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Gangs and Gang Warfare, 2003.
Discusses African-American and Latino young men's involvement in gangs.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Discusses the nature of gangs. Examines why children and teenagers join gangs. Considers children at-risk and gang involvement. Reviews and critiques five studies on gangs and violence, and discusses the methods of the studies.
From the Paper
"Over the last 20 years in the city of Los Angeles at least 10,000 African American and Latino young men have died due to gang activity and gang warfare (Vigil, 2002). As large as that figure is it is still only a portion of the deaths..."
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Gangs on the Street and in Prison, 2006.
An overview of the gang problem in the United States and the relationship between gangs on the street and gangs in prison.
2,779 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates gang life on the streets and gang life in prisons and looks at the relationship between these two types of gang membership. The paper also looks at trends in gang membership, the primary reasons that youth join gangs, societal factors contributing to gang membership, and the feeling of family that gangs provide many youth. The paper also includes interviews of youths from street gangs and prison gangs and concludes that prison life is merely an extension of gang life for many of the youth that are behind bars.
From the Paper
"The problem from the law enforcement angle is: "who is in charge?" There is a see-saw effect between the government or various governmental agencies and the parents. Of course, the focus is on dysfunctional families, frequently one-parent, over-burdened, poverty-stricken families. There are two choices for society: to completely turn their back, as is happening all too often, is to do something to provide an opportunity and a look at a better future for disillusioned, frustrated, angry juvenile offenders."
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Youth Gangs, 2006.
This paper examines the increase in gangs and gang related violence in America, as well as the available programs and strategies to combat this growing problem.
1,170 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The writer of this informative paper details the growing number of gangs and membership to gangs which have become a public security threat that communities are now recognizing that must be addressed. This paper supplies relevant statistics and data relating to gangs and various acts of gang violence. Approximately half of all youth gang members are 18 years or older and thus more likely to become involved in serious and violent crimes than younger gang members. This paper discusses the spread of gangs across America. While gangs have been a problem in L.A. for years, and account for roughly 50% of the city's murders, gangs are now responsible for 41% of the homicides in Omaha, Nebraska. This paper details the various preventative measures and programs available to curtail this growing problem. The writer contends and explains why preventing adolescents from joining gangs seems to be the most cost-effective long-term strategy. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms has implemented a school-based gang prevention program that has shown positive preliminary results. The writer of this paper stresses the need for communities to organize a collaborative approach to gang problems from the outset rather than beginning with a predominantly suppression strategy.
From the Paper
"Since 1980, the United States has witnessed a rapid proliferation of youth gangs. According to a 1998 Juvenile Justice Bulletin, there were roughly 286 gang jurisdictions with some 2,000 gangs and approximately 100,000 gang members in 1980. By 1996, there were some 4,800 jurisdictions with more than 31,000 gangs and an estimated 846,000 gang members. In an eleven-city survey of eighth graders, researchers found than nine percent were currently gang members, while seventeen percent stated they had belonged to a gang at some point in their lives. Other studies show similar percentages and also indicated that gang members were responsible for a large proportion of violent offenses."
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Gangs, 2002.
An insight to the sociology of gangs and gang warfare.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper aims to provide a basic understanding of the sociology of gangs, including the definition of gangs, the main reasons for joining gangs, sociological characteristics commonly found in gang members, behavior of gangs and the impact of gangs on today's society. According to guidelines, a gang is best defined as a group of youths that commit crimes and identifies with other members of the gang for this purpose. It discusses the conflict theory, that the juvenile becomes a delinquent individual due to conflicts and strain theory, that people are socialized to desire a cultural goal but denied the means to reach it and addresses how these theories can be applied to society.
From the Paper
"According to Merton's strain theory, gang members are products of their society. Different social classes have distinct styles of crime due to differential access to institutionalized means of achieving socially acceptable goals. Therefore, youths that are economically and socially challenged do not have equal opportunities to financial success. Therefore, they may be more drawn into certain crimes than youths that have had better opportunities. "
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The Five Points Gangs, 2005.
A history of gangs in the U.S. with a focus on the Five Points Gangs.
2,266 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at gangs in America starting with the most famous gangs of the 1800s. The paper then delves into the deeper issues about who is typically attracted to gangs, different aspects of gang culture, and the most common gang crimes. The paper also looks at notorious gangs that existed in the Five Points region of New York and explains that the film "Gangs of New York" in many ways misrepresented the criminal activities of the Five Points Gangs.
From the Paper
"Unfortunately, gangs have been around on this earth as long as humans. In the 1800's, the United States was enthralled with the activities of gangs and gangsters such as the James Gang and Billy the Kid. As new immigrants arrived in America, the makeup of these gangs started to change. Irish gangs like the Whyos, Dead Rabbits and Plug Uglies, and Jewish ones including the Monk Eastman Gang, terrorized New York City streets. The most disreputable was called the Five Points Gang, because of its location in the Five Points Section or Bowery of Lower Manhattan. First led by Italian immigrant, Paolo Antonini Vaccarelli, the Five Points Gang later added such infamous hoodlums as Al "Scarface" Capone and Lucky Luciano. Today, the number of gang members in the U.S. is estimated at over one million. Although these groups are larger in urban areas such as Los Angeles, Chicago and New York, they are growing consistently in suburban locations as well. Many of these gang members are proud to consider themselves the mafia of the new millennium. Gangs often boast the largest numbers in poor areas, due to other social ills that go hand-in-hand with this poverty such as violence, substance abuse, low education attainment and psychological despair. Such characteristics surely sum up the Five Point Area in the late 1800s as well as parts of Los Angeles where gangs reap havoc today."
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Gangs, 2002.
The differences between prison gangs and street gangs.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 11 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper gives an overview of the differences between prison and street gangs in the United States.
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Gangs, 2007.
A look at the history and development of gangs through history.
2,389 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the existence of gangs in the United States can be traced back to the early 1800s and how it was the years following the Civil War, and the subsequent World Wars that gave rise to the number gangs. It looks at how, over the decades, gangs have become not only a major concern for the United States, but for other countries as well. It discusses how gangs are not confined to neighborhood streets, but can be found behind prison walls and how technology has allowed gangs to communicate worldwide. It also shows how today, all three elements, street gangs, prison gangs and global gangs are interconnected.
From the Paper
"The existence of gangs can be traced back to ancient civilizations, however the first identified gang in the United States, was formed in 1820 in the Five Points District of New York City (Allender 2001). The end of the Civil War saw large-scale criminal activity on the part of a few veterans who had trouble returning to a peaceful society (Allender 2001). Following World War II, veterans returning home formed motorcycle clubs, and while most were social groups, a few, such as the Hell's Angels, began to engage in criminal activities (Allender 2001). Ethnic groups, including Asians, Italians, Jews, Jamaicans, and many others, formed gangs due to the prejudice and discrimination that they had to deal with and which alienated them from mainstream society (Allender 2001)."
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Youth Gangs in Schools, 2002.
This paper is a literature review of youth gangs in schools, focusing on a historical overview, characteristics and traits of youth gang members and prevention of youth gang membership and activity.
6,020 words (approx. 24.1 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although youth gang activities in schools continue to increase, intensify and spread to small towns and rural areas, youth gangs are not new. The author believes that,when institutions and moral visions fail, then individuals will try to manufacture structures to replace them; in the case of youth gangs, the creators of these structures are young people, with little experience of the world and little knowledge of alternatives. This paper points out that a common sign of gang activity moving into the neighborhood or into the region of the school is graffiti, which is one of the most common ways for gangs to communicate, identify their turf, issue challenges and attract other adherents.
Table of Contents
Background
Organization of Review
Historical Overview
Characteristics and Traits
Prevention
Rationale for Study
Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper
"This is an important historical development, representing the extension of gang behavior and gang culture into new regions of the country and with new styles. While the gangs may have begun in imitation of such gangs as the Crips and Bloods, and may still wear typical gang clothing and paraphernalia, they are more of an organization of those youth who are prone to violence and delinquent behavior than they are instances of ethnic turf battles. Again, another movie might be helpful in thinking about these kinds of gangs. The movie Grease portrayed a certain class of young teen-agers who had clothing, culture, and behaviors in common. Yet, they were not seen as youth gangs, but as a faction or clique within the overall high school environment. In 1999, however, these greasers are more likely to be organized into youth gangs of the type identified in Puyallup. They have borrowed some of the behavior and culture from the urban gangs, become more organized, and engaged in more conflict between groups. They tend to harass and intimidate the other students."
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Gangs and School Violence, 2002.
A discussion of the role of gangs in school violence and some of the approaches that are being pursued to reduce gang-related school violence.
1,214 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the causes of school violence extend beyond gangs and gang membership, but how gangs are a significant contributing factor. It analyzes how gang members participate in violent acts at school and how the presence of gangs increases both the availability of weapons and the perceived need to seek the protection of a gang. It looks at the typically three different approaches that are used to manage the risk of school violence-- precaution, intervention and enforcement. Precaution includes taking steps to minimize the opportunity for violence such as metal detectors, intervention typically focuses on providing alternative activities for at-risk youths, such as after-school programs and extra-curricular activities and enforcement are those actions taken once an act of violence has occurred.
From the Paper
"Intervention typically focuses on providing alternative activities for at-risk youths, such as after-school programs and extra-curricular activities, and on crisis intervention for students who participate in violent (or pre-violent) acts. Effective intervention requires that school personnel and law enforcement work together to ensure that incidents are reported accurately and that opportunities for early intervention are not missed. However, some school officials note that while law enforcement has been generally helpful in areas such as how to conduct a search legally, there remains a lack of knowledge among school personnel about how to conduct such a search effectively (Zolkos, 1996, p. 3)."
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Teen Gangs, 2006.
This paper discusses teen gangs and the theories behind why teenagers join these gangs.
1,625 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, while the primary purpose of gangs may be to engage in criminal activity, they serve other social functions that attract teens as gang members. The author points out that researchers have developed a variety of different theories to explain the proliferation of gangs such as criminological theories, which focus on the social aspects of crime and gang membership. The author points out that the advocates of social disorganization theory suggest that this theory is more comprehensive than any of the criminological theories and may be able to supply a broader solution to the gang problem.
From the Paper
"In addition, many people believe that gangs are only an urban problem. This impression has a basis in reality; the majority of gang activity is concentrated in large cities and suburban areas. Furthermore, these areas large urban and suburban areas are more likely to report long-established gang activity. However, gang activity is spreading to smaller urban and rural areas. The spread of gang activity may be very significant because of the composition differences between established and newer gangs."
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Girl Gangs, 2007.
A look into a school intervention program for high school girls involved girl gangs.
5,176 words (approx. 20.7 pages), 36 sources, APA, $ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses research into North American youth gangs and suggests a basic intervention for senior public school girls involved in girl gangs. The paper focuses on explaining the vulnerabilities of girls when they're involved in gangs or associating with gang members and paper discusses urban youth gangs according to a systems approach borrowed from the study of North American families. In particular, the paper examines how the school has proven to be a place where parents or other adults can commence volunteer service towards protecting girls and their communities from gang influences. The paper also looks at how school-based interventions for young people tend to attract concerned adults who can make strong everyday contributions to 'reclaiming' their areas while aiding youths involved in gangs.
Outline:
Introduction
The Problem
Significance
Review of Literature
A School or Community Centre Intervention
Presenting Materials
Responding to Questions on Girl Gangs
Including Adults
Discussion
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Alarm at the crack cocaine culture of often violent youth gangs began in the mid-1980s, at first, failing to address the reality of girls as opposed to gang-involved boys, but by the time of the 1990s national assessment of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) program, it was known that girls should be addressed as a distinct entity, that one could not refer to generic young people. (Ramsey Et Al: 2003, Williams Et Al: 2002, Esbensen & Osgood: 1999) Girls are threatened by gang membership because their experiences of gang life differ from those of most boys in the presence of a very sexist subculture. "
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Female Gangs, 2007.
This paper discusses the differences in behavior between male and female gangs.
1,603 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper explores gangs, with a focus on female gangs and the behavioral differences between male and female gangs. The paper also provides evidence that although female gang behavior may be less violent, it is still a cause for social concern.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Gang Overview
Female Gangs
Differences in Behaviors Between Male and Female Gangs
Female Gangs: Still a Cause for Social Concern
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Early on, sociologists and the media portrayed gangs as groups of deviants who were not clearly in violation of any laws, but were considered to be in violation of folkways. However, today the term "gang" conjures entirely different images. Instead of a group of boys hanging out on a corner, gangs today bring forth images of lawless groups, images that cause people to feel angry or fearful. Today, gangs are most often thought to be involved in violent crime and drug-related activities. "In other words, gangs have become to be viewed as groups of individuals involved in illicit or illegal drug-dealing accompanied by violence" ("Youth gang", n.d.)."
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Prison Gangs, 2005.
An examination of the phenomenon of prison gangs in American correctional institutions.
714 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
Prison gangs are prevalent in today's penitentiaries. Centered on race and ethnicity, many have become powerfully entrenched in the American prison system. They are described as chronic, serious, criminal organizations. However, relatively little attention has been given to this crisis. This paper overviews prison gangs in the American prison system. It discusses the effects gangs have on inmates, the relationship between prison gangs and street gangs and the effects prison gangs have on prison control.
From the Paper
"When a male prison first enters the prison system, it is more likely than not that he will join a prison gang. This happens both voluntarily and involuntarily. In so doing, this gang becomes his family. He then "works towards the gang's antisocial goals" . If, for whatever reason, the new inmate is not suitable to gang life, he is often then the prey of gang members. Those who do not submit to becoming a gang member or who are not wanted by the gangs are often at danger. Other gang member inmates continuously terrorize these inmates. They are often "exploited and dominated by the gang". This can lead to injury, and in some instances, inmate death."
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Gangs, Drugs and Violence, 2007.
An analysis of the association between gangs, drugs and violence in the United States.
1,533 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the relationship between gangs, drugs and violence in the United States. It describes the history of gangs in the US and the history of their association with drugs and violence. The paper then analyzes the reasons behind this association and how it is affecting society in the US. The paper concludes that gangs are growing organizations in the United States.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Gangs in the United States
Gangs and Violence
Gangs and Drugs
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The research indicates that gangs are growing organizations in the United States. Currently there is no the country that is not affected by gangs, and it is the school systems that are the targeted home of many gang groups. Gangs elect to focus on schools because of the large youth population that is attracted to drugs and that contains new members for their organizations. The attraction to drugs is significant for gangs because drug activity is the primary source of income for American gangs, which also leads to the violent acts that gang members commit. These violent acts occur because of the gang's desire to protect their "turf" in most cases. When a gang member believes that other rival gangs may be selling or producing drugs in their own area, gang members retaliate with "drive-bys" or other acts of violence. Additionally, the violent acts mat occur because of the gang's desire to collect money that will either support their operation, or buy drugs that the gang members will use themselves. In the modern era gangs are becoming more organized in their drug related activities, producing and importing many of the drugs that they sell on the street. As their businesses grow, so does the violence that is believed to be required to protect their organizations."
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Law Enforcement Policies Regarding Juvenile Gangs, 2006.
An analysis of the effectiveness of law enforcement policies regarding juvenile gangs in the United States.
3,500 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the need for effective law enforcement policies in the U.S. regarding juvenile gangs rather than the present policies which have arisen out of research that has been sensationalized or misinterpreted to the point that it is meaningless for law enforcement agencies or policymakers to use in formulating effective interventions or other relevant programs. The paper proposes that policies for dealing with juvenile gangs should be guided by questions looking at the reality of the juvenile gang problem in the United States today, the incidence of violence associated with gang memberships and the impact the definition of "juvenile" has on gang members who enter the juvenile justice system in the U.S. Additionally, the paper asserts that development of policies on juvenile gangs must be guided by questions looking at which law enforcement programs and community initiatives have proven effective in reducing the incidence of gang membership and violence in inner cities and whether or not juveniles can be prevented from joining gangs in the first place. The study proposes to use an action research methodology to answer the questions raised in the paper.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Historical Perspective
Statement of the Problem
Proposed Future Direction
Summary
From the Paper
"This renewed interest in juvenile justice policy generally and in highly punitive interventive measures specifically has taken place in spite of a growing body of research that indicates the incidence for most types of juvenile offending have remained relatively stable over the past 20 years; in fact, the majority of crimes that are committed by juvenile offenders are property offenses such as theft and vandalism rather than violent personal crimes. According to Wolcott, the rates of property offenses decreased during the period 1974 and 1984, but increased slowly between 1985 and 1991 (these rates still did not reach the 1974 levels, though). This author reports that property crime arrest rates have actually remained constant since 1992, but juveniles were responsible for 20 percent to 25 percent of all property offenses committed in the United States annually between 1981 and 1995 (U.S. Department of Justice, 1996)."
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