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The Function of the Federal Open Market Committee, 2000.
An explanation of the Federal Open Market Committee and its function in regulating the American economy, especially in the late 1990s.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 2 sources, $ 43.95
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From the Paper
"The FOMC holds eight regularly scheduled meetings per year to direct the conduct of open market operations by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York in a manner designed to foster the long-run objectives of price stability and sustainable economic growth. The FOMC also establishes policy relating to System operations in the foreign exchange markets."
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Federal Reserve Open Market, 2001.
This paper looks at the events at the Federal Reserve Open Market committee meeting in October 2000.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the reasons why the Federal Reserve Open Market Committee at its October 2000 meeting decided to leave the Federal Funds Rate target (and by extension the money supply target) unchanged as well as looking at what might have prompted the Fed Open Market Committee to increase the Federal Funds Rate or Discount Rate as well as what might have prompted them to decrease the Federal Funds Rate or Discount Rate ? and what other actions might have accompanied either an increase or decrease.
From the paper:
"To understand the Fed?s decision in October it is necessary to understand how the office functions in general. As the central banking authority of the United States, the Federal Reserve acts as a fiscal agent for the U.S. government; it also serves as custodian of the reserve accounts of commercial banks, makes loans to commercial banks, and is authorized to issue Federal Reserve notes that constitute the entire supply of paper currency of the country. The system comprises the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the 12 Federal Reserve banks, the Federal Open Market Committee, the Federal Advisory Council, and, a Consumer Advisory Council along with several thousand member banks. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System determines the reserve requirements of the member banks within statutory limits, reviews and determines the discount rates established by the 12 Federal Reserve banks, and reviews the budgets of the reserve banks."
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Open Market Operations of the Federal Reserve System, 2002.
A paper analyzing the Open Market Operations of the Federal Reserve Board (Fed), and other aspects of U.S. monetary policy.
1,358 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by describing the functions of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). It then looks at reasons for the Fed's historical preference for open market operation as a main tool of monetary policy and discusses three primary tools of monetary control. The writer also explains why the Fed does not utilize reserve requirements or the discount rate as part of its strategy and finally presents the strengths and weaknesses of the three tools of monetary policy.
From the Paper
"To many Americans, it may appear that U.S. monetary policy is the work of one man, Alan Greenspan, Chairman, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Board (?The Fed?). But that is only because Dr. Greenspan, while certainly an extremely powerful and influential person, is just the most visible of a number of powerful and influential individuals serving on important boards. In the background, out of the limelight, are many other key players, including members of the Federal Open market Committee (FMOC) (which Dr. Greenspan also chairs)."
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Functionalism and Neo-Functionalism, 2005.
This paper compares the ideas of functionalism and neo-functionalist schools in international relations.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 6 sources, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper defines functionalism and neo-functionalism in international relations. The author includes references to these ideas and the work of David Mitrany and Jean Monnet.
From the Paper
"The political theory known as functionalism refers to that policy of shifting responsibility for resolving problems from the nation-state to international bodies indirectly by ..."
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Open Source and Open Standards in Ecommerce, 2007.
An in-depth look at the use of open source solutions and standards in the world of e-commerce.
4,190 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews, evaluates and discusses the emergence and use of open source solutions and standards. The paper reviews the importance, benefits and pitfalls of open source solutions and critically evaluates the future. The paper is written in a two-column format.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
The Wonder Years
The Market For OSS
The Public and Private Sectors
Open-Source-A-Me, The Enterprise Structure
Why Open Source Me? Pros, Cons and The Future
Benefits
The Future
From the Paper
"MySQL is the overall leader in Open Source databases with over 5 million active installations across the globe and is by the one of the most successful Open Source solutions."
"It is one of the few Open Source software solutions that are available under the dual-license model as it is available both for under GPL and commercial license. MaxDB, which has it's origins as a commercial DB software solution was developed as a result of an alliance between MySQL and SAP to form a market leading enterprise solution, which is capable of running high-end mission-critical applications."
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The Federal Reserve System, 2004.
A description of the function and the history of the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, and the Federal Reserve banks.
1,910 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Federal Reserve System, which originated by Congressional passage of the Federal Reserve Act in 1913. It shows how it is also known as ?the Fed? and how it includes a Board of Governors and twelve Federal Reserve banks in major cities across the U.S., which effectively divides the U.S. into regions. It looks at how it plays a multi-faceted, predominant role in the monetary policy affecting our economy.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Historical Background
Federal Reserve Act of 1913
The Banking Act of 1933
The 1950s and Beyond
Purpose
Funding
Board of Governors
Federal Reserve Banks
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The ?Fed? supported the Treasury?s fiscal policy goals from its founding to the years following World War II primarily. In the 1970s, the inflation rate went ballistic as producer and consumer prices rose, oil prices soared and the Federal deficit more than doubled (U.S. Banking). The Monetary Control Act of 1980, required the Fed to price its financial services competitively against private sector providers and to establish reserve requirements for all eligible financial institutions (U.S. Banking). The Act marked the beginning of yet another period of banking reforms. Following its passage, interstate banking grew, and banks began offering interest-paying accounts and instruments to attract customers from brokerage firms. Momentum for change increased, and by 1999, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act was passed."
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Federalism Versus Neo-Functionalism, 1999.
This essay seeks to establish the extent to which the theories of federalism and neo-functionalism are different and similar to each other.
3,410 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper gives a comprehensive understanding of the application and theory-building nature of federalism versus neo-functionalism. The two theories are compared and contrasted for their similarities and differences, along with arguments about which theory is more influential to international organizations, as they have developed over the years. The U.N., E.U., NAFTA and CARICOM among others are mentioned as the analysis in the paper spans the developed and developing world.
From the Paper
"Both neo-functionalism and federalism are integration theories, which developed in the light of the European experience particularly after World War II, with federalism emerging first and neo-functionalism shortly after. With respect to neo-functionalism, an operational definition was given by M. Robert Shuman, embodied within a quotation in an outlined plan for the European Union. It was formerly called the Coal and Steel Union. He stated that: "Europe will not be made all at once, or according to a single general plan. It will be built through concrete achievements which first create a de facto solidarity...the pooling of coal and steel production will immediately provide for the setting up of common bases for economic development as a first step in the federation of Europe". Carl Friedrich, on the other hand, described federalism as: "A kind of constitutional order. The function it serves is to restrain the power wielded by the inclusive community and those in it..."."
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The SEC's Blue Ribbon Committee on Improving Audit Committees, 2002.
This paper is an examination of the report of the SEC's Blue Ribbon Committee on Improving Corporate Audit Committee Effectiveness.
2,330 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper is the examination of findings of the Security and Exchange Commission's (SEC), Blue Ribbon Committee (BRC) that was formed in September of 1998 to address concerns about various accounting practices. The committee's report, detailing their ten recommendations and the results they hoped to achieve, are examined in detail. The report was issued in February 1999, an since then several rules, regulations and standards have been enacted in the spirit of the committee's recommendations.
From the Paper
"The Blue Ribbon Committee's report entitled Report and Recommendations of the Blue Ribbon Committee on Improving the Effectiveness of Corporate Audit Committees was issued in February 1999 and consisted of two sections (Grant Thorton). First, ten recommendations for actions to be taken by regulatory or standard setting bodies, such as the AICPA, SEC, NYSE, and NASD were presented (Grant Thorton). Second, five guiding principles for best practices that may be used by companies as building blocks in developing audit committee processes and practices were discussed (Grant Thorton). "
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The Federal Reserve Board, 2004.
An overview of the history and function of the Federal Reserve Board.
1,667 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces the topic of the Federal Reserve Board. It looks at how the Federal Reserve Board is an integral part of the Federal Reserve System of the United States and how it creates and maintains much of the monitorial policy of the nation. The board members are responsible for the monetary health and security of the country and, therefore, shoulder a huge responsibility to the country and to the people.
Outline
Introduction
The Early Fed
The Banking Act of 1935
The Fed's Power
Alan Greenspan's Influence
What's Ahead For the Fed
From the Paper
"The Fed controls finances in the United States and abroad in a number of complex ways from interest rates to the global banking industry. In fact, its name stems from the fact that member banks must keep some of their deposits in "reserve" to ensure fiscal health, and this reserve is often held by the Federal Reserve Banks across the nation. Banks who do not keep enough reserves face stiff penalties from the System (Martin 159). This is just one area where the Fed exerts its vast powers over the nation's banks, and ultimately the nation's economic health and well being."
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Power of the Federal Reserve in Monetary Policy, 1992.
A discussion of the roles and functions of the Federal Reserve in formulating the nation's monetary policy.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
" In order to discuss how monetary policy should be conducted in the U.S. it is first necessary to briefly summarize the unique power of the Federal Reserve and policy prescriptions suggested by alternative schools of thought. The foundation of the power of the Federal Reserve comes from its unique role in controlling the nation's supply of "base money;" the sum total of the currency in the hands of the public and the reserves that banks are legally required to hold to bank their deposits. Banks can withdraw their reserves in the form of cash, or deposit cash with the Fed to add to their reserves. But the total quantity of base money cannot be changed except by the Fed's action. (Woolley, 1984)
By injection or withdrawing base money from the system the Fed has immense influence over the economy. If the Fed puts more cash in - which it usually does by buying U.S. government debt..."
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The Federal Reserve, 2002.
This paper discusses the Federal Reserve, the central bank of the United States, which is charged with steering the monetary policies of the country.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the history and function of the Federal Reserve, one of the two most important central banks in the world, along with the Bank of Japan. The paper explains the real policy-making body for the Federal Reserve is the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), which fixes the federal-funds rate, or the rate at which banks lend to one another, and decides monetary growth targets. The author states that the Federal Reserve is an independent entity, though there are those who doubt that it is as politically insulated as it is supposed to be.
From the Paper
"The Federal Reserve System was formed by an act of Congress in 1913 and was to function as a central bank for the government and the people of the United States. In these functions, the Federal Reserve remains one of the most powerful institutions in American society, influencing the growth of the money supply, affecting interest rates, and playing a large roll in the pace and direction of spending by every citizen and every business. In addition to the 12 district banks, there are some 5,500 private member banks in the Federal Reserve System. Member banks elect six of the nine directors of their district bank, and they in turn recommend some of the people who sit on the two committees in Washington to make or advise on policy for the entire system."
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Federal Reserve System, 2006.
A look at the US Federal Reserve System.
935 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the U.S. Federal Reserve, the country's Central Bank that performs several key roles in the functioning of the economy. According to the paper, some of the functions of the Federal Reserve are conducting the country's monetary policy, supervision and regulation of its banking system, and issuance of the national currency.
Outline:
Key Roles of the Federal Reserve and its Structure
How the Federal Reserve Implements the Monetary Policy
Impact of Fed's Actions During the Last 20 Years
Assessment of the Efficacy of the Fed's Actions
Appropriate Actions for the Fed in 2006
From the Paper
"The Fed structure consists of seven members of the Board of Governors, a Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), twelve regional Federal Reserve District Banks, and their member banks. At the top of the structure is the Board of Governors, appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Board is headed by its Chairman, who is also appointed by the President from among the 7 Governors. The FOMC consists of the seven members of the Board of Governors and five representatives selected from the Federal Reserve Banks. The twelve, privately-owned regional Federal Reserve Banks are located in major cities throughout the country; each Bank covering a designated "District." At the base of the Fed structure are the member commercial banks, which consist of all federally chartered banks. (Johannes, 2006)"
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Federal Budget Process, 2004.
An in-depth analysis of the federal budget process.
4,946 words (approx. 19.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the functioning of the federal budget process and explores the barriers involved. The paper explains that federal budgeting can also be split up into its basic standards of activity and measurement. The expenditure process involves three different stages of budget authorization, obligation, and outlays. The paper discusses the various parties involved in decision-making regarding the federal budget from Congress to the president. The laws pertinent to the federal budget process are presented in the paper. The paper contends that the federal budgetary procedure is required to endorse specific and apparent information on budgetary alternatives, to provide the lawmakers with a structure for arriving at agreeable conclusions on expenditure and receipt strategies, and to facilitate those policies to be implemented.
From the Paper
"As is with any complicated strategy, the federal budgeting can also be split up into its basic standards of activity and measurement. The expenditure process involves three different stages of budget authorization, obligation and outlays. The Budget authority is bestowed by the Congress and President within the legal framework. It generates the legal base for federal units to make the financial responsibilities enforceable in terms of the obligations. The activities of the federal agencies in form of executing contracts, appointment of personnel and executing orders for goods and services give rise to generation of such obligations. The outlays follow when the obligations are settled down. The outlays are normally in shape of the checks, electronic fund transfers and other payments effected to by the Treasury Branch. The budget authorities mostly are provided to the agencies every year being excerpted from the legislations made during the previous Congresses. The funds are provided without the legislation by the Congress. (Keith, 1996)"
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The Federal Reserve Board, 2005.
This paper discusses the Federal Reserve Board, a primary part of the Federal Reserve System of the United States and its effect on the economy of the United States.
1,465 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that, in 1913, the Federal Reserve System, an integral part of the United States economy, was created by the Federal Reserve Act to deter the periods of financial panics, which were occurring in the United States. The author points out that managing the nation's monetary policy is the most important responsibility of the Board of Governors. The Board has three tools to conduct monetary policy: open market operations, reserve requirements, and the discount rate. The paper relates that the increase in the federal funds rate is the Federal Reserve's way of controlling inflation because, by raising the cost of borrowing money when there is too much money in circulation, the Federal Reserve's intention is to slow the economy down.
Table of Contents
Introduction
History
The Federal Reserve Board
Responsibilities of the Federal Reserve Board
The Fed and the United States Economy Today
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Federal Reserve Board was established as a federal government agency and is the governing element of the Federal Reserve System. The Federal Reserve Board, or the "Board of Governors," is made up of seven members who are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Once confirmed by the Senate, the length of a term for a Board member is four-teen years. No Board member may be reappointed to the board. Every four years a new Chairman and Vice Chairman are also appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate."
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Federal Reserve, 2006.
An analysis of the Federal Reserve in America and its responsibilities.
2,572 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the Federal Reserve in America. It discusses the origin of the Federal Reserve, the management liability of Federal Reserve Banks. It goes on to explain the Emergency Banking Act. It then enumerates the functions of the Federal Reserve and its responsibilities, as well as its primary objectives.
From the Paper
"The Emergency Banking Act was passed on March 9 that could fetch the executive branch necessary authority of the banks and authority to restart banks in proper condition. Other banking Acts were also passed by the Congress inclusive of the Banking Act of 1935 that revolutionized the organization, structure and objective of the Federal Reserve System. A President was created to replace the duality of roles with regard to the Agent and Governor. On December 7, 1941, United States was steered into the World War II with the bombing of Pearl Harbor. With a view to financing war the Treasury Department resorted to issue of securities that were being sold to the public. This enhanced the paper work of Federal Reserve being the fiscal agent of the Treasury."
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