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Napoleon Bonaparte and the French Revolution, 2002.
This paper discusses that the Age of Napoleon Bonaparte has its roots in the French Revolution and that it was Napoleon Bonaparte who spread the teachings of the French Revolution throughout Europe.
2,385 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the French Revolution ignited new ideas regarding equality, justice, freedom and the very nature of social interaction; but, ironically, it was a dictator, Napoleon, who perpetuated and spread many of these ideas. The paper points out that the Napoleonic Code, the introduction of liberal ideas to Egypt, and the beginning of the drive for the unification of Italy were all things that resulted from ideas derived from the French Revolution that spread because of Napoleon and his rule. The author believes that the impact of the French Revolution and Napoleon?s dissemination of its ideas can be demonstrated by the fact that even after the defeat of Napoleon, none of the old European monarchies or regimes ever enjoyed the absolute power that they once held.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The French Revolution
Napoleon Early in the Revolution
Quest for Power
Napoleon as a Ruler and Conqueror
The Tragedy of Napoleon?s Life
The Legacy of Napoleon and the French Revolution
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Napoleon is a tragic figure in that few have had so much and lost it all. From being the world?s most powerful man to becoming a lonely exile must have been a bitter pill to swallow. Napoleon?s life is also tragic in that so many people were fanatically loyal to him, yet his first love Josephine, was unfaithful to him and never provided the male heir that he so desperately wanted. But, the greater tragedy is the waste of Napoleon?s talents. True, he achieved monumental military accomplishments, but his conquests were ephemeral; they did not last. Universally recognized as one of the great military minds, Napoleon was equally talented as an administrator. If he had turned his attention to these pursuits, he could have done so much lasting good. He was also a man of contradictions. Vain, arrogant, and ambitious, he loved himself, but he was not afraid to recognize and praise ability in others. He was ruthless when necessary, but he does not seem to have been driven by hate as some later dictators were. All in all, he still fascinates us today."
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The French Revolution, 2005.
This paper analyzes whether the French Revolution was a class war
1,685 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the classes represented in the French Revolution are (1) "The First Estate", which was the clergy, (2) "The Second Estate", which represented the nobility and (3) "The Third Estate" which was at the bottom of the hierarchical ladder, representing the poorer and lower classes of people in France. The author points out that no philosophies, either in whole or in part, actually caused the French Revolution; but, because the philosophers of the Enlightenment attacked the established order and authority of any kind, their ideas helped to produce what can only be called a "revolutionary mentality". The paper concludes that the French Revolution was a war of the classes: However, the lines are not clearly drawn dividing the classes; therefore, it is clear that the French Revolution was a war of and a war within the social classes in the society of France.
Table of Contents
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
The Beginning of the Revolution
Classes Represented in the French Revolution
First, Second and Third Estates Grow Dissatisfied with Their Lot
Americas' Influence on the Revolt of the French
Effects of the Enlightenment in Relation to the French Revolution
Beliefs of the Revolutionaries
From the Paper
"At the time of the French Revolution France was under the rule of an absolute monarchy and was a monarchy that was under the rule or reign of King Louis XIV (1643 - 1715). Louis XIV encouraged both trade and manufacture and centralized the country during this time period. The individuals represented by all three estates, The First, Second and Third Estate has grown dissatisfied with their lot in life for one reason or another. The main reason for the Nobility's dissatisfaction was the longing to regain the power that the monarchy had stripped from them. The peasant class as well as the bourgeoisie class was extremely unhappy over the system of taxation that operated in France and the Bourgeoisie resented deeply the privileges enjoyed by the Nobility class in France during that time period."
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French Revolution: A True Revolution?, 2002.
A study on whether the French Revolution was a true revolution or not, through a discussion of revolutions in general and the French Revolution in particular.
831 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issues which can lead to a revolution, and illustrates how these issues were prevalent in France prior to the outbreak of the revolution. The paper outlines the social, economic and political problems in France in the years preceding the revolution. The writer also explains that through all the horror and bloodshed, there were also positive and far-reaching effects of the revolution for France as well as for Europe. The French Revolution brought about great long term changes in the society and government.
From the Paper
"The French Revolution is known as one of the bloodiest revolutions in all of history, it claimed the lives of thousands of Frenchmen. The question that remains to be answered is, what was the cause for all this carnage?? It was during the years of 1789-1795 that turmoil arose and an outcry came from France, and in place of one of the oldest civilizations stood a new one filled with uncertainty, and the need to reform and build what remained of France. To reflect upon the reasons as to why such a revolution occurred, one must focus upon the main aspects troubling the country and it?s people at this time."
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Enlightenment and the French Revolution, 2004.
A discussion on the effect of the Enlightenment on the French Revolution of 1789.
3,321 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how revolutionary changes in the leadership of 18th century France did not occur overnight or with some sudden spark of defiance by citizens. It looks at how the events and ideals that led to the French Revolution were part of a gradual, yet dramatic, trend toward individualism, freedom, liberty, self-determination, and self-reliance, which had been evolving over years in Europe, and which would be called the Enlightenment. It examines and analyses the dynamics of the Enlightenment, and also those individuals who contributed to the growth of the Enlightenment and to the ultimate demise of the Monarchy, in terms of what affect it had on the French Revolution.
Outline
Thesis
Introduction to the French Revolution
Social Issues leading up to the French Revolution
The Enlightenment?s Historical Origins
The Scientific Revolution was one of the Engines Driving the Enlightenment
Michel de Montaigne, Charles Montesquieu and Rene Descartes
Enlightenment Heavyweights: Voltaire vs. Rousseau
Rousseau?s Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789)
The Enlightenment?s Direct Impact on the Revolution
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When the legitimate question is raised as to what role, if any, The Enlightenment played in the French Revolution, the best evidence from credible historic sources is that The Enlightenment did indeed play an important role in the transformation of key social and political dynamics leading up to and through the French Revolution. The trends in the early to middle 18th Century indicate that Europeans were in the midst of dramatic social change. For one, secularization was taking place: the Church was losing its once-powerful position; people were no longer true and total believers in the Church?s dogma that citizens would be damned if they strayed to a place outside the boundaries of the Church?s influence."
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French Revolution and the Multimedia, 2002.
How the French Revolution is used in multimedia today.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This research paper discusses the influence of the French Revolution on multimedia use by historians today. It is found that the first time multimedia was used by historians was in the case of documenting the French Revolution. Now historians can use multimedia for other histories as well. And the French Revolution has been helping in the dissemination of knowledge while its history has been the pioneer in this arena.
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The French Revolution, 2006.
This paper discusses that the ideas of three Enlightenment philosophers--- Jean-Jacques Rousseau, David Hume and Edmund Burke----which were related to the French Revolution.
1,675 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Rousseau, a proponent of equality and freedom, in his "The Social Contract" passionately argued that common consensus should derive each law; whereby the French Revolution saw the end of absolutism in France and the creation of National Assembly, a representative body from among the masses. The author points out that Enlightenment ideas, which were put forth by Hume, furiously attacked religion, especially the Catholic Church, for yielding too much power and spreading falsehoods; whereby, the denouncement of religion is reflected in the French Revolution in the legislation of the "Civil Constitution of the Clergy". The paper relates that, on the other hand, the French Revolution had its critics, such as Edmund Burke, who saw the bloody revolution as corrupt and a threat to traditional establishments.
From the Paper
"Edmund Burke also views the National Assembly as a corrupt, impractical body. He believes that the masses are utterly ignorant and for leaders to follow them could be disastrous. Here Burke dismisses Rousseau's idea of the general will as he does not believe the masses are capable of policy making. Burke writes, "In this political traffic, the leaders will be obliged to bow to the ignorance of their followers, and the followers to become subservient to the worst designs of their leaders." Unlike Rousseau, Burke believes that the right to vote should only lie in the educated, property owning class."
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Reformation vs. French Revolution, 2007.
A comparative analysis of the events and lasting impact of the Reformation and the French Revolution.
1,701 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how throughout Europe's history the themes of religion and state serve as guidelines for examining the nature and shape of society. In particular, it looks at how the Protestant Revolution triggered by Martin Luther in 1517, and the French Revolution in 1789 both exemplify major changes in the leadership, structure, and ideals of their respective time periods. It discusses how, with the Reformation, came a movement to lessen the authority and corruption of the Roman Catholic Church and the Pope. In comparison, it looks at how the French Revolution, however, involved the abandoning of the divine right of kings and the monarchy's control over society. The paper contends that the French revolution, when compared with the Protestant Reformation, was more significant in changing the nature of society within Europe.
From the Paper
"In 1792, the Republic was established and the King was forced to acknowledge a formal constitution. The King and his Queen Marie-Antoinette had already tried to flee the country and they were locked in the palace of Tuileries. This example of cruel intentions towards a king was becoming ever more socially acceptable, like in the case of Oliver Cromwell, and his takeover of the English Crown. There was a call from the other Kings of Europe to restore the King of France to his original powers. The Legislative Assembly figured that if a foreign war would start that the King would appear as a traitor to the crown. War was declared on Austria in April of 1792. The fear of invading forces created paranoia around France. A Radical Republican wing known as the Jacobins overthrew control of the Legislative Assembly and marched upon Tuileries with mostly a volunteer force of about 20,000 men. "
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Popular Will in the French Revolution, 2005.
An examination of the impact that popular will had on the course of the French Revolution.
1,789 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
An analysis of the French Revolution illustrates the role of the popular will in dictating its course of action. This paper explains how the Revolution began with the aim of establishing a constitutional monarchy via internal reorganization, but the initial actions of the National Assembly were immediately met with suspicion and criticism, paving the way for the first turning point in the Revolution, which involved division and radicalization of the political culture. It discusses that, as the public became increasingly active and radical, it eventually achieved power over the Convention with the demise of the Girondins, the second major turning point in the French Revolution. After this, the Revolution?s focus on preservation of the Republic and underclass concerns was expressed through hysteria and terror. The writer points out that the French Revolution is a clear example of how revolutions are created and sustained by the people. Thus, in any historical analysis of a revolution, a consideration of the public will is an essential component for fully understanding the causes or the course of a revolution.
From the Paper
"At the core of a revolution is the mass population that lends credibility to the revolutionary leaders. Thus, the popular will is a key element in understanding the course of any revolution. Specifically, during the French Revolution popular will forced the goals and methods of the National Assembly, which aimed to replace the absolute monarchy with a constitutional monarchy, to turn in many unpredicted directions. In the first major turning point of the revolution, the moderate goals of the National Assembly took a dramatic turn on June 20, 1791 when King Louis XVI fled to Varennes, confirming popular suspicions of an aristocratic plot and producing a radicalization of popular political culture. The popular will reached its pinnacle of power during the second major turning point of the Revolution, the demise of the Girondins. After this, the suspicious popular will was expressed through the ruling Jacobins and the Revolution turned hysteric. Although the popular will was not always sovereign during the French Revolution, the interaction of the public’s will with the governing deputies forced abrupt changes in the direction of the French Revolution and dictated the course it would take."
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Impact of the French Revolution, 2005.
An examination of the interpretations of the French Revolution.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the modern as well as older interpretations of the French Revolution to determine to the extent of the impact that the Revolution had on the French Nation. The paper determines the newer perspectives position that the Revolution had less to do with the lasting French identity, and that the political aspects of the Revolution are central to the French Nation.
From the Paper
"The French Revolution lasted from 1789 through 1799, and was sparked by the varying views regarding reform as held by the French people. The French Revolution left certain lasting effects upon the French Nation, such as elements of the written constitution, the Code Napoleon and a sense of loyalty to their land. Thus, the claim that the French Revolution constructed the French Nation could in part be shown as true as it certainly altered the mentality of the French people. However, although for many years a stable interpretation had been achieved pertain to the Revolution; these have been lately abandoned in an attempt to view this event from new social, intellectual, cultural and political dimensions."
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The French Revolution, 2002.
An analysis of the reasons for the radicalization of the French Revolution.
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the implications of the National Assembly, the internal and external military action, conditions in Paris and economic and social injustices which culminated in the radicalization of the French Revolution. It looks at the various stages of the Revolution and gives an historical overview of the events that led up to it as well as the revolution itself.
The French Revolution radicalized in 1793 as the revolutionary masses attempted to change their political power and overcome what they perceived as economic and social injustices. This radicalization occurred foremost as a reaction to counter-revolutionary forces which pushed the radical revolutionaries into action to preserve the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity.
From the Paper
"By 1793 the French Revolution had established the principles of equality before the law, the sovereignty of nation and representative institutions and introduced changes in political and social institutions. Roger price refers to this first stage as the ?creative? phase. However, in 1793 the Convention voted for the execution of the king, marking a break with the past and the revolution radicalised and the reign of terror began. Eric Hobsbawm states that the French Revolution was ?a mass social revolution and immeasurably more radical than any comparable upheaval?. The violent radicalisation of 1973 was not from ?Enlightenment theorising? but from the pressures from internal and external wars and ?the related twin political forces unleashed by the Revolution itself, popular radicalism and elite counter-revolution?. The interaction between the revolution and counter-revolution forces provided the pressure which radicalised the French Revolution in 1793."
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Nietzsche, Morality, and the French Revolution, 2000.
This paper is a reconstruction of Nietzsche's moral theory in "On the Genealogy of Morals" and its application to the moral-political philosophies of the Old Regime and the French Revolution.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper is an examination of Nietzsche's "On the Genealogy of Morals" and its relation to the historical context in which it was written. A parallel is drawn between Nietzsche's view of the historical evolution of morality and the development of the moral-political philosophies of the Ancient (Old) Regime and the French Revolution. The Ancient Regime is associated with Nietzsche's idea of "good, bad" morality, while the French Revolution is connected with "good, evil" morality. Some other issues discussed are the idea of the slave revolt and the morality of Napoleon.
From the Paper
"Every civilized society is concerned with its moral fabric: the ethical and behavioral norms that all citizens are expected to obey. Morality, on its surface, appears to be a philosophical issue. Some people speak of a universal morality, beyond time and devolving upon all people equally. In this way, they explain the prevalence of certain moral laws, for instance, the prohibition against murder, in almost every society. Others view morality as a subjective concept, yet still one with philosophical origins. They maintain that many societies possess laws against murder because each group of people has made an independent philosophical evaluation, and determined that the value of life is something they as cohabitants of the same state all uphold. For Friedrich Nietzsche, both of these approaches are fundamentally flawed."
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"The Coming of the French Revolution", 2005.
A book review on Georges Lefebvre's "The Coming of the French Revolution".
854 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 0 sources, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how "The Coming of the French Revolution" by M. Georges Lefebvre is an attempt to explain how the French Revolution occurred and how the events unfolded.
From the Paper
"One of the most important questions that this book asks is that if the Revolution was truly needed in order for the French to have a better government, which in turn would help them to a better life. Lefebvre did believe that the Revolution needed to happen, but he believed that Revolution would have been almost unavoidable. He believed that the government that had been established would have failed eventually. The people who had been in charge did not have the motivation to keep a successful government running."
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The French Revolution, 2007.
An analysis of the events leading up to and resulting from the French Revolution in 1789.
1,267 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the French Revolution in 1789. It discusses the events and public feeling leading up to and resulting in the revolution. The paper then goes on to discuss the repercussions of the revolution, particularly with regard to the type of government that was established. The paper concludes that the French Revolution was only partially successful in the short term.
From the Paper
"While the Revolution managed to keep its promise of liberty, that promise was frequently touted as an inaliable human right alongside equality. The Revolution failed to give the French people equality. First, the Revolution did not result in immediate popular sovereignty. More meaningfully, the Revolution did not result in the type of large-scale property redistribution that would have permitted actual equality. There was a redistribution of property, but it went from the group of nobles to those who had taken power, and those who were among the least advantaged prior to the Revolution remained among the least advantaged following the Revolution. This was partially due to the poor themselves. In the beginning of the Revolution, the poor took on meaningful roles. In fact, masses of the poor were responsible for the more symbolic events of the French Revolution, such as the storming of the Bastille. However, when confronted with a weak government, the poor grew increasingly apathetic about revolutionary ideals, and began concentrating on day-to-day existence. Therefore, they were somewhat responsible for not becoming political equals during the Revolution."
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French Revolution, 2002.
A brief discussion of liberalism during the time of the French Revolution.
921 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how liberalism during the French Revolution focused on progress and reform favorable to individual freedom as guaranteed by law and secured by the governmental protection of civil liberties, open-minded, tolerant and free of traditional ideas and values. It analyzes how the liberal/revolutionary forces at work during the French Revolution were victorious, for they not only brought an end to the monarchy as it stood in 17th century France, but also paved the way for radical reforms in politics, religion and the social structure of France which have endured to this very day.
From the Paper
"In 1793, the French Revolution began to experience internal splits which incited "The Terror" (the Great Fear), many uprisings and counter-revolutionary revolts. This was greatly influenced by the execution of Louis XVI in 1793; less than two months later, the Revolutionary Tribunal was established which marked the true beginning of the Terror. The murder of Jean-Paul Marat and the execution of his murderer, Charlotte Corday, signaled the official opening of the Terror. The ideals of the revolution, aimed at overthrowing the monarchy, were both sustained and distorted by the Terror through the actions of the French citizens who in essence developed their own hypocrisy in relation to the ideals of the aristocracy."
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The French Revolution, 2004.
An examination of the causes and effects of the French Revolution.
2,524 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an historical analysis of the causes and the effects of the French Revolution and then considers whether or not the revolution can be deemed a success. The paper describes three issues as the primary causes of the French Revolution and three primary results of the revolution as well. Finally, the paper concludes that the revolution did have a positive effect on the world, at least to the degree that the positive weighs equally with the negative backlash it created.
From the Paper
"No moment in history stands alone, but each builds surely from the moments before it. The French Revolution and its aftermath was no exception. In many ways it sprang from the undeniable and unswayable forces of modernization, toppling a system which was dying under its own weight and intrinsically unable to adapt and survive in the new economic and philosophical reality. One could argue that this violent overthrow of the old aristocracy was the inevitable outcome of modernization and the arrival of the bourgeoisie class. The war was caused by the financial and social collapse of the old regime and the disappointed hopes of a people who had been inspired by the enlightenment; its effects were far reaching and terrible in their bloody implications, and its overall effect upon the world is hopelessly drawn between the good and ill."
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