| Papers [1-15] of 38 :: [Page 1 of 3] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 —> | Search results on "GENDER ALTRUISM": |
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Gender and Altruism, 2006.
A discussion regarding whether gender impacts upon altruism.
1,287 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the question of whether altruism is gender influenced. According to the paper, an understanding of how gender impacts altruism would not only give us a greater understanding of how humans work, but greater insight into the difference in rationalization between men and women.
From the Paper
"The primary material necessary for this test is the principle questionnaire given to participants. The questionnaire are given in two different groupings that will create a test variable. The two versions of the test will provide the same scenario where the primary test is how the test subject reacts to the given scenario. However, in one version of the test the scenario will be elaborative, providing details of the life and intimate thoughts of the hypothetical victim, concluding with the situation that demands altruism. In the other version, no background information is presented, and a neutral tone is used to describe the same situation. Another key resource is the use of quarantined environment to take this test and at the same time reduce as much as possible outside influences. The use of randomized testing is imperative and therefore an isolated classroom where only one student is allowed to take the test at any given time is the ideal parameter. "
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Gender and Altruism, 2007.
An analysis of the relationship between gender and altruistic behavior.
759 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and assesses whether there is a relationship between gender and altruism. The paper defines altruism and discusses the results of a survey conducted to determine if any differences exist between males and females tendency to perform altruistic acts. It concludes that independent t-test results from the data showed that generally, there is no established significant relationship between gender of the individual and his/her propensity to commit acts of altruism.
From the Paper
"The feeling of being "at one with the other" is an important concept that must be taken into consideration in understanding altruism. What the findings showed is that altruism is best assessed not by the degree of help that one gives to the other, nor the feeling of empathy that is generated from the situation or scenario presented. The concept of oneness is found to be significant with the assessment of altruistic behavior (Maner et. al., 2002:1605). In the scenarios mentioned earlier, which yielded the highest and lowest mean score responses from both male and female respondents, the feeling of "oneness" is evident in the car scenarios, since all respondents felt positively and negatively for the "jumpstart" and "flat tire" scenarios, respectively."
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Reciprocal Altruism, 2007.
This paper discusses altruism and reciprocal altruism, which are fundamental features of all human societies.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that reciprocal altruism is a feature of socialization based on a system of reward and punishment. The author points out that reciprocal altruism appears to be an adaptive human behavior because it occurs in situations far beyond kinship and even in situations that do not result in an immediate reward for the altruistic act. The paper relates that altruism can be evaluated in terms of a cost-benefit analysis in that the altruistic act is a risk with potential or actual costs, which are weighted against the benefits of the altruistic act both for the recipient and the actor.
From the Paper
"Reciprocal altruism can be conveniently framed in terms of game theory and the "Prisoner's Dilemma". The "Prisoner's Dilemma" accounts for the obvious complexity involved in the evolution and development of cooperative behavior in human societies. Participants base their decisions to cooperate on selfish motives, a "tit for tat system". However, participants know that cooperation may result in benefits greater than the costs involved. An investment metaphor also works: individuals invest in altruism to the extent they can bank on receiving returns."
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Altruism, 2007.
A look at the modern debate over the existence, nature and desirability of altruism.
4,164 words (approx. 16.7 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
The paper researches the degree to which pure altruism, untainted by the selfish issues of group identity or personal gain, may indeed exist. The paper discusses the difficulty in attempting a definition of altruism and illustrates the differences between practical altruism and pure altruism. The paper looks at human activity towards animals and contends that we are not being altruistic for alternative reasons. The paper maintains that there is a uniquely inexplicable altruism at work present in those who have dedicated their lives to volunteering with animal rescue, caring for sick or injured animals, or otherwise sacrificing personal time, money and effort for animals.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Research Design
From the Paper
"The recent events with Hurricane Katrina sparked a nation-wide charitable reaction. Individuals and private organizations rushed to the rescue with a speed that put the tax-payer supported local and national governments to shame. While systems specifically designed to serve and protect their citizens struggled to do so, thousands of altruistic individuals moved immediately to the rescue. People across the country opened their hearts to those displaced by the hurricane in a truly spectacular way, many times crossing the usual borders of race and socioeconomic status to volunteer their efforts and their money."
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Altruism Within Evolutionary Biology, 2007.
An analysis of the paradox of altruism within evolutionary biology.
1,502 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines, through collected evidence, whether or not altruism can occur under the premise of evolutionary biology. It explains what evolutionary biology is and then explains the concept of altruism. It then goes on to explain why altruism is a paradox for evolutionary biology. The paper presents theories on altruism in an attempt to explain and minimize this paradox.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Background
Methods
Discussion
From the Paper
"There are many different results that are possible within this experiment. First, the expected result is that the majority of individuals will answer that they would act altruistically. However, they could act altruistically in some cases, as when they are giving change back to others, but selfishly when it comes to saving a drowning person and risking their own lives. Another scenario is that they could act selfishly when they are in the room by themselves, but when they are doing so in conjunction with someone else, they might be motivated by the visual sign of someone else to be altruistic. I argue that in most cases individuals will be altruistic and that they are altruistic because it is a reciprocated trait. When it comes to the questions of whether they would act altruistically knowing that the other person would not do the same. I believe the majority of individuals will still act altruistically. Although this result might differ from person to person."
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Modernity and Altruism, 2008.
An analysis of two writings, Frank De Waal's book "The Ape and the Sushi Chef" and Alexander Stille's essay "The Ganges' Next Life" regarding the conflict between modernity and altruism.
1,490 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the conflict between modernity and altruism through analysis of two works: Frank De Waal's investigative tome of fables "The Ape and the Sushi Chef" and Alexander Stille's topical essay "The Ganges' Next Life". The paper holds that powerful nations engage in acts of military conquest and economic subjugation under the pretenses of sharing the gifts of democracy and freedom with the world. Furthermore, the World Trade Organization offers loans to developing countries only to demand their repayment on grossly unfair and impractical terms. The paper claims that responses to this imbalance range from economic isolationism to terrorist violence, causing political theorists to take a second look at the application of altruism in modern terms. The principle of generosity as it is distinguished from the image or claim of generosity is of prime concern in this discourse. To conclude, the paper finds that both writings under discussion demonstrate that altruism is a principle which is in operation at the grass-roots international level today, but which must still be embraced by established world governments and powers if the world is to effectively progress as a global village rather than as separate and warring cultures.
From the Paper
"Our concern with altruism today must first be separated from other rational human exchanges which appear on the cosmetic level to mirror its intents. De Waal distinguished genuine altruism from "functional altruism--in which one individual gains from another's actions," noting that this form "does not necessarily rest on intended kindness, in which someone else's wellbeing is the goal." (De Waal, 324) Instead, it is intended for the purposes of self-benefit. This, in and of itself, does not prevent the altruistic act from being beneficial to its recipient or 'good,' if such a label is an appropriate one for the act. However, it does enable the prospect of distortion. Such charity as is motivated thusly straddles a thin line, upon which when crossed, renders the donor an exploiter instead. Such has long been a grievance levied against the U.S. in its venture, guised as it is by the premise of altruism."
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Altruism, 2007.
An analysis of the role of altruism within a cohesive society.
1,471 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the prevailing theories of altruism and attempts to develop a better contextual understanding of its core concepts. It discusses whether altruism fits into evolutionary biology and shows how altruism helps us understand how to create greater cohesiveness in society as well as encourage pro-social behavior.
From the Paper
"Understand these evolutionary theories become crucial on a societal level to leverage the altruistic intent and evolutionary instincts within human beings. Societies and leaders need to understand that mutual altruism is the only way for the improvement of the group and the survival of the individual within the group context. By leveraging the knowledge of reciprocal altruism, leaders can create a convincing argument for why it is imperative for everyone to become active members of society. Kinship selection also helps in our understanding of group activity; leaders can utilize this theory to articulate a vision for the needs of a strong and interconnected community. Human beings as evolutionary creatures have highly evolved instincts for altruism. Perhaps one of the reasons that we have survived so long and past the prime of many other animals is our sense of altruism. Therefore to understand how altruism can help on a communal level, one only has to look at the sacrifices each individual makes in every aspect of community growth."
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Altruism in Biology, 2002.
A discussion of the concept of "altruism" within the context of biology.
1,860 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of the phenomenon of "altruism" among humans and animals. Altruism is defined as behavior by an organism that may be to its disadvantage but is to the advantage of others of its kind. The question of why organisms behave in this manner is the focus of this paper. Various research works in this field are detailed, shedding light on why altruistic behavior is manifested in the animal kingdom and why altruistic behavior is undertaken intentionally in the human world.
From the Paper
"The subject has been much studied to ascertain why animals and humans alike behave in an altruistic fashion, given the selfish power of the genetic predisposition toward self-protection. Research has been conducted to identify behaviors which might be considered altruistic and then to determine whether they are truly altruistic or instead offer some benefit to the organism that may not be readily apparent. Different ethical theories involve differing procedures, implications, and justifications for solving moral dilemmas. A moral dilemma occurs when an individual has to face a choice between two different ethical solutions, solutions that are contradictory. Our society depends on a sense of morality as part of the normative structure of the citizenry, and the normative structure is what we accept as a minimum of shared understanding of what is moral, serving thus as a guide to our behavior and to our judgment about the behavior of others. A moral dilemma tests our definitions and our resolve to find ways of balancing competing interests. Altruistic behavior in some ways challenges this structure by being behavior without evident reward, though it may be an example of a normative behavior. Some theorists consider altruism as having a genetic basis, while others see it as a social construct and as a norm imposed by society. Still others consider the psychological implications for such behavior seek reasons for altruistic behavior in human psychology."
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Reciprocal Altruism, 2002.
Discusses reciprocal altruism among organisms and the social rewards linked to this behavior.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the nature of reciprocal altruism and how and why there are social benefits despite the presence of risk in this type of behavior.
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Altruism, Art and the Practical Application of Both, 2008.
This paper discuses that behaviors, such as artistic expression, ritualistic ceremony and altruistic gesturing together, seem to suggest that the instinctual modes of humans are often superseded by the promise of their sentience.
1,755 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the human condition is governed by both an instinctual drive to adhere to environmental conditions and by the supernatural desire to transcend them. The author suggests that art is the most versatile vessel for humankind to achieve such transcendence. The paper relates that human beings have taken special care to elevate the correlation between art and man's assumption of his spiritual importance, which allegedly separates them from other species. The paper concludes that art and altruism alike are driven by man's unquenchable thirst for life. The author underscores that the social pressure to create art and to act altruistically are macro-level responses to the relevancy of both disciplines to the survival of the species.
From the Paper
"A perception of man's instinct as not strictly guided by that which can be considered directly practical from a standpoint of survivability is one which brings to bear a discourse over altruism. Much like art, altruism is a topic which is debated with the motive as a central cause of disagreement. De Waal's work is concerned with the wide spectrum of potential categories up for consideration in the debate over motives. Importantly, it introduces to the discussion a suggestion that altruism is rarely undertaken with the strict intent to function as charity alone. There is, the literature suggests, some less apparent and more personally compelling justification for one to help another."
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Democratic Altruism, 2001.
This paper examines the article entitled "The Significance of Affirmative Action for the Souls of White Folk: Further Implications of a Helping Model" by the authors Anthony R. Prakanis and Marlene E. Turner.
720 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the effects of racism on racists, through the analysis of the article "The Significance of Affirmative Action for the Souls of White Folk: Further Implications of a Helping Model," by the authors Prakanis and Turner. The paper intelligently investigates the psychological concept of ?democratic altruism?. It views democratically altruistic individuals have a sense of social responsibility, a sense of emotional empathy, and a sense of being included in their society. The paper layouts out the goals of affirmative action as a fundamental principle of American society in countering the lingering perceptions of racial inferiority in the American mindset.
From the Paper
"In their article entitled ?The Significance of Affirmative Action for the Souls of White Folk: Further Implications of a Helping Model,? the authors Anthony R. Prakanis and Marlene E. Turner discuss a psychological concept referred to as ?democratic altruism.? The authors examine the effects of racism on racists. They examine how the concept of ?democratic altruism? can be healing to both the perpetrators and the victims of racism, and can be healing to society as a whole. They then go on to explain how why Affirmative Action, often looked at as only benefiting minorities, can also be of aid to the whole of society."
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The Constitutional Convention: Altruism or Self Interest?, 1999.
An argument that the American constitution was intended to keep the power out of the hands of the people, and specifically addressed the grievances and purveyed the interests of the founding fathers.
1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, $ 37.95
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From the Paper
"The 1789 constitution, at the time of its authoring, truly seemed a liberal and enlightened document. Although, at the time, it provided the most democratic system of government in the western world, the authors of the constitution, the founding fathers, certainly did not fail to provide for their own well being. The constitution was not only intended to keep the power out of the hands of the people, but it specifically addressed the grievances and purveyed the interests of the founding fathers. The constitution, though it provided a less tyrannical government that the colonists had endured as subordinates to the British, truly epitomized the self-interest of the authors. "
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Theories of Social Psychology, 2008.
This paper discusses the attribution theory and the altruism and the bystander effect theory.
1,309 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper compares the attribution theory and the altruism and the bystander effect theory, which are both concerned about influences on behavior. The paper explains how the attribution theory is basically concerned with how other people as observers see the behavior, while the bystander effect theory focuses on the bystander who acts or who does not act. The paper shows how although these two theories are very different, they can be used together.
Outline:
Introduction
Attribution Theory
Altruism and the Bystander Effect Theory
Attribution Theory and Bystander Effect Theory Compared
Strengths and Weaknesses
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Attribution refers to assumptions about why people behave as they do (Rathus, 2007). Attribution is a matter of looking at other people's motives and traits for explanations of their behavior. There are two types of attribution. The first is dispositional attribution and sees people's behavior in terms of their personality and of these people having free will. The second type is situational attribution which sees human behavior as resulting from social factors (Rathus, 2007). In our society, people usually blame the person instead of social conditions so that dispositional attribution is the most common form."
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Responsibility to the Homeless, 2002.
Discusses the evaluation of the sense of responsibility or altruism of bystanders towards homeless persons.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a proposal for a research experiment designed to assess evidence of "altruism" or "responsibility" towards homeless persons. In this paper, the author describes a background for the research, a purpose, including a hypothesis, a method for conducting the research and a description of the relevant variables for evaluating the research results. This proposal concludes with predictions and a conclusion. This is a research proposal; thus, research results are not available in this paper.
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?Born To Be Good?? by Celia Kitynger, 2002.
A review of Celia Kitynger's article, ?Born To Be Good?? which analyzes altruism and moral behavior.
896 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper describes ?Born To Be Good?? by Celia Kitynger, examining the key role of social context in determining altruistic or moral behavior. The writer explains that social context may be the most significant factor in moral behavior, but most likely it is a combination of empathy, cognition, and social context that causes people to act altruistically.
From the Paper
"In her article ?Born To Be Good?? Celia Kitynger examines the ?key role of social context? in determining altruistic or moral behavior. Citing numerous journal articles that support or refute her beliefs, Kitynger concludes that ?people are fundamentally pro-social beings, whose ability to act on altruistic impulses and moral principles is sometimes inhibited? by social pressures. Kitynger?s article accurately portrays the ambiguity of altruism and the author presents a balanced point of view. First describing the everyday kindnesses we all witness or participate in and moving onto broader and bigger acts of altruism, Kitynger debunks assumptions about the self-serving nature of moral behavior. "
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