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"The Frontier Against Slavery" ( Eugene Berwanger ), 1999.
Reviews this work on the 19th Century struggle to prevent the spread of slavery to areas northwest of Ohio, California, the Plains states and the Pacific Northwest.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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Abstract
"The Frontier Against Slavery by Eugene Berwanger traces the l9th century struggle to prevent the extension of slavery in the areas Northwest of the Ohio, California, the Plains states, and the Pacific Northwest.
From the Paper
"The Frontier Against Slavery by Eugene Berwanger traces the l9th century struggle to prevent the extension of slavery in the areas Northwest of the Ohio, California, the Plains states, and the Pacific Northwest. History has documented the moral and economic issues behind the question of slavery and its extension.
Berwanger goes further and provides evidence that the resolution
of the "Negro Question" was fraught with deep racial hatred as
well. The prospect of residing in close proximity to free blacks,
who whites assumed would flock to their states to associate with black slaves, was a determining factor in the decision by nonslave states to reject the extension of slavery.
Supporters of slavery were extremely proactive in getting
state legislators to send petitions to Congress on the matter in
the area Northwest of the Ohio between 1787 1824. The main ..."
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Slavery in the 21st Century, 2008.
A look at the existence of slavery in the 21st century in its traditional form of absolute subservience by a slave to a master and in an oppressive economic form characterized by virtual, if not actual, slavery.
1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that human rights groups have documented the existence of traditional slavery in Sudan, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan and of coercive labor systems in several Middle East countries, which are so exploitative that they have been condemned as virtual economic slavery. The author points out that, although the Arabian Peninsula in 1964 became the world's last region to officially abolish slavery, forty years later Saudi Arabia still has more than two-hundred and fifty-thousand slaves. The paper relates that Islamic doctrine provides religious justification for slavery and enables slave traffickers to flout laws prohibiting it. The paper also asserts that, although slavery does not exists in the United States, millions of migrant workers are subjected to coercive conditions and abusive treatment that are little better than slavery.
From the Paper
"Consequently, in objective terms, a human being who is not free to leave and has no influence on the conditions or length of their economic servitude is a virtual slave. They may have civil rights, but if they are rendered powerless to defend those rights, they are enslaved in a coercive system they cannot defy. They do not have to be bought and sold to be considered a slave, for when they are rendered no effective legal protection by any civil or religious authorities, they are a slave in everything but name."
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A Study of the "Book of Philemon" and the Issue of Slavery, 2004.
Looks at the "Book of Philemon" and how it deals with slavery and the way slavery should be approached from a Christian perspective.
1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the three central characters of the "Book of Philemon" and analyzes the influence their Christianity had on the way they dealt with the social conflicts they encountered. In particular, the paper looks at how each of the characters handles the issue of slavery and its innate contradiction with ethical, moral, and Christian behavior.
From the Paper
"One of the major tenets of Christianity supports the belief that all individuals are the same in the eyes of God. This belief has to include slaves and the issue of slavery is the basic foundation for Paul?s letter to Philemon. Philemon was a wealthy Christian of Collosse who had at least one slave by the name of Onesimus. Onesimus apparently stole some money from Philemon and then ran away to Rome. (Halley 645) In Rome, Onesimus had an encounter with Paul, which eventually led to Onesimus? conversion. The problem that resulted as Onesimus? conversion and Paul?s solution to that problem is the heart of this brief letter."
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Racism and Slavery, 2005.
An examination of the history of slavery in America and an explanation why racism and slavery are clearly related.
1,221 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that racism can exist and foster an environment and an attitude that sanction an institution like slavery. However, slavery itself can and has brought out the worst in people, including undiscovered feelings of supremacy over another race. It discusses how slavery has engrained in people's minds the thought that since such a practice is allowable and even easy to maintain, it must be right. The paper concludes that this concept may imply a new idea that slavery encourages racism, in as much as racism establishes slavery.
From the Paper
"In investigating this concept, we turn towards the past United States enslavement of black people. This particular institution of slavery seems to be aligned perfectly with and idea of dual causality. Its establishment was based in economic possibilities, and was fostered by a division among races. The first element mentioned finds its roots in the Renaissance and Commercial Revolution of Europe. With the rise of towns, the increased centrality of interests in commercial activities, the focus on capital strength, and the fall of feudalism, Europe reinvented its societies to become much more competitive, and focus its attention on individual's prosperity. From England specifically, came the already established aristocrats who ventured to the open land of America to expand their wealth. To do so required a cultivation of the land. Agriculture was the main venue towards wealth, however the already wealthy were not going to perform their own labor. As such, people of lower social statuses searching for greater prosperity, who ventured to the open America, found an opportunity to prosper, by becoming an indentured servant to the wealthy landowner. These servants, who were primarily young white men, would work for a sustained period and at the end of their required servitude, they would be granted land of their own."
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American Black Slavery, 1973.
This paper reviews the origins of American slavery, conditions of slavery and blacks' service in the Union Army.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Unlike the Spanish, the English explorers brought no blacks with them on their expeditions to the New World. No blacks were present in the first English colonies in North America, neither in the lost colony of Sir Walter Raleigh, nor in the little settlement at Jamestown. It was 12 years after the founding of Jamestown that blacks first made their appearance there. In 1619, a Dutch ship, headed for the West Indies, dropped anchor. The captain was short of food and other provisions, and he wanted to exchange the blacks for supplies. He traded them not as slaves but as indentured workers, which meant that they had to work for a few years without pay. These 20 blacks became the first settlers from Africa to make their homes in an English colony. Five years later, in 1624, little William Tucker was born. He was the first black child to be born in what was to ... "
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"Slavery and Freedom in the Rural North".
This paper discusses G. R. Hodges's "Slavery and Freedom in the Rural North," which discusses issues of slavery and the Civil War in New Jersey.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that New Jersey was typical of states in the North that were not wholeheartedly anti-slavery, and yet had many activists who were bitterly opposed to slavery. The author points out that, in the 17th century, slaves were brought into New Netherland (New Jersey) from Jamaica, Barbados, Curacao, and Antigua. The slave population continued to grow, and in the 1790s, several "gradual emancipation" bills were voted down in the New Jersey legislature, albeit "popular opinion and party newspapers cautiously shifted" towards an anti-slavery position. The paper concludes that, after the end of legal slavery and for a century after the Civil War, there were still vestiges of the "paternalistic cottager system" in which African-Americans worked for whites on isolated farms, reflecting the continued bitterness of the Civil War.
Table of Contents
Introduction
New Jersey History of Slavery
The Civil War and New Jersey
From the Paper
"After the war, despite the heroism that many black soldiers displayed in defeating the South, "New Jersey's white population remained hostile" to the idea of giving blacks full citizen rights (p. 194). The author, in his Epilogue, explains why it was not easy to rid New Jersey of slavery notwithstanding federal law that demanded the end of slavery: he writes that slavery in Monmouth was not a "fad" which could be easily "forgotten," but to the contrary, it was "a custom two centuries in the making" (p. 203)."
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The Abolition of Slavery, 2006.
This paper analyzes the issue of slavery by focusing on the perspectives of a black slave woman, Harriet Jacobs and a white male preacher, Peter Cartwright.
1,448 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the differences in gender, race and social roles in 19th century American society that created the differing viewpoints of both Jacobs and Cartwright in opposing black slavery. In Jacob's autobiography, "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl," the author delves into her own personal account of what slavery had been for black women like her. Cartwright's "Autobiography of Peter Cartwright, Backwoods Preacher" illustrates his own perception of slavery through the eyes of a white American male. The writer contends and explains that while both authors were vehemently opposed to slavery, the two had very different opinions as to why slavery should be abolished. For Jacobs, slavery was a detriment to her life because she experienced sexual vulnerability and abuse whereas Cartwright considered the practice wrong due to the moral degeneration that occurred with the proliferation of adultery and unexpected pregnancies among black women slaves by their white masters.
From the Paper
"This paper posits that Jacobs and Cartwright's narratives about their opposition and experiences of black slavery reflect that despite their agreement on the detriments of this practice, both have different opinions about the 'wrongness' of black slavery. That is, for Jacobs, black slavery was a detriment to her life because she experienced sexual vulnerability and abuse, while Cartwright considered the practice immoral because of the moral degeneration that occurred with the proliferation of adultery and unexpected pregnancies among black women slaves by white American males. In "Incidents," Jacobs narrated her account of slavery based on her experience as a slave of a family in South Carolina."
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Slavery, 2002.
Examines the development of slavery in the United States, the type of culture fostered by slavery and the reasons for the success of the emancipation.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses how slavery developed and what kind of culture grew out of the institution. The paper then discusses how slavery was abolished and how and why the North succeeded in emancipating the slaves.
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The Social and Economic Institution of Slavery, 2002.
Examines the institution of slavery and compares it with Plato's perspective on slavery.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine some of the key parameters of the social and economic institution of slavery as it historically originated and compare these with Plato's theoretical understanding and justification of the practice particularly as this is presented in his Republic. .
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Slavery, 2004.
An analysis of slavery in the Southern United States of 19th century America.
1,213 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses ideas presented by the anti-slavery activist, Frederick Douglass, who wrote in active defense against Southern voices who defended slavery, like William Harper in "A Defense of Slavery" and Solon Robinson in "Blessings of Slavery". These writers saw it fit that inferior slaves work in bondage without a care for their own freedom. The paper examines how Southern slaveholders during the 19th century defended slavery by reasons of political, economic, moral, and social justification. Douglass's writings stressed the human, emotional, and moral costs of slavery.
From the Paper
"According to conventional wisdom today, 'everyone' knows that slavery is wrong, a human atrocity. But what seems obvious to us today as a moral and inhuman atrocity was not nearly so obvious to the eyes of individuals living in the Southern United States of 19th century America. In fact, anti-slavery activists such as Frederick Douglass had to write in active defense against Southern voices who would defend slavery, like William Harper and Solon Robinson, who saw it fit that inferior slaves work in bondage without a care for his or her own freedom. Robinson said that there would be nothing worse for slaves in America to be free, because they could not cope with freedom-a charge dismissed by Douglass' attempts to learn to read and write, and Stowe's depiction of Uncle Tom."
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White Slavery, 2008.
This paper discusses the issue of human trafficking and looks at the moral dilemma of white slavery.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that when speaking of slavery in twentieth century terms, this often refers to persons of European decent or "whites" being sold into involuntary servitude or slavery. The writer explains that white slavery encompasses a variety of methods and means, many of which are as equally inhumane or perhaps more so than traditional slavery. The writer notes that human trafficking is a lucrative business around the world and provides tremendous revenue for those performing the illegal acts. The writer then points out that the greatest argument by proponents for this type of illegal activity is the monetary gain of the activity, but these individuals fail or refuse to see the negative and potentially irreversible effects. The writer maintains that human slavery is not only mentally and physically detrimental but also signifies a breakdown in the morality of society. The writer concludes that although slavery was legally abolished in the nineteenth century, it is still around in the twentieth century and one must continue to work towards a society that is free from the misuse and mistreatment of others.
Outline:
Sexual Trafficking
Immigrants & Bonded Labor
Arranged Marriages
Illegal Adoption
Regulation
From the Paper
"Human trafficking and slavery takes place and a variety of economically advantageous areas. Every year people are sold into slavery or bondage for such despicable acts such as sexual trafficking, bonded labor, forced marriages and illegal adoptions. These issues are just the tip of the iceberg but are the most proliferate and common activities. At first glance many of these issues and activities seem to be legal, with individuals capable of making sound, logical decisions, but when one examines the true facts it appears that many of these situations have been accomplished through manipulation of the victims."
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Slavery, 2002.
A review of two articles on slavery "The Anatomy of Exploitation" and "Slavery: The Progressive Institution".
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper is a critical assessment and comparison of two related articles on slavery. The article by David and Temin is a critique of the first, and points out the serious problems in the first.
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Different Views of Slavery and the Reasons for Them, 2004.
This is a paper examining why the depictions of slavery are so different in Frederick Douglass's "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass", as compared to "Up From Slavery" by Booker T. Washington.
2,347 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This essay is a comprehensive discussion of the reasons why the depictions of slavery in these two books are so markedly different. The intended audience, time period the book was written, differing experiences of the respective authors, and other factors are identified and examined as reasons for this disparity.
From the Paper
"Booker T. Washington and Frederick Douglass were both former slaves in the south, and both reflected on their various life experiences in their autobiographical works. The format of these books is similar, but the content is vastly different. The Frederick Douglass work is a scathing attack on the institution of slavery, while Up From Slavery focuses less on the various evils of slavery and more on the methods by which African Americans could advance themselves in the post-slavery era. This fundamental difference, and others contained in the respective works, can be explained by many factors. Douglass spent much more of his life enslaved, and therefore may have had more insight than Washington into the realities of slavery. In addition, slavery was by no means a uniform institution, and in certain areas, may have been far worse and more severe than in others. Perhaps most importantly, however, the audiences for which these two works were intended are quite different, and as a result, the authors had to shape their arguments in dissimilar ways. Douglass? account was written before the abolition of slavery, and therefore, he aimed his book mainly towards northern white abolitionists. Washington wrote his book later, and for a much wider audience, including both northern and southern whites, as well as blacks. His dependence on whites for funding for his Tuskegee school, as well as his desire of support from the surrounding community made it much less advisable for him to publish a scathing attack on slavery as Douglass had."
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Slavery and Race Relations in Brazil and US, 2005.
Evaluates the institution of slavery in both Brazil and the US, including abolition and the civil rights movement.
2,913 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
Slavery has existed throughout history in many different societies, but it was not until the Atlantic Slave Trade transporting massive numbers of Africans to the newly settled colonies of the Americas, that the institution of slavery took place on such a large scale. Unique to slavery occurring anywhere prior, slavery in the Americas became a key necessity to survival in the New World. This paper shows how the United States and Brazil account for a large part of the population of blacks. In fact, with the exception of the small island countries of the Caribbean, on the two continents of the New World, no other counts as large a number or as large a proportion of blacks in its population as do the United States or Brazil. This paper shows that in both countries, Africans were introduced and held as slaves for most of their histories, and Brazil and the United States were the two largest slave societies of modern times. Labor demands for work on the sugar plantations, cotton fields, tobacco lands, coffee regions and the mining industry in Brazil, and the rice areas, cotton fields and tobacco plantations in the United States (specifically the South) constituted the need for slave labor in both regions. The paper shows that although the institutions of slavery in these two countries had many similarities, there are many distinct characteristics that differ greatly from each other. From the years of slavery, to emancipation and continuing on to the more recent movements toward equality among the black and white races; Brazil and the United States have taken different paths based on the unique circumstances each country has faced.
From the Paper
"Although the treatment of slaves in Brazil was harsher than in the United States, manumission, the practice of freeing slaves, occurred more frequently in Brazil. Slaves that were no longer useful to Brazilian masters were often freed to save the expense of caring for them. The relationship between slave and master differed greatly between the two countries. Although Brazil and the United States were both settled by Europeans, the cultural customs of the English (that settled America) and the Portuguese (which settled Brazil) varied eminently from each other. When the Portuguese settled Brazil, there were very few women that accompanied the men. There was a very unbalance ratio of men and women, which led the Portuguese men to have sexual relations with slave women."
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Racism and Slavery: An Analysis of Causes and Implications, 2005.
A discussion of whether slavery and racism are related.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The premise of the paper is that slavery was not caused perpetuated by racism. The paper examines the debates by historians and sociologists that slavery encourages racism, and racism establishes slavery.
The historical evolution of slavery is analyzed in order to establish that this idea of mutual supporting systems of racism and slavery is not correct.
From the Paper
"For many years, historians and sociologists have debated the relationship between racism and slavery. Some contend that slavery caused and perpetuated racism, while others argue that racism caused and perpetuated slavery. Examining the historical evidence indicates that in colonial and pre-Civil War America, racism was both a cause and consequence of slavery. Ultimately, institutionalized slavery and institutionalized racism co-existed as mutually supporting systems, based upon prevailing social and cultural assumptions that blacks were an inferior race. In order to resolve this issue, it is necessary to examine and evaluate slavery's historical development, for doing so provides evidence that in many societies, slavery has not been caused or perpetuated by racism."
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