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Gang Involvement, 2005.
Presents a literature review on gang involvement and a research design to show that gang activities can result from a long list of reasons.
4,700 words (approx. 18.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
Gang involvement among teenagers is a well-researched topic of interest. Themes such as age of participation, reasons for gang involvement, demographics for gang relations, initiation rights, and family relations among gang members have all been studied and examined in current literature. The first section of this paper presents an overall view of that literature and discusses those studies and their findings. The second section of the paper presents a research plan with the hypothesis that gang activities are complex in nature and can result from many different influences. The study examines the relationship between gang activities and the independent variables and summarizes the methods and procedures used in this study. The paper includes tables.
From the Paper
"Arthur and Erickson (1992) found similar results when they identified four factors that are associated with gang involvement in schools. When youths experience a sense of isolation, they tend to seek others that can relate to them. Additionally, gang members tend to target these youths for membership. The isolated youths feel a need to gain control over their areas, especially in high population school systems, where there is more competition and less likelihood to stand out in sports or other school sponsored activities. In lower income areas, the lack of social structure within the school systems lends to the alienation of youths, and increases even further the likelihood of gang involvement (Arthur and Erickson, 1992)."
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Gangs and Gang Warfare, 2003.
Discusses African-American and Latino young men's involvement in gangs.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Discusses the nature of gangs. Examines why children and teenagers join gangs. Considers children at-risk and gang involvement. Reviews and critiques five studies on gangs and violence, and discusses the methods of the studies.
From the Paper
"Over the last 20 years in the city of Los Angeles at least 10,000 African American and Latino young men have died due to gang activity and gang warfare (Vigil, 2002). As large as that figure is it is still only a portion of the deaths..."
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Stanley Williams' Gang Prevention Books, 2006.
This paper is a complete dissertation, which examines the impact of Stanley Williams' gang prevention books on pre-adolescent boys.
15,640 words (approx. 62.6 pages), 73 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that the purpose of this study was to determine how young people and their teachers perceived the Stanley Williams' gang prevention readers and their impact on their beliefs about gangs and people who join them. The author includes a critical review of the relevant literature and an analysis of the results of interviews with six students and teachers. The paper concludes that the research indicates the importance of providing young people with the information and tools they need to resist the temptation to become involved with gangs in the first place and to help them recognize the potential adverse consequence associated with these groups. The paper includes data tables and questionnaires.
Table of Contents:
The Problem
Introduction
Problem Background
Literature Review
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Limitations/Delimitations
Definitions
Importance of the Study
Review of Literature
Introduction
Risk Factors for Gang Involvement
Anti-Social Behavior
Protective Factors from Gang Involvement
Approaches to Prevention and Intervention
Types of Prevention Strategies
Prevention Approaches using Literature 2
Summary
Methodology
Introduction
Research Questions
Methodology
Participants
Instrumentation
Assumptions or Limitations
Procedures
Data Analysis
Findings
Introduction
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
Children's Parental Permission Form
Request for Parental Involvement
Request for Teacher Involvement
Student Questionnaire
Parent Questionnaire
Teacher Questionnaire
Verbal Script for Students' Assent
From the Paper
"The average age for youth to become involved with a gang is between twelve to seventeen years. There is an increasing movement toward recruitment of elementary school aged youth. A contributing factor to this is that gang members know that states do not routinely prosecute younger children. This is a way for gang members to involve youth in their illegal activities, in an effort to remain out of jail. The younger children are extremely motivated to gain the approval of older male gang members, who they see as role models. It is increasingly necessary, then, that gang prevention education begins with elementary school age children."
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Girl Gangs, 2007.
A look into a school intervention program for high school girls involved girl gangs.
5,176 words (approx. 20.7 pages), 36 sources, APA, $ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses research into North American youth gangs and suggests a basic intervention for senior public school girls involved in girl gangs. The paper focuses on explaining the vulnerabilities of girls when they're involved in gangs or associating with gang members and paper discusses urban youth gangs according to a systems approach borrowed from the study of North American families. In particular, the paper examines how the school has proven to be a place where parents or other adults can commence volunteer service towards protecting girls and their communities from gang influences. The paper also looks at how school-based interventions for young people tend to attract concerned adults who can make strong everyday contributions to 'reclaiming' their areas while aiding youths involved in gangs.
Outline:
Introduction
The Problem
Significance
Review of Literature
A School or Community Centre Intervention
Presenting Materials
Responding to Questions on Girl Gangs
Including Adults
Discussion
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Alarm at the crack cocaine culture of often violent youth gangs began in the mid-1980s, at first, failing to address the reality of girls as opposed to gang-involved boys, but by the time of the 1990s national assessment of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) program, it was known that girls should be addressed as a distinct entity, that one could not refer to generic young people. (Ramsey Et Al: 2003, Williams Et Al: 2002, Esbensen & Osgood: 1999) Girls are threatened by gang membership because their experiences of gang life differ from those of most boys in the presence of a very sexist subculture. "
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Youth and Gangs, 2004.
An essay on Louis Rodriguez' book, "Always Running" and the reasons he gives for youth involvement in gang life.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This essay analyzes Louis Rodriguez' book, "Always Running", which discusses why minority youths often involve themselves in gangs, drug abuse, and crime, and what influences enabled Rodriguez to spare himself such a fate.
From the Paper
"The reasons that Luis Rodriguez got into a gang are quite similar to the reasons that many minority and marginalized youths participate in gangs. Overcrowded, crime-ridden, drug-filled, poverty-afflicted neighborhoods that lack decent opportunities for education, employment and socialization typically act as pull factors for gang membership. The issues of education, employment, minority status, immigration and others take a toll on the self-worth of many individuals. Faced with a lack of opportunities, many find drug-dealing and self-destructive behaviors the one sure way of fitting in to such..."
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Youth Gangs, 2006.
This paper examines the increase in gangs and gang related violence in America, as well as the available programs and strategies to combat this growing problem.
1,170 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The writer of this informative paper details the growing number of gangs and membership to gangs which have become a public security threat that communities are now recognizing that must be addressed. This paper supplies relevant statistics and data relating to gangs and various acts of gang violence. Approximately half of all youth gang members are 18 years or older and thus more likely to become involved in serious and violent crimes than younger gang members. This paper discusses the spread of gangs across America. While gangs have been a problem in L.A. for years, and account for roughly 50% of the city's murders, gangs are now responsible for 41% of the homicides in Omaha, Nebraska. This paper details the various preventative measures and programs available to curtail this growing problem. The writer contends and explains why preventing adolescents from joining gangs seems to be the most cost-effective long-term strategy. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms has implemented a school-based gang prevention program that has shown positive preliminary results. The writer of this paper stresses the need for communities to organize a collaborative approach to gang problems from the outset rather than beginning with a predominantly suppression strategy.
From the Paper
"Since 1980, the United States has witnessed a rapid proliferation of youth gangs. According to a 1998 Juvenile Justice Bulletin, there were roughly 286 gang jurisdictions with some 2,000 gangs and approximately 100,000 gang members in 1980. By 1996, there were some 4,800 jurisdictions with more than 31,000 gangs and an estimated 846,000 gang members. In an eleven-city survey of eighth graders, researchers found than nine percent were currently gang members, while seventeen percent stated they had belonged to a gang at some point in their lives. Other studies show similar percentages and also indicated that gang members were responsible for a large proportion of violent offenses."
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Gangs on the Street and in Prison, 2006.
An overview of the gang problem in the United States and the relationship between gangs on the street and gangs in prison.
2,779 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates gang life on the streets and gang life in prisons and looks at the relationship between these two types of gang membership. The paper also looks at trends in gang membership, the primary reasons that youth join gangs, societal factors contributing to gang membership, and the feeling of family that gangs provide many youth. The paper also includes interviews of youths from street gangs and prison gangs and concludes that prison life is merely an extension of gang life for many of the youth that are behind bars.
From the Paper
"The problem from the law enforcement angle is: "who is in charge?" There is a see-saw effect between the government or various governmental agencies and the parents. Of course, the focus is on dysfunctional families, frequently one-parent, over-burdened, poverty-stricken families. There are two choices for society: to completely turn their back, as is happening all too often, is to do something to provide an opportunity and a look at a better future for disillusioned, frustrated, angry juvenile offenders."
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Antidote for Gangs, 2007.
This paper suggests that a lack of emotional connections is the reason why children join gangs.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that the future of society depends on our children's achievement today. However, the writer notes that some children do not get the opportunities they need in order to achieve success. Further, the writer discusses that a disorderly environment is not conducive to good citizenship, good health, or emotional balance.
Looking at the film "Boyz in the Hood', the writer notes that typically, society responds to the problems of youth by constructing some sort of program to meet the individual problem (such as teen pregnancy or gang involvement).
From the Paper
"Such programs may have limited value, however, because they simply treat the problem and not the whole person. Society itself doesn't change. Moreover, children "at risk" are more than their problems--they are whole human beings with infinite potential. They need adults to believe in their potential and not treat them as though their problems were all that is important about them. A child like Darrin in the film whose mother hates him for some reason and who has no father to show him how to be a man is not simply vulnerable to gang membership and delinquency. His whole situation--his lovelessness and the ugliness of his environment--needs to be addressed."
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Perspectives on Gang Related Behaviour., 2008.
A review of the causes of behaviour and activity in criminal gangs.
1,974 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses three explanations for the behaviour of gangs in society and notes that their behaviour is composed of a complex of social, cultural and psychological contributory components. The paper relates that increases in gang incidences appear as a result of social, cultural and economic activity and that evidence shows that gang involvement is a socio-economical phenomenon and should be dealt with in this category. The paper further investigates the psychological point of view and gives explanation and understanding for this type of activity and suggests that only a criminal justice policy can correct these types of behaviour.
From the Paper
"Gangs have been the subject of detailed scholarly analysis for almost a century, with this analysis tending almost from the beginning to recognize gangs not simply as a criminal justice problem, or an example of disturbed youth, but rather as a form of social organization that develops in response to a range of specific social, economic and cultural stimuli, and actually comprises a spectrum of behaviours which - although often deviant and anti-social - nonetheless represent a logical response to these stimuli."
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Gang Banging in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 2006.
A discussion of gangs and gang related activities in the city of Pittsburgh.
2,079 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper describes and discusses the approach to gangs and gang related activities taken by the citizens and leaders of Pittsburgh. The paper explains how their approach was effective in finding resolutions to the gang problem because they had the the foresight to recognize that gang activity would only become a larger problem if not dealt with in an open and forthright manner. The paper also suggests that the approach is one that should be modeled in other cities where gangs and gang activity is a problem.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Report of 110 Jurisdictions on Gangs
The Pittsburgh Solution
Involving the Community
Conclusions
From the Paper
"From the latest figures available from the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) one finds some rather startling facts and figures concerning so-called "Gang-banging," as reported by the police and community agencies of the 79 major cities and 43 smaller cities in the United States of America. Some - but by no means all - of the key issues concerning gang activity are difficult to obtain because of variations within reporting jurisdictions. For example, what constitutes a gang and gang-related incidents are a problem in the overwhelming majority of large and small U. S. cities surveyed."
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Gangs, 2002.
An insight to the sociology of gangs and gang warfare.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper aims to provide a basic understanding of the sociology of gangs, including the definition of gangs, the main reasons for joining gangs, sociological characteristics commonly found in gang members, behavior of gangs and the impact of gangs on today?s society. According to guidelines, a gang is best defined as a group of youths that commit crimes and identifies with other members of the gang for this purpose. It discusses the conflict theory, that the juvenile becomes a delinquent individual due to conflicts and strain theory, that people are socialized to desire a cultural goal but denied the means to reach it and addresses how these theories can be applied to society.
From the Paper
"According to Merton?s strain theory, gang members are products of their society. Different social classes have distinct styles of crime due to differential access to institutionalized means of achieving socially acceptable goals. Therefore, youths that are economically and socially challenged do not have equal opportunities to financial success. Therefore, they may be more drawn into certain crimes than youths that have had better opportunities. "
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The Gang Family, 2002.
Examining theories which relate to gangs being substitute families for its members, and what attracts members to gangs.
4,734 words (approx. 18.9 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
The proposed research examines whether young boys are attracted to gangs because they meet needs which are not met by their families. The study first presents a review of the pertinent research. The first section of the review discusses the basic nature of gangs. The second section examines literature related to the thesis that gangs meet needs that are unmet by gang members' families. The third and final section of the review develops conclusions about gangs and the needs thesis. The study tests the "traditional family" theory of gang attraction. Specifically, the study determines whether or not gangs serve as a substitute for traditional families in terms of meeting the needs of these children and adolescents who compose its membership by collecting data from high school males who are gang members to find out if they perceive the gang as meeting those basic needs that tend to be met by family. Further, in an effort to get additional insight into gang members' perceptions of the gang, meeting their needs, some comparisons is made between their perceptions and those of their non-gang counterparts.
From the Paper
"This study focuses on gangs that fall within the scope of the last provided definition. Prior to the early 1800s, no gangs fitting this definition could be found in America. However, from the beginning of the European settlement in America, there was gang-like activity, especially as class distinctions developed (Olen, 1991). Gang members tended to be from the poorer classes and were typically composed of members of the same race or ethnic backgrounds.
These early gangs banded together for protection or financial gain. In the 19th century, criminally-oriented gangs were first formed. These gangs were formed as the result of a worsening economy and a growing population that increased competition for jobs; soon, gangs began to specialized in crime and became a part of America's cities (Quicker, 1983)."
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Gangs, 2002.
The differences between prison gangs and street gangs.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 11 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper gives an overview of the differences between prison and street gangs in the United States.
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Youth Gangs in Schools, 2002.
This paper is a literature review of youth gangs in schools, focusing on a historical overview, characteristics and traits of youth gang members and prevention of youth gang membership and activity.
6,020 words (approx. 24.1 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although youth gang activities in schools continue to increase, intensify and spread to small towns and rural areas, youth gangs are not new. The author believes that,when institutions and moral visions fail, then individuals will try to manufacture structures to replace them; in the case of youth gangs, the creators of these structures are young people, with little experience of the world and little knowledge of alternatives. This paper points out that a common sign of gang activity moving into the neighborhood or into the region of the school is graffiti, which is one of the most common ways for gangs to communicate, identify their turf, issue challenges and attract other adherents.
Table of Contents
Background
Organization of Review
Historical Overview
Characteristics and Traits
Prevention
Rationale for Study
Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper
"This is an important historical development, representing the extension of gang behavior and gang culture into new regions of the country and with new styles. While the gangs may have begun in imitation of such gangs as the Crips and Bloods, and may still wear typical gang clothing and paraphernalia, they are more of an organization of those youth who are prone to violence and delinquent behavior than they are instances of ethnic turf battles. Again, another movie might be helpful in thinking about these kinds of gangs. The movie Grease portrayed a certain class of young teen-agers who had clothing, culture, and behaviors in common. Yet, they were not seen as youth gangs, but as a faction or clique within the overall high school environment. In 1999, however, these greasers are more likely to be organized into youth gangs of the type identified in Puyallup. They have borrowed some of the behavior and culture from the urban gangs, become more organized, and engaged in more conflict between groups. They tend to harass and intimidate the other students."
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The Five Points Gangs, 2005.
A history of gangs in the U.S. with a focus on the Five Points Gangs.
2,266 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at gangs in America starting with the most famous gangs of the 1800s. The paper then delves into the deeper issues about who is typically attracted to gangs, different aspects of gang culture, and the most common gang crimes. The paper also looks at notorious gangs that existed in the Five Points region of New York and explains that the film "Gangs of New York" in many ways misrepresented the criminal activities of the Five Points Gangs.
From the Paper
"Unfortunately, gangs have been around on this earth as long as humans. In the 1800's, the United States was enthralled with the activities of gangs and gangsters such as the James Gang and Billy the Kid. As new immigrants arrived in America, the makeup of these gangs started to change. Irish gangs like the Whyos, Dead Rabbits and Plug Uglies, and Jewish ones including the Monk Eastman Gang, terrorized New York City streets. The most disreputable was called the Five Points Gang, because of its location in the Five Points Section or Bowery of Lower Manhattan. First led by Italian immigrant, Paolo Antonini Vaccarelli, the Five Points Gang later added such infamous hoodlums as Al "Scarface" Capone and Lucky Luciano. Today, the number of gang members in the U.S. is estimated at over one million. Although these groups are larger in urban areas such as Los Angeles, Chicago and New York, they are growing consistently in suburban locations as well. Many of these gang members are proud to consider themselves the mafia of the new millennium. Gangs often boast the largest numbers in poor areas, due to other social ills that go hand-in-hand with this poverty such as violence, substance abuse, low education attainment and psychological despair. Such characteristics surely sum up the Five Point Area in the late 1800s as well as parts of Los Angeles where gangs reap havoc today."
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