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National Income (Real GDP) and the Standard of Living, 2002.
This research examines national income in general, and the use of one metric (real GDP) in particular. Real GDP is then contrasted against standard of living for its relevance and appropriateness.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by introducing the concept of the GDP and defines national income. It then examines factors which influence the real GDP and factors which the real GDP does not address. It then discusses the concept of "standard of living" and looks at alternative approaches to GDP as a measure of well-being.
From the Paper
"There are a variety of uses for measures of national income. Governments are interested in national income since it helps them determine levels of taxation and the economic activity generated by the nation as a whole. Trade agreements can be based on a nation's national income and its income relative to other economies. Companies are interested in national income in order to determine countries which might represent significant new markets, or to gauge the effectiveness of competitors based on other countries. Individuals might be interested in national income in order to identify potential investment opportunities, or to even make relocation decisions. These are only some of the reasons which support the desire to develop some type of national income measure."
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Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 2005.
A discussion on how good a measure is GDP of the quality of life.
1,968 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
GDP, or gross domestic product, measures the output of goods and services within an economy by factors of production, e.g. labour, within a twelve month period. This paper focuses on explaining what GDP is, methods of measuring GDP and its limitations as a measure for the quality of life of residents.
From the Paper
"There are other limitations of GDP's usefulness as an indicator of the quality of life that must also be evaluated. For example, GDP may not accurately reflect the total economic activity of a nation because items such as DIY and household labour (housewifery) are excluded as is the underground economy. Activities such as drugs and prostitution go unrecorded. Although such activities are illegal they are a highly lucrative business and the expenditure on these goods or services may amount to a sizeable sum that has therefore been withdrawn from the circular flow and disappeared into this underground sector from the national accounts. We cannot know for sure the exact amount that has been withdrawn but we can estimate this by analysing the demand for cash in the economy as illegal activity is usually conducted with cash."
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The GDP Per Capita, 2007.
A brief discussion on the gross domestic product (GDP) as a measure of the standard of living of the economy per capita.
844 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the components of the gross domestic product (GDP) that is used as a measure of the standard of living of a country's economy. First, the current currency exchange rate is discussed and then the advantages and disadvantages of using the GDP as a measure of the standard of living of the economy are outlined. Finally, the paper reveals that the welfare of a nation can hardly be inferred from a measure of national income.
Outline:
How Do We Keep Score
It's Components
Measures of Economic Performance
Advantages and Disadvantages of the GDP
Welfare of a Nation
From the Paper
"GDP per capita is used generally as a measure of the standard of living of the economy of each individual country. It records spending on all goods and all services. It can also measure income that is earned (and reported). Those numbers are counted and kept by a national government statistical agency. For example, In the United States uses the BEA, or Bureau of Economic Analysis as our scorekeeper. Australia uses the ABS, or Australian Bureau of Statistics and Germany uses the Statistisches Bundesamt."
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Relative GDP Growth, 2008.
A comparison of the GDP growth of the US with the major economic powers of the European Union, specifically France, Germany and Italy.
846 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the comparative GDP growth in the developed world. It focuses on why the US GDP growth has been consistently higher than the major economic powers of the European Union since 1982. It also looks at why the unemployment rate (or more accurately, the percentage of people of working age employed) is so much higher in the United States than in the major countries of Western Europe. The paper focuses primarily on France, Germany and Italy, with some mention of the United Kingdom.
From the Paper
"France has a significant problem with some of the highest government burdens in Europe. Over 50% of GDP goes to the State in the form of direct and indirect taxes. As a result of this high social welfare spending, France is lagging other major countries in productivity growth. Sarkozy is pulling France back from the 35-hour work week, retirement at age 50 for some public workers (transport, coal mining) and attempting to reduce top income tax rates. This will be a wrenching change for France, but the cure should improve the country's overall chances of increasing growth."
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The Limitations of GDP Calculations, 2009.
A discussion of the limitations of gross domestic product (GDP) calculations as an economic and developmental indicator.
889 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the statement that gross domestic product (GDP) provides neither an accurate nor an in-depth understanding of a nation's economic status and its population's living standards. It discusses Qatar, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates and Equatorial Guinea compared to the US, UK and France as cases in point that calculating development in terms of per capita GDP leads to a distorted view of the developmental status of nations and their populations.
From the Paper
"Even though GDP and GDP per capita fail to provide an accurate picture of a country's economic and developmental status and most certainly do not reflect the standards of living enjoyed by populations in question, the measurement has its uses. It may not accurately calculate standards of living and economic well-being but it is an indicator of the size of an economy (Ezcurra, 2007). Through the calculation of the monetary value of the goods and services which are produced within the economy and the financial exchanges which occur therein, the measure quite accurately conveys the size of the economy and by calculating the said size in relation to per capita income, it functions as an indicator of whether or not the economy has the capacity to sustain and maintain its population or not (Ezcurra, 2007). Therefore, even while conceding to its limitations and shortcomings, it is important to clarify that the measure has value and significance."
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GDP Forecast for 2002, 2002.
This is a paper that examines each component and sub-component of GDP current estimates for the year 2002.
1,405 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The components of the GDP are analyzed for their contribution to the estimated results. These include consumption, investment, government spending and net exports. The paper examines all these facts and concludes that the U.S. economy is not on the road of recovery anytime soon and that unless there is an increased level of consumption as well as exports, the likelihood of a higher GDP is dim.
From the Paper
"One of the largest components of GDP, consumption depends largely on how the masses consume and the price index. In the last few months it could be seen that due to the energy crises, consumption of non-durable goods have slowed down. Producer indicates high price inflation which have gained as much as 1 percent in March, 2002. The rising price of energy which increased by 5.5 percent have resulted in approximately an increase in crude price upto 43%. As a result of this Economists at Bear Stearns predict that consumer price inflation will rise upto 1.5 percent for the year 2002 from 1.1 in 2001 [Bandur, April 2002]."
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Keynes and GDP, 2003.
Explores the relationship between Keynesian theory, GDP and employment levels.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between Keynesian theory, GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and employment levels. It looks at ways in which full employment can be achieved; effect of government manipulation of fiscal policy on GDP and concepts of supply and demand.
From the Paper
John Maynard Keynes revolutionized the study and practice of economics most especially through his writings on the causes of long-term high levels of unemployment such as were seen during the Great Depression ..."
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Unemployment and the GDP, 2002.
An analysis that explains the connection between unemployment, the GDP, inflation and the financial markets.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper defines and discusses the connection between unemployment and the GDP, the connection between unemployment and inflation, and the connection between unemployment and the financial markets.
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Unemployment and GDP, 2005.
This paper discusses unemployment and GDP in terms of the banking industry.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the examination can best be pursued by analyzing the connection between unemployment and GDP growth. The paper quotes Altig et al (1997) who says this is often formally summarized by the statistical relationship known as Okun's law. The paper discusses this law as developed by economist Arthur Okun in 1962, how it related decreases in the unemployment rate to increases in output growth.
From the Paper
"Examining unemployment and GDP in terms of the banking industry can best be pursued by analyzing the connection between unemployment and GDP growth. As Altig et al (1997) notes, this is often formally summarized by the statistical relationship known as 'Okun's law.' As developed by economist Arthur Okun in 1962, this law related "decreases in the unemployment rate to increases in output growth." Unemployment of course is defined as people who are both out of work and seeking employment. The percentage of people in the entire labor force who are in this category is the unemployment rate. GDP is of course Gross Domestic Product, and is defined as the total value of all goods and services produced by an economy. It is a function of productivity and hours worked."
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Gross Domestic Product (GDP)., 2002.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
Summary: This is a 3-page article on GDP.
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Employment, Inflation, and GDP., 2002.
How these factors affect the American economy.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the current state of the US economy with respect to employment, inflation and growth; examines the levels of employment, inflation and GDP growth over the last five years, and analyzes current government and other expert forecasts of economic activity in the US in the next three years. It concludes with the author's analysis, evaluation and reaction to these forecasts.
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GDP and GPI, 2005.
A discussion regarding the Gross Domestic Product and the Genuine Progress Index.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the differences between two methods of analyzing the economy, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which is considered to be the most comprehensive measure of economic activity, and the Genuine Progress Index (GPI), an alternative approach offered by the group Redefining Progress as a way of linking the economy with social and environmental variables so as to create a more comprehensive and accurate measurement tool by accounting for the value of human, social, and natural capital, in addition to standard measures of produced capital.
From the Paper
"Economic indicators demonstrate the rate of progress in the economy in terms of growth, income, employment, government expenditures, imports, and similar factors. For the most recent quarter available, the second quarter of 2005, the Bureau of Economic Analysis reports that inflation-adjusted gross domestic product (GDP), which is considered to be the most comprehensive measure of economic activity, increased 3.4 percent after increasing 3.8 percent in the first quarter. Growth has thus slowed slightly and is far below the high in 2003 when the increase exceeded 7 percent. The current rate of growth was enhanced by consumer spending on goods and services, which increased 3.3 percent; by exports, which increased 12.6 percent; and by business fixed investment, which increased 9.0 percent."
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GDP and Economic Structure: Morocco, 2004.
Analysis of the economic structure of Morocco from 1984 to 2003.
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the economic structure of Morocco from 1984 to 2003. It looks at Morocco as a developing country and discusses Gross Domestic Product, GDP performance and export trade performance. The paper includes tables.
From the Paper
"Subsequently Morocco occupied and attempted to annex the Western Sahara. The status of the annexation remains unresolved. Morocco as a developing country confronts problems for which most developing countries must find solutions modernizing and opening the economy, privatizing state-owned enterprises, reversing the import-export imbalance and so forth. .."
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Gross Domestic Product, 2002.
The following paper examines the concept of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as how the original concept of GDP has changed throughout history.
2,095 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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This paper discusses how the 1990s unprecedented GDP growth shows increasing wages, but more likely labor inefficiencies due to the increased participation of older and less skilled workers. This paper also explores how several factors lead to an increase in the price per unit of GDP.
From the Paper
"The concept no longer had to do with production, now it had to with anything, good or service, to which a market price could be attached. The focus of GDP changed from production to consumption (Cobb, Halstead, Rowe). The increase in services provided by divorce lawyers, day care centers, and financial advisors caused a shift. In January 1962 the Personal Consumption Expenditures broke into 45.1% non-durables, 12.7% durables, and 42.2% services. In January 1972 the Personal Consumption Expenditures broke into 39.7% non-durables, 14.3% durables, and 46.1% services. The trend continued through January 2002, 29.0% non-durables, 11.9% durables, and 59.1% services (Bureau of Economic Analysis). In 40 years, non-durables dropped from 45.1% of personal consumption expenditures to 29.0%."
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The Problem with the Gross Domestic Product, 2002.
Looks at the problems associated with present methods of calculating the GDP.
4,524 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the faulty methods used for determining the GDP. It points out that the GDP is the result of forecasts made by various public agencies at different times of the year. The paper also looks at the view held by many economists that the GDP is largely based on the purchase of imaginary items. Finally, this paper explores the problem of the faulty assumptions used to determine the value of goods and services.
From the Paper
"Another problem is also inherent in the GDP. When figuring the value of all the goods and services included in the GDP, assumptions are made about how long it takes people to create those goods and services. The thing is, polls have shown that the average workweek in 2000 was more than ten hours longer than in the early 1970s. And commentators point out that these days, so much work is done away from the work site because of laptop computers and so on, that even that estimate may be way out of whack. That seems that it could make for a skewed result, to say the least. "
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