economic policy, trade, child labor and politics. Includes tables.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 16 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA: AN ANALYSIS
Introduction
This research examines income distribution in India. To the extent possible, income distribution is considered within the context of class differentials, wherein class is defined as low-, middle-, and high-income groups. For the greater part, however, income distribution is considered within the context of population quintiles, as it is in this form that the reliable data on income distribution of collected and published by organizations such as the World Bank. Factors that explain income distribution patterns in India also are addressed.
Income Distribution in India
India is a massive country with a huge population. Almost one-billion people (929.4 million in mid-1995) reside in a country.."
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Dual-income Families, 1995.
Discusses dual-income families as a reflection of socioeconomic changes, statistics and theories (general equilibrium, income distribution and international trade).
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 9 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"DUAL EARNER FAMILIES
Abstract
This research examined the phenomenon of the dual earner family in the United States. Changes in the patterns of dual earner families were addressed, and explanations of these changing patterns provided by economic theory were discussed.
A century ago, only five-percent of married woman participated in the labor market. In 1940, fewer than one married woman in seven was working outside the home, while 60 percent work outside the home in 1995. Only 17 percent of married couples are one-earner, with the rest having other or no earners. In the mid-1990s, the dual income family is more common than the traditional one-income married household where the husband works and the wife stays at home. In 1980, half of all married couples ..."
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Impediments to Health Care Access for Low Income Visible Minorities, 2002.
Identifies causal factors for the gap in health care access for lower-income Americans and visible minorities and the more affluent members of America's majority.
29,350 words (approx. 117.4 pages), 135 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
As the American population continues to become more diverse racially, members of visible minority groups within the population become more prominent. Simultaneously, with the increase in diversity, income distribution in the American economy has become more distorted. While economic growth in the United States has surged over the past decade, the income gap has widened; not only between the richest and poorest Americans, but also between moderate-income and low-income Americans. Members of visible minorities in the population tend to be represented disproportionately in the low-income and poverty classifications in the United States. While there is an abundance of implications of this state of affairs, one of the more crucial ones is access to health care. Individual and household financial capacity, the scarcity of employer-paid health insurance among small businesses, cultural differences based in social psychology and other factors frequently act as impediments to health care access for low-income individuals and households among visible minority population groups in the contemporary United States. This problem and these issues are investigated in this study. The study identifies causal factors for the gap in health care access between lower-income Americans and members of visible minorities in the United States, on the one hand, and more affluent Americans and members of the majority segment of the population, on the other hand. The initial chapter of this study delineates the problem investigated. Specific research questions are formulated and stated to provide greater focus for the investigation.
Social psychological theory and applied social psychology literature are reviewed in the second chapter. Literature relevant to the functioning of low-income and visible minority population groups in the United States within a social psychological context are reviewed in the third chapter. The fourth chapter is devoted to a review of literature relevant to both the health care system in the United States and the experiences of low-income and visible minority population groups in relation to health care access and health care delivery in the United States. An assessment of the problem investigated, performed within the structure of the research questions, is presented in the final (fifth) chapter. Conclusions drawn from the study findings are stated and recommendations for further research are made. The summary conclusions reached through the conduct of this study relate both to health care access and health care utilization by low-income persons and members of visible minorities. With respect to health care access, the summary conclusion reached is that a universal system of health care entitlement is required in the United States. In relation to health care utilization by low-income persons and members of visible minorities, the summary conclusion reached is that extensive education is required for both low-income persons and members of visible minorities, on the one hand, and health care providers, on the other hand. Low-income persons and members of visible minorities require education on the benefits and function of health care services, while health care providers require education in the social mores of the diverse populations they must serve.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Problem Delineation
Background on the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Review of Relevant Social Psychology Theory and Literature
Introduction
Sociological Theory and Health Care
The Welfare State
Accessing Contemporary Health Care
Role of Ethics in Accessing Health Care
Alternative Health Care Delivery Systems
Chapter Conclusions
Social Functioning of Low-Income and Visible Minority Population Groups
Introduction
HIV/AIDS Related Behavior
Initiatives to Improve Health Care
Access and Behaviors
The American Health Care System and the Experiences of Low-Income and Visible Minority Groups
Introduction
The American Health Care System
Analysis of Health Care Delivery Systems
Care Quality
Alternative Approaches to Health Care
Bioethical Issues
Problems of Accessibility
Initiatives to Improve Minority Access
Chapter Conclusions
Assessment of the Problem Discussion, Recommendations for Further Research
Appendices
Annotated Bibliography
From the Paper
"Social Cognitive Theory [self-efficacy] emphasizes the role of expectancies, self-efficacy, peer normative influences, and social competency skills as key components affecting adolescents? behaviors (DiClemente, Lodico, Grinstead, Harper, Rickman, Evans, & Coates, 1996). The applicability of models based on social psychological principles for understanding African-Americans? decision-making and sexual behavior has been questioned because most such models tend to be individually-focused and do not take into account the social context in which the behavior is embedded (Cochran & Mays, 1993). Social cognitive theory, however, explicitly integrates behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors as reciprocally interactive. Thus, given the hypothesized multi-factorial nature of sexual decision making and the potential impact of the high-risk social environment of the study population, approaches based on social cognitive theory are thought to be particularly relevant for understanding the myriad factors that may affect African-Americans? sexual behavior."
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New Economy, 2002.
A look at the emergence of the new hi-tech economy as compared to the old economy of manufacturing and production.
2,730 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the emergence of the so-called new economy - namely the IT boom and dot.com phenomenon seen in recent history. First, the paper explains what exactly defined this new economy and why it differed from the old, more stable and long-term economy. The paper then explores how this new economy effected global markets, individual business strategies and most importantly how it merged to work alongside the old economy, which continued to play a major role.
Contents:
Introduction
Definition of the New Economy
The New Economy and the World Economy
The New Economy and Business Strategy
Bringing the New Economy and the Old Economy Together
Changes Associated with E-Commerce
Outlook
Conclusion
From the Paper
"For some analysts, the term, "New Economy," refers to the plethora of "dot com" companies which have come into existence in just the past few years, created new millionaires from young entrepreneurs, and changed retailing as consumers comparison shop and browse from their homes and offices 24 hours a day, seven days a week. However, the ramifications of the New Economy move far beyond just using the Internet to reach catalog customers. Wilfred Corrigan, an executive in the semiconductor industry, notes that a primary difference between the Old Economy and the New Economy is the primary commodity which powers the two."
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New Economy, 2001.
Development of "dot.com" companies of late 1990s. Relation to world economy. Bankruptcy of dot.com companies. Relation to European Union & American economy. Need for New Economy to combine Old Economy factors for success.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 11 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"During the late 1990s, the term, "New Economy," began appearing in articles and news reports as analysts sought to describe transactions that were largely Internet-based, or at least transactions which did not require consumers entering a brick and mortar store. Articles were written about the young entrepreneurs who were rewriting business rules, about companies where Casual Friday evolved into Casual Everyday, and how the New Economy would radically change the entire business landscape. As 2000 draws to a close, however, it is becoming obvious that the Old Economy is not going to go away entirely. Many of the touted "dot com" companies have gone bankrupt as they were unable to produce that most traditional product of the Old Economy: profit. New Economy companies are finding that they must integrate Old Economy ..."
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The Economies of Nigeria and the United States.
A look at the growth and income distribution of Nigeria and the United States.
876 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at a number of economic indicators in order to compare the growth and income distribution of Nigeria since the 1960s with that of the United States for the same time period.
From the Paper
"Between fiscal year (FY) 1959 and 1967, GDP grew by 6.0 percent annually. According to statistics, GDP shrank at an annual rate of 1.1 percent between FY 1967 and FY 1970. However, this does not take into account political upheavals such as the secession of the Eastern Region in 1968 or the war that ended in 1970. It is thus highly likely that the decline in net domestic production is understated in the statistics, since annual measures of GDP do not reflect wartime capital destruction."
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America's New Economy, 2006.
This paper examines the new economy in the United States that is shifting towards a technology-based economy which is driven by information.
3,045 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the effects of globalization which has accelerated industrial and occupational restructuring, resulting in the decline of some industries and jobs and the growth of others. The writer of this paper also discusses the early stages of the new economy which has seen income growth increasingly tied to education and occupation. This paper goes on to explain that by increasing the education and skill levels of American workers it will foster reduced wage inequality and faster economic growth. This paper also delves into the industry of information technology and its enormous potential to increase efficiency and raise productivity which is a critical component of the new economy.
From the Paper
"Working with information is very different from working with the steel and glass. Information is easier to produce and harder to control than stuff you can drop on your foot. For a start, computers can copy it and ship it anywhere, almost instantly and almost for free. Production and distribution, the basis of industrial power, can increasingly be taken for granted. Innovation and marketing are all. By the New Economy, we mean two broad trends that have been under way for several years. The first is the globalization of business."
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Income Disparity Measurement, 2005.
This paper discusses the problems of measuring income disparity especially in the developing world.
5,390 words (approx. 21.6 pages), 23 sources, APA, $ 132.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that sociologists and politicians have become extremely worried about the growth in international and national income disparity especially in developing countries, which is considered to be the cause of political strife. The author stresses that calculating the level of income disparity in developed or under-developed societies is not easy; two different studies of one particular country, at the exact same time, can come to two different conclusions. The paper proposes a comparative analysis of the various structures and theories of income disparity measurements being utilized by the third world countries, which are comprehensive enough to accurately evaluate income disparities with all independent variable, such as color, gender, rural/urban, economical system and occupation. Tables and graphs.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Research Questions
General Questions
Specific Questions
Background of the Study
The Histories Context of Income Disparity:
Literature Review
A Brief Overview of the Income Disparity Measurement Methods Being Used
Critical Analysis of these Measurement Methods
Problems with the Use of these Methods within Countries
Ideas about the Gaps that Exist
What is Wrong with the Present Methods being Used?
Theoretical Framework
Summary of the Theoretical Framework
Hypothesis
General Questions
Specific Questions
Research Design
Operationalization Variables
Data Collected
Analysis Plan
Causal Diagram (Ordinary Least Squares Regression)
Conclusion
Table: World Population and Total poverty
Table: Education Spending in relation to the Total GDP and Total Expenditure of the Governments
Table: The Percentage of Income Sharing between the Richest and the Poorest
Table: Gender Related Income Distribution
Table: Occupation and Unemployment Rates
From the Paper
"A substitute structure of measurement frequently employed by the third world has been the use of per capita GNP facts and figures (GNP/c), however, the consideration of purchasing power parity (PPP) has been made and changes have been made accordingly. The changes made in this system compare the local prices of products, merchandise and services of that particular country with the international prices of the same commodities. By utilizing the identical comparative prices for each and every product and services, the researchers evaluated the income measurements that had been changed for purchasing power parity (PPP). The results of the measurements model that considers the purchasing power parity (PPP) and changes the GNP/c accordingly is different from the model that disregards the changes."
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The American Economy:Past, Present and Future, 2006.
An overview of America's economy in the past, how it evolved into the economy of today and what the future holds for the American economy.
1,899 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly describes the beginnings of the American economy, explaining that it has almost always been based on big business, and then takes a look at the evolution of the American economy in more recent times. The paper discusses the development of micro and macroeconomics and its influence on the American economy as well as the influence of Japan's economic strength and the role of financial institutions in America. The paper also discusses the general state of the American economy today and what the future holds for the economy, explaining that while there is no guarantee, America's economy in the future looks strong.
From the Paper
"It is an arguable fact that the initial American economy was built by outsiders....The Irish built the canals and tall new buildings and roads. The Chinese helped build transcontinental railroads. But, without entrepreneurs, some legitimate, some not, all this labor would have gone to waste. There were no true business giants in the rest of the world to compare with the Rockefellers, Morgans, Carnegies and Fords. Yet, the pioneers who settled this country now sat back and let hired imported cheap labor do much of the work. The American economy, as the 20th Century began, created an ever-widening gulf between the Have's and the Have-Nots. There was little sympathy for Communism as the voice of exploited workers. People like Eugene V. Debs and Norman Thomas developed Socialist political parties, but the were a distinct minority. Unions, on the other hand, began to flourish, and with them came the strong and powerful union leadership which, after World War II deteriorated into the same greedy, power-mad elite that they had organized to fight."
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Income Differences in Canada, 2002.
Explores the reasons for the existence of individual income differences in the Canadian workforce.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 1 source, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the roots of income differences in the distribution of income among individuals in Canada. Comparative wage differential theory is largely dismissed and although flawed, human capital resource theory is advantageously employed. Finally, the origins and importance of regional income differentials is explored.
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