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Gender and International Relations, 2002.
A look at the impact of the construction of gender on international relations.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the question of gender in international relations. How does gender, as a social construction, change our ideas of what is important in international relations? The paper draws on prominent feminist scholarship in this area to explain first why gender matters in general, and how it is a societal construct. It then explains a number of different feminisms, and their different critiques of international relations as it is presently conducted.
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Construction of Gender Relations, 2003.
A discussion on why gender relations are fundamental to any understanding of family life.
1,960 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the theoretical assumptions underlying psychoanalysis and social psychology and how these approaches attempt to explain the concept of gender, particularly within the context of 'the family'. It provides both an overview of these approaches together with critiques of their respective strengths and weaknesses.
From the Paper
"Feminist object relations theory postulates that early interpersonal interactions within the family lay the foundations for the development of the mind, and hence individual identity, which then becomes the basis for later relations with others. In contrast to Freudian psychoanalysis, which emphasises the importance of the father, advocates of this approach argue that it is mothers, as the primary caregivers, and with whom children spend most of their time, that are the formative influence for both boys? and girls? sense of gender identity. Chodorow (1978, 1989) suggests that although the sex of the child is biologically determined, the forms that masculinity and femininity take are social constructions, born out of the mother/infant dyad, which itself reflects the sexual division of labour within society."
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Harlem Renaissance and Gender Relations, 2002.
Looks at the relationships between men and women in two of Zora Neale Hurston's short stories ? ?Sweat? and ?The Gilded Six-Bits?.
3,725 words (approx. 14.9 pages), 11 sources, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the works of Zora Neale Hurston, who wrote about the relations between men and women and how they interact. The writer describes these relations from a certain point of view that takes black American circumstances into consideration and writes at the time of the Harlem renaissance, which effected so many black Americans and changed gender relations in black culture forever.
From the Paper
"One of the qualities that grants to Zora Neale Hurston?s work such an enduring quality and such a wide audience is the skill that she brings to her discussions and elucidation of the ways men and women interact with each other. Although in many ways her characters are very much particular to a certain time and place ? and are very much embedded within the experience of black America ? they also speak to a wide range of experiences beyond their own circumstances."
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Gender Relations in Chinese Literature, 2008.
A review of the Chinese story "Han the Fifth Sells her Charms in New Bridge Town" by Feng Menglong.
2,110 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Feng Menglong provides a window into the social, cultural, economic and political nature of Chinese society in the 17th century in his story "Han the Fifth Sells her Charms in New Bridge Town". The paper looks specifically at gender relations in Chinese Society in the 17th century. The paper explains that men and women had rigidly defined roles as well as a range of social and moral obligations attached to these gender roles. Individuals who fail to remain within these prescribed gender roles are seen as weak and immoral. The paper then discusses how Feng Menglong demonstrates what happens when individuals step outside of their prescribed gender roles.
From the Paper
"From the story "Han the Fifth Sells her Charms in New Bridge Town" it appears that gender roles were very important in 17th Century Chinese society. Men were seen as being connected to the Yang(Menglong 91). In order to understand the importance of this it is necessary to look at the concept of Ying and Yang. Ying and Yang are often expressed in a symbol known as the Tai Ji Tu made up of two fish shaped symbols forming a circle. Yang is the active, male heaven principle. Ying is the passive, female earth principle."
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Gender and Race Relations, 2006.
This paper offers a personal account of the issue of race in society.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The writer discusses how observing people at a local mall regarding race relations was an enlightening experience. The writer explains that this is because living in his/her own world, he/she is often oblivious to the issue of race in society. The writer says that he/she interacts with people based on their individual character, not on the color of their skin. Therefore the writer explains that he/she has not been aware of issues that exist beyond his/her own existence and beliefs about race.
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Gender-Related Factors in Development, 2006.
A discussion of the gender-related issues concerning the economic development of a country.
3,418 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper makes an effort to examine whether, how and the extent to which the "Empowerment of Women" and "Economic Independence of Women" can contribute to development in terms of growth of GDP per capita. The paper also proposes to examine the factors that are correlated with "women empowerment" and "economic independence of women".
Table of Contents
Impact of GEM and Other Variables on GNI per Capita
Effect of GDI and GEM on GDP per Capita (PPP US$)
GDI and Other Variables
GEM and Other Variables
Factors Affecting Poverty
Determinants of Total Fertility Rates
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Development is often taken to mean rising incomes. A still common view equates development with growth in average income. Though there has been a shift in emphasis since 1970s to a focus on the distribution of incomes. The 1990 Human development Report produced by the UNDP marked a different view of the meaning of development and has a distinct influence of the work of Amartya Sen. The essence of this view is that human development -what people can actually do and be -is the overriding purpose of economic development. Underdevelopment is viewed as the lack of certain basic capabilities, rather than lack of income per se. This approach which is critical of both "opulence" (income, wealth or commodity possession) and "utility" (whether interpreted as happiness, desire fulfillment or simply choice) as a measure of well-being, argues that "well-being" has to do with being well, which is about being able to live long, being well-nourished, being healthy, being literate and so on. The value of living lies in living & not in possessing things. This approach has been named as "human development approach". However, there can be no denying the fact that the capabilities can be built through increase in income. Economic growth expands capabilities directly. As average incomes increase, the population has greater command over the relevant goods and services--food, healthcare, education, and so on-which in turn leads to improved health & nutrition, longer life expectancy, and better education. However, enormous literature is available on relation between GDP per capita and the "Human Development Index (HDI)". HDI is calculated by taking into account "a long healthy life" represented by life expectancy at birth; "Knowledge", which is represented by "Adult Literacy Rate" and "Gross Enrollment Ratio" and the third parameter "a decent standard of living" which is represented by GDP per Capita (PPP US$)."
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Gendered Language and On-Line Power Relations, 2000.
An analysis of gender from a linguistic perspective as it is affected by electronic technology in the modern university classroom setting.
2,802 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
On-Line discourse today consists in large part of adult users who are essentially "mapping' power relations in terms of gendered language use as they are understood in off-line contemporary society onto computer mediated forums. This paper examines the relationship between gender and language in the medium of the online classroom discussion forum. It also looks at possible contrasts with gender identities in future generations of Internet users.
From the Paper
"The students using the online class forum are in a peculiar position, in that they are the last part of the only group in technological history for whom the Internet will be an indispensable tool in terms of future occupations, but for whom the Internet was not an educational tool learned and familiarized in childhood (learned simultaneously with the acquisition of written language). That computer and Internet use including online messaging is now used by and marketed to very young children, future generations of online users will grow up with a different understanding of identity in online culture. As children use the Internet as an educational and social forum, they will have a greater innate recognition of the power relations inherent in language use, and ways in which to manipulate these linguistic power relations in order to steer online communication."
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Cross-Cultural Gender and Gender Relations in Horticultural Societies, 2002.
This paper examines the gender roles in horticultural societies.
1,990 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper shows the difference that agriculturists, sedentary lifestyles, and social differentiation made in gender relationships.
From the Paper
"The first evidence of agriculturists, sedentary lifestyles, and social differentiation that archaeologists and anthropologists have distinguished come from groups termed Horticulturists. Though the past record remains relatively scant in regards, anthropologists have used existing ones as a locus of study and interpretation. More numerous than surviving hunter-gatherer groups, horticultural societies also show an incredible range of gender diversity between groups, more numerous, in fact, than any other extent societal model. The quantity of studies that has come as a result of this are astounding. Those done in the area of New Guinea alone, home to at least two hundred different horticultural societies, provide ample evidence to add weight to the debate of nurture over nature, by sheer examples of the differences in living and understanding gender roles in such a relatively small and homogenous environmental area. "
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Gendered Technologies and Gendered Jobs, 2002.
A comparison between women studying and working with computer technology and the sciences in North America and women studying science and technology in Asia.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 115.95
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Abstract
Explores how the gendered development of technology in a research setting impacts the gendered use of technology in the industrial or commercial setting, as well as the cultural barriers to women's advancement in the high-tech economy.
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Gender Issues and Third Gender Problems, 2002.
A look at how transsexuals fit into society.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This six-page undergraduate paper discusses gender from anthropological perspective and finds out how transsexuals are treated in different societies of the world. While males and female may fight each other over who is stronger, they are the fortunate ones for they belong to two accepted genders but for transsexuals adjusting to the norms of restrictive societies may not be easy as they are not considered a part of the social fabric in many cultures of the world.
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Social Class and Gender in Political Analysis, 2002.
Examines the analysis of social class and gender relations within the context of Middle Eastern politics.
1,371 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The analysis of social class and gender relations are common approaches in politics and sociology. The paper shows that the use of gender and class as an analytic tool turned in understanding the Middle East. It is an attempt by analysts to apply concepts from the modernized nations to traditional societies. The paper shows that the concepts can reveal certain issues of interest to Western analysts, but they may also contribute to a misperception because the class and gender are treated differently in Middle Eastern societies. The paper concludes that class and gender as analytical tools impose Western values. While this may provide a useful analysis in certain terms, it has limitations in explaining internal political actions and attitudes in the Middle East.
From the Paper
"Bill offers an analysis of the Middle Eastern class structure and shows it to be divided into traditional ruling classes, traditional middle classes, and the mass of society consisting of peasants, nomads, and workers. This class structure, says Bill, "has been knit together in constant movement and has traditionally possessed an extraordinary elasticity" (Bill, 1972, 429) marked by "hierarchically uneven but strongly reciprocal power patterns" (Bill, 1972, 429). Class lines are more permeable than might appear at first because there is a group-class tension marked by shifting power relations. Clearly, Bill would agree with Batatu (1985) that the view that classic sociological class analysis is not applicable to Arab societies is a generalization that cannot be fully supported: "To reject class analysis out of hand, merely on account of contingent ideological associations, is, from a scholarly point of view, inadmissible" (Batatu, 1985, 379). However, this does not indicate how cogent such an analysis may be in practice or how useful it would be in explaining political structures and actions."
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Gender Differences in Sikhism, 2002.
Social issues regarding gender relations in Sikhism relative to Hinduism and Islam.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper explores how Sikhism was established to specifically abolish gender inequality that is prevalent in the Indian society, and how this reflects the religion?s anti-gender discrimination status.
From the Paper
"Sikhism is a religion that began in India, specifically in the Punjab area during the year 1500 CE, established by Guru Nanak, and this religious institution was established primarily to offer a distinction in Hinduism and Islam, and to end the social stratification that is prevalent in Hinduism (the caste system) and Islam (a patriarchal society religion). Nine gurus have perpetuated Guru Nanak?s work on Sikhism, and the religion developed steadily during the middle of the 18th century until the present time in Indian society, and the religion flourished enough for the Sikhs to establish their own territory in India, particularly in Punjab, which was granted (and they partially control) to them in the 1960s. At present, the Sikh population already reached 14 million. As a religion, Sikhism adapts the Indian belief in reincarnation and the Islamic belief in only one God (monotheism), but the religion?s adaptation of these beliefs does not mean that Sikhism is similar, or like the Hinduism and Islam religion. In fact, Sikhism is radically different from these two major religions in India, since Sikhism does not encourage and support the practice of gender stratification, especially the oppression of women, which are common practices in the Hindu and Islamic traditions. Sikhism was established to specifically abolish the gender stratification that is prevalent in the Indian society, and this reflects the religion?s anti-gender discrimination status. Examples of gender stratification in the Indian societies are the society?s treatment to women as ?unclean? and ?seducers or temptress? of men. They are considered as commodities by the people, and must be valued only for their capability to ?perpetuate the race, do household work, and serve the male members of the society? (Kaur 2000). Also, the practice of female infanticide and sati (compulsory burning of a widow in the funeral pyre after the death of her husband) has further put the women?s position in the society into an even lower status than any other individuals in the society. All of these injustices and discrimination are what Sikhism aims to prevent and eradicate from the Indian society they live in."
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Gender and Leadership, 2006.
This paper is a research proposal to investigate the effects of gender-related leadership styles on the ability of male and female employees to relate to others.
1,355 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the following research question: "To what extent, will there be a statistically significant effect, at a confidence level of .05, of male and female leadership styles (authoritarian, laissez-faire, democratic) on the ability of employees to self-disclose (relate oneself) to significant others as measured by the Jourard self-disclosure questionnaire?" The author points out that to maintain the research integrity as to the reliability and validity of the measurement data and statistical data analysis, the data collection will adhere to both pre-data collection and during collection procedures. The paper relates that, as the proposed study is seeking to determine the effects of an independent or treatment variable on the outcome or dependent variable, an orthogonal analysis of variance (ANOVA), which is an inferential parametric statistic, will be used to statistically analyze the data.
Table of Contents
Introduction and Conceptual Framework
Operational Definitions
Gender
Authoritarian Leadership Style
Laissez-faire Leadership Style
Democratic Leadership Style
Self-Disclosure
Data Collection
Statistical Data Analysis Procedure
Measurement Instrument
From the Paper
"For the proposed investigation, the environment from which the sample of both male and female employees and male and female managers will be selected will be from two different manufacturing environments wherein each manufacturing operation has at 6 male managers and 6 female managers who represent, equally all three leadership styles. The number of employees to be sampled will be 60 males and 60 females and are equally distributed among the three leadership style managers and business environments."
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Ron Howard's "The Paper", 2006.
An analysis of the film, "The Paper" and how it depicts issues such as race relations, gender relations and ethnic diversity.
866 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Ron Howard's treatment of race relations, gender relations and ethnic diversity in his 1994 film "The Paper". Specific examples from the film are cited in order to illustrate Howard's sometimes fair and sometimes stereotypical treatment of each of these social issues and explains that, while the film is an imperfect one that somewhat glamorizes the work of daily news reporters, it does manage to successfully show how politics, gender, and race relations strongly influence the outcome of editorial decisions and journalism in general.
From the Paper
"Ron Howard's 1994 film The Paper exposes the inner workings of a fictitious New York daily newspaper, the Sun. "The Sun: It Shines for All," reads the sign atop the New York Sun's office building. The staff of the Sun is a varied bunch, including protagonist Henry Hackett (Michael Keaton), who is the paper's intrepid Metro Editor, Bernie White (Robert Duvall), the old-school Editor, and Alicia Clark (Glenn Close), the pugnacious Managing Editor. Reporters, including Hackett's wife Martha (Marisa Tomei), also vie for their bylines. In addition to inter-office politics, Howard's film depicts gender relations, race relations, and ethnic diversity. In some cases, the depictions are fair and positive. For example, The Sun's office is diverse, comprised of a range of people of all ages, ethnicities, and backgrounds. However, some of the portrayals of women are unfair, such as Close's character Alicia Clark, a testosterone-driven managing editor who contributes to the belief that women can't be good leaders unless they act like jerks. Similarly, Tomei's character comes across occasionally as the typical nagging pregnant wife whose life goes on hold during her maternity leave and who pressures her husband into taking a job at a competing newspaper."
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James Joyce's "The Dead", 2008.
An examination on the subject of gender relations in James Joyce's "The Dead".
3,410 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper is a study on the motif of gender relations in James Joyce's short story "The Dead". In order to observe this specificity of gender relations, the paper begins with an analysis of the main events that destabilize Gabriel's representation of the world. The paper then focuses on Gabriel's character under a Freudian perspective: it interprets Gabriel's relation with his mother and looks at how the relationship affects his perception. The paper then emphasizes the pathetic aspect of Gabriel's role as a male and determines how he denies the real. Finally, the paper underlines the main manifestations of the perturbation of the symbolic order in the text.
From the Paper
"The gender identity that we are provided with and imposed from the day of our birth happens to be constantly strengthened and fortified by language features and social structures. The work of the Russian structuralist Vladimir Propp has properly underlined the importance of myths and tales on that matter. Paradoxically, this opposition between men and women serves the belief they exist in a complementary relation to one other. But the rise of feminism in the twentieth century has brought along with it some rough debates. Indeed, since it appears that the social meanings of genders are not innate but rather taught, institutionalized, one might question the legitimacy of the traditional male social domination."
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