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Gender Identity Disorder, 2008.
A look at the clinical diagnosis of gender identity disorder, the cause and prevalence of the disorder, and controversies within the counseling profession related to gender identity disorder.
1,255 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper reports the diagnostic criteria and typical course of gender identity disorder including the theories of this disorder and the etiology and prevalence of this disorder. Evidence-based treatments found to be most effective are also reported as well as a consensus and controversies of the disorder in this field of study.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Clinical Diagnosis
Cause and Prevalence of GID
Controversies in the Field
Evidence-Based Therapies
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Duncan Osborne entitled: "Voices- Identity Crisis" relates the condition and the controversies very well in a story that tells of a five-year-old boy whom he treated. Later the child was treated as an adult. Osborne relates that generally these children who have been diagnosed with gender identity disorder grow up to be homosexual. Osborne reports a study conducted in the early 1980's by Green who finds that, among 44 such boys with gender identity disorder that: "...75% were either gay or bisexual and one wanted sex reassignment.""
According to Osborne, Psychologist Kenneth J. Zucker, head of Toronto's Child and Adolescent Gender Identity Service at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, is a "leading GID expert who has seen roughly 625 children or adolescents since 1978." (2003) According to Osborne, Zucker states that: "The majority of kids will have resolved their gender dysphoria and identify themselves as gay. We're also going to find that around 15% have a significant gender dysphoria that has persisted into adolescence and young adulthood to the point where they are wanting sex reassignment. If we add on to that a small minority of kids who report being heterosexual, we're seeing a real range of outcomes." (Osborne, 2
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The Gender Identity Debate, 2009.
This paper analyzes several essays from the book "Signs of Life in the USA" edited by Sonia Maasik and Jack Solomon on the origins of gender identity.
3,040 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the essays "I Won. I'm Sorry," by Maria Burton Nelson, "Gender Role Behaviors and Attitudes" by Aaron Devor and "The Gender Blur" by Deborah Blum that explore whether gender identity is primarily biological or largely socially constructed. The paper discusses how women and men continually receive messages, from advertising to their nurseries, that indicate the roles they should assume in society. The paper then discusses those who struggle with their identities from a young age, whose gender identity is all about their own unique biology. The paper therefore comes to the conclusion that gender identity is a blend of social constructs and each person's own unique biological makeup.
From the Paper
"Gender identity is most certainly socially constructed in our country, and it begins at the time of birth. Little baby boys come home from the hospital to blue, yellow, red, or green rooms (never pink), decorated with sailboats, jungle animals, or trains, while little girls come home to frilly pink rooms decorated with ruffles, fairies, princesses, and stuffed animals. From then on, the gender roles for little boys and girls become even clearer, and they point children down the "right" paths that little boys and little girls should always follow at a very young age. Little boys grow up learning they do not play with dolls, cook, or care about what they wear, while little girls grow up learning they do not get dirty, do not play competitive sports, and never outshine the boys on the playground or in the classroom."
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Gender Identity, 2007.
An analysis of the impact on individuals of labeling gender identity within society.
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses gender identity and the way that the need to classify, label and categorize gender identity has polarized the push toward civil rights for all genderqueers. It discusses the impact of the pressure to conform to gender roles and expectations that come from early childhood. It concludes by discussing society's view of those that it attempts to categorize into specific gender identities and the need for more flexible ways to consider gender and sexuality.
From the Paper
"One of the most salient points that Wilchins raises in Queer Theory, Gender Theory is that gender seems to have become even more polarized since the LGBT movement has gained momentum. Yet neither Wilchins nor one of the authors who contributed to Genderqueer can aptly explain why gender cuts so deeply to the core of human identity and why the "ick factor" exists to begin with. The authors do explain that eliminating the "ick factor" depends on a wholesale paradigm shift beginning with language and discourse and gradually affecting media manifestations, education, and political policy changes. For example, butch women should no longer be labeled as "freaks," whether they are gay or straight. A woman who chooses to slip back and forth between butch and femme roles need not fear the repercussions of her style of dress, and a man who does the same would also be able to express his gender without having to label himself or describe his sexual preferences."
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Gender Identity Disorder, 2007.
This paper discusses current treatment strategies for patients affected by gender identity disorder.
2,716 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a review of the literature and recommendations for practitioners. The paper shows how gender identity disorder (GID) treatment for children is inclusive of individual and group therapy and also separate individual and group therapy for parents. The paper relates that GID treatment for adults is also inclusive of therapy in addition to hormone therapy and reassignment surgery. The paper discusses how the research indicates that there is still a great deal that is unknown about GID. The paper maintains that practitioners must attempt treatments that have realized some positive outcomes.
Outline:
Introduction
Definition of Gender Identity Disorder
Children with GID
Treatments for Children With GID
Adults with GID
Treatments for Adults with GID
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Natioanl Institutes of Health explains that the symptoms of GID in children include a disdain for their own genetalia, a desire to be the opposite sex, depression, rejection, isolation and anxiety. The symptoms of adult with GID include wanting to destory their genitals, dressing as the opposite sex, the desire to live their life as the opposite sex, rejection, depression and anxiety(Gender Identity Disorder). Now that we have garnered a greater understanding of GID, let us focus on the impact of GID on both children and adults and the treatments that are available for both children and adults."
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Gender/Ethnic Identity, 2002.
A review of issues of gender/ethnic identity in two films and one novel.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper is an outline of gender/ethnic identity. In this essay, I will explore gender and ethnic identity in two films and one novel, "Double Happiness", "The Wedding Banquet", and Maxine Hong Kingston's "The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts".
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Gender and Ethnic Identity in Asian American Film and Literature, 2002.
A look at the issues of gender and ethnic identity in Asian American film and literature through the review of the films " Double Happiness" and "The Wedding Banquet" and Maxine Hong Kingston's novel " The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghost
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This essay looks at the issues of gender and ethnic identity in two films and one novel, Double Happiness, The Wedding Banquet, and Maxine Hong Kingston's The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts. These works provide the framework from which a reconsideration of ethnic and gender identity can take place. In these works, this reconsideration of identity centers on balancing old structures of identity with new experience and searching for a potential empowerment and confluence in the balancing the formation of a new identity.
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Gender and Identity, 2004.
An analysis of the impact of gender on an individual's identity.
3,308 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that entire fields of sociology and psychology have arisen to address the question of gender's impact and influence over individual identity and how this shapes society. The paper discusses three main theories that dominate the field, each with many facets and even occasionally overlapping claims: The existentialist who claims that biological sex contributes specific and perhaps universal elements to identity formation; the socializationist who claims that it is society which forces gender upon the identity of the individual; and the post-modernist position which, in its purest form, denies that in the face of human freedom there can be a coherent and consistent meaning either to gender or to group identification.
Outline
Introduction
The Theories
Major Theory Critiques
Renovation of the Theories and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Perhaps the most important question facing any human, be they male or female, is that of the discovery of their own identity. The majority of child development theories, from Freud onward, have dealt with the way in which children must learn to disengage their own identity from that of their parents (mothers in particular) and discover who they are as adults. Yet this process is far from over when one reaches physical maturity, and one may even see many other psychological theories, from Maslow to the existentialists, as exploring the stages through which one continues to define one's true identity as distinct not only from one's parents but also from one's biological and social circumstances. It is somewhat ironic that the word identity which was originally used to note categories of same-ness and unity (Connell 2002) is now so vitally bound up with defining distinctness. At the risk of making a rather sweeping generalization, it may not be inappropriate to say that the search for individual identity is one of the hallmarks of modern Western civilization. In the quest for individual identity, which has become increasingly politicized and psychologically centralized as wider social or class-based unities have decayed, one's individual identification becomes a new basis for political and social activism. (Connell 2002) "
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Sex and Gender Identity, 2005.
Position paper arguing that gender identity should be determined socially and not biologically.
1,723 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the complex issue of gender identity. The author of the paper argues that the categories of "man" and "woman" should be viewed from a social perspective and not a biological perspective. An actual legal case involving a married couple, one of whom is a transsexual, is discussed and referenced to help support the author's argument. The author concludes that identity should be considered in a "social" content, rather than a biological one.
From the Paper
"Imagine this. You are Josyln, a twenty-seven year old female transsexual. You and your husband, Julius, were happily married for nine years. This is Julius' second marriage, and the both of you are raising his two children from a previous marriage. Julius works overtime to pay for your newly built dream home. One afternoon an intoxicated cab driver collides head-on into Julius, killing him instantly. You file suit against the cab company for negligent hiring under a wrongful death statute as Julius' surviving spouse. Prior to settlement, the cab company requests that you to consent to genetic testing because no state recognizes same-sex marriages. You consent, confident that you are a woman. You have the outer image of a female, have all the organs of a female, and have spent three years in psychological counseling prior to your surgery."
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Freud and Gender Identity, 2008.
A discussion of Sigmund Freud's research into gender identity.
2,605 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
In this paper, Sigmund Freud's research into sexuality bisexuality, homosexuality, gender issues) is reviewed. The paper holds that Freud is respected for much of the original research he conducted into the differences between the sexes, the personality issues that are affected by psycho/sexual dynamics, dream psychology, gender identity and other areas of psychology. It claims, however, that more than a hundred years after his work, there are more than a few questions about the objectivity of his research, the credibility of his theories, and accuracy of his work. The paper concludes that after examining the events that were happening in his life during the time he conducted some of the research, there is room for some doubt.
From the Paper
"Meanwhile, according to Myths and Mysteries of Same Sex Love (Christine Downing), Freud himself was involved in "perversions" (e.g., homosexual relationships) with other men, namely Josef Breuer, Wilhelm Fliess (beginning in 1887) and later with Carl Jung, his close associate in research - a third gay relationship which was at its most intense period from 1907-1912, according to Downing (24). Knowing this information could possibly have the potential of casting a shadow of doubt on some of Freud's work in the area of same sex relationships and same sex research."
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Gender Identity in Women, 2004.
A discussion of the concept of gender identity in women through various stages in their lives.
1,897 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
An exploration of gender identity of women as their lives evolve from childhood to adolescence to adulthood. The paper discusses various factors that influence the development of this essential self-concept. It discusses the role of society, peers, family, and one's cultural surroundings, which all impact the development of gender awareness.
From the Paper
"Gender identity involves not only sexuality and sexual proclivities?as in the establishment of the sexuality of the transgendered. Female gender identity arises from how a woman interacts in and with society. Traditionally, conformation to society?s norms was considered paramount. Society says that a young woman should be: assigned female at birth, be feminine, see herself as a woman, and be attracted to men. Therefore, consider the definitions of some basic concepts. Gender refers to the sociocultural facet of being male or female. Sex refers to the biological side of things. Gender Identity is an individual?s sense of being male or female. Gender role is the set of expectations that prescribe how females or males should think, feel, and behave."
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Gender Identity, 2001.
This paper looks at the issue of gender identity in two novels.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 0 sources, $ 38.95
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Abstract
Louise Erdrich, in her book Love Medicine, and John Neihardt, in his biographical novel Black Elk Speaks, both address the importance of gender in the daily lives of their characters. This paper compares the role of gender identity to each of the main characters in these novels and how the society in which they live influences their outlook.
From the paper:
"Louise Erdrich, like many of the characters in her novels and short stories, is part Native American, part something else ? in her case, her family is a mixture of a German-American father and a Chippewa mother. Erdrich's parents worked for the Bureau of Indian Affairs as teachers on a nearby North Dakota reservation and she recalls that her father regularly recited memorized poetry ? Frost and Byron ? to her and her six siblings and it is no surprise that Erdrich started her literary career as a poet, supporting herself by working at a Kentucky Fried Chicken and on road construction crews. "
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Constructing Gender Identity in the Poetry of Katherine Philips, 2002.
An analysis of gender identity in several poems by the 17th century poet, Katherine Philips.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 0 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
By examining and analyzing several of Katherine Philips's poems, the author of this paper shows how Philips? poetry was most notable for its creative construction of gender and female sexuality, but surmises that the vision was secretly expressed inside the conventional language of female friendship.
From the Paper
"This is a point in Philips? poetry where she moves into the more conventional realm of Platonic love?a safe and respectable realm in the 17th century?but also a point at which she begins to manipulate her audiences? ideas of what that realm really is. For example, Philips implies that ascending towards Platonic love (i.e., spiritual or ideal love) allows friends or lovers to imagine an alternative reality for themselves, different from the one in which they now find themselves. This realm would give the two women the freedom to live out their ?Fate? (l.7). In fact, in Philips? poem ?To my Excellent Lucasia,? she writes that her connection to Lucasia is ?As innocent as our Design, / Immortal as our Soul? (ll.23-4)."
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Regional and Gender Identity, 2004.
This paper discusses regional and gender identity in Zora Neale Hurston?s ?Their Eyes Were Watching God? and Kate Chopin's ?The Awakening?.
1,145 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that both of these stories written by feminists deal with women who are being oppressed and ultimately become independent, not only of the men in their lives, but also of the whole of society. The author points out that the vernacular used is very specific to the region. ?Their Eyes Were Watching God? takes place in the South. The paper relates that, while ?The Awakening? does not really focus on race, it does focus on gender and a woman?s role in society. In addition, ?Their Eyes Were Watching God? focuses on a woman?s role in a black society.
From the Paper
"It is interesting that though both Janie and Edna come to awakenings toward the end of their stories, they both think or seem to think that at first, their awakenings are based on the love of men in their lives, and how the men make them feel. Janie?s relationship with Tea Cake is a perfect example, ?Janie is deliberately forgetting some of the truth. She constructs the truth in a way that will maintain and justify her dreams. When Tea Cake hits her, it is the ultimate betrayal, because he has not lived up to her idyllic view of him. She continues to think of him as the perfect man because it is the version of the ?truth? that she likes the best. It is only after he has been killed that her voice finally becomes strong and assertive."
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Gender Identity and Linguistics, 2002.
Examines language and gender usage in the print media.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper will delve into how gender identity and socio-cultural politics of contemporary society are shaped by and reflected in linguistics practices. Using the parameters of language, an attempt will be made to demonstrate how gendered language interacts with the varied dimension of social identity and how it reflects on the relationships between the sexes.
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Gender and Identity, 2002.
Looks at the way in which gender contributes to the formation of one's identity.
2,048 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper begins by making a distinction between the terms "sex" and "gender" by asserting that the term "gender" has to do with the social and cultural characteristics associated with a particular gender, rather than the biological definition associated with the term "sex". Using this distinction, the paper then goes on to examine how gender roles came about and to what extent they influence our identity.
From the Paper
"Indeed, the question of the way in which gender contributes to the formation of one?s identity is one that remains exceptionally difficult to solve from any particular perspective, as indeed, the two are so uniquely intertwined, or so it would seem, that it is exceptionally hard to say how and where the differ without employ a stringent and complex series of definitions surrounding the two words. As we must first realize in consider the sorts of terms that will be employed, gender must not be confused, equated to, conflated with, or be taken as a synonym for sex."
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