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Freedom of Religion, 2007.
A review of the "Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah" Supreme Court decision of 1993 and its implications for freedom of religion.
1,519 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the "Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah" Supreme Court decision of 1993 and its significance to the issue of freedom of religion. In particular, it discusses the legal rationale informing the High Court's final decision and the strength of the final decision. It also briefly describes the relationship of the case to previous court precedents. Finally, the paper analyzes the legal and political repercussions of the ruling and looks at the current status of the law.
From the Paper
"As an important addendum to what has been written thus far, it must be noted that the "strength" of the final decision was fairly conclusive: despite three concurrences by Justices Scalia, Souter and Blackmun and a separate opinion by Kennedy, the final Court decision appears to have been a unanimous one - although the concurrences are interesting to read more than thirteen years after their original publication inasmuch as they show curious divergences among the Justices vis-a-vis certain subtleties in the interpretation of constitutional freedoms/protections for religious groups. Most notably, Justice Scalia opposed Section Two of Part II-A of the Court's opinion on the grounds that it paid scant attention to the fact that "neutral" or "generally applicable" laws can also be laws that target a particular religion for invidious distinction and discriminatory treatment. Nonetheless, one would be hard-pressed to argue that the presiding Justices disagreed on the fundamental question of whether or not the Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye was a victim of discrimination."
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Freedom of Religion, 2002.
This paper presents the argument that religious freedom in America is, in reality, just a myth perpetuated for generations.
2,273 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper uses the experiences of two historical figures in early America, Bartolome de las Casas and Anne Bradstreet, to reject the notion of the right to religious freedom in America. Bartoleme de las Casas, while more humane than other Spaniards of his time, still represented the dominant philosophy of Spain during early America, that religious freedom meant the freedom to convert others to one's own religion. Bradstreet is described as belonging to a community, typical of the Puritan era, that rejected the rights of others who chose to believe differently.
From the Paper
"Bradstreet does not discuss the issue of freedom of religion in her poems but seems rather to live that freedom herself. She determines meaning by contemplation rather than by repeating lessons learned from some authority, for instance. She concentrates most on her family rather than on God and religious issues. She contrasts in this regard with Edwards, who gives all his concentration to religious matters and who judges everything in the community on the basis of how it accords with his religious beliefs."
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Religious Freedom in Britain and America, 2002.
A comparison between America and Britain, where freedom of religion is guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution, while Britain has no written constitution and yet maintains freedom of religion in a number of ways.
1,467 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The writer looks at the levels of religious tolerance by the British government and subsequent formation of America's standard. The paper explains that while both the United States and Britain have long traditions of religious freedom, Britain had more bloody confrontations over religion in her history than America has had. The writer provides background information on religion in Britain and provides relative information for America.
From the Paper
"Religious freedom in Britain was achieved gradually from the 17th century to the present. Laws that discriminated against minority religious groups were gradually administered less harshly and then finally repealed, and heresy ceased to be a legal offense with the passage of the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Act of 1677. The Toleration Act of 1688 granted freedom of worship to Protestant minority groups. The Test and Corporation Act was repealed in 1828 to give nonconformists full political rights, after which it was possible for them to be appointed to public office. Roman Catholics gained political rights with the Roman Catholic Relief Act of 1829."
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Religion in America, 2004.
Argues that American society leans towards Christianity despite that fact that it promotes freedom of religion.
1,609 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, while the United States has always claimed to be different, a ?melting pot? of religion, founded on freedom of speech, and the freedom of religious choice. While it may be based on the idea of these freedoms, American society chiefly condones, promotes, and practices Christianity.
From the Paper
"Another example of the United States commitment to Christianity can be seen within the currency. On April 22, 1864, the United States currency format was altered to include the phrase ?In God We Trust? (Fisher, 674). This decision was made based on the resounding public support offered to Reverend Henry Boardman, after his sermon stating ?We claim to be a Christian nation? {we should} vindicate our character by honoring the God of Nations?? (Fisher, 673). ?In God We Trust? became the official United States motto in 1956 (?Origin of the United States National Motto,? 540). This motto completely ignores those not practicing a Christian faith."
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Religion in Government, 2007.
An analysis of the freedom of religion and the court's involvement in prohibiting or permitting religious displays in courthouses.
1,489 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper presents the most relevant arguments and interpretations regarding the First Amendment, specifically the free exercise and establishment clauses concerning religion. In doing so, the paper addresses the concept of captive audiences, especially those involved in government arenas, with regard to the infringements posed by either prohibiting or permitting religious displays in courthouses, by the court system. It then asserts not only the historical importance of this separation to democracy, but also provides specific facts regarding the incorrect nature of many of the assertions of the Christian right in today's battle regarding religion in schools.
From the Paper
"These rulings have seemingly affirmed the Supreme Court's stance on behaviors in public schools which could be interpreted as the government endorsement of a religious practice; the Court has traditionally upheld the right of individuals to freely practice their religion but only in situations in which it does not coerce or force others to participate in their religious displays as well. Public school events are, the Court has ruled, an environment in which the use of public property for religious activities can be interpreted as governmental support for religion and, therefore, such activity is to be prohibited. By association, the public nature of the courthouse appears to closely associate with the rulings regarding religion in a public school."
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The Misunderstanding of Religion Through Free Exercise Jurisprudence, 2000.
This paper examines the Supreme Court's handling of Freedom of Religion.
4,775 words (approx. 19.1 pages), 26 sources, MLA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
The paper begins identifying the flaw in tradition free exercise of jurisprudence and discusses its original understanding. The paper looks at how this understanding has been applied to traditional religions like the Amish, Mormons and Native Americans in an inconsistent manner. The paper resolves that the Supreme Court needs to consider their own biases and look more towards the harm caused by the practice as opposed to the practice itself if it is to be protected.
From the Paper
"The First Amendment to the Constitution provides that ?Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof?? However, since Reynolds v. United States, in 1879, the Supreme Court has been struggling to understand the limits of free exercise. This paper will examine a historical conception of how the Supreme Court has viewed and misunderstood religion by examining three cases that best mark free exercise jurisprudence in the United States."
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Terrorists or Freedom Fighters - A Decision of Perception. Terrorists or Freedom Fighters?, 2002.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This is a question of perspective and of side. Depending upon the side you find yourself upon, your ideology, and your religion, determining who is fighting for the greater good and who is simply a terrorist is an impossibility of perception. Culturally, there is a great deal of support for freedom fighters. They are associated with the development of anti-oppression movements that we most closely associate with the American Revolution. To the British, the Boston Massacre was the suppression of terrorists, to the Americans, it was the massacre of innocents seeking nothing more than personal and communal freedom. This is how the world perceives Afghanis, members of Al Qaeda, and the combatants in Chechnya - as either terrorists or freedom fighters. It is the purpose of this paper to examine differences in perspectives on terrorism and how each group is perceived.
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Popular Religion in England - 18th Century., 2002.
This paper discusses the subject of popular religion in England during the latter part of the eighteenth century.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Included are the Church of England, the Catholic religion, the protestant religion, and many types just becoming popular during this period such as Unitarianism, Baptist, Methodist, and such. Included in the discussion is the expansion of England as a dominant force in Europe and its effect on the government's willingness to maintain a low-key attitude about religion. The latter portion of the eighteenth century ushered in a new era of freedom of religion and the key points leading up to this are discussed herein.
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Religious Freedom and Liberty, 2002.
A look at the issues of religious freedom in present day America
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This seven page paper discusses the liberty and freedom of religion with the United States of America, looking at how the founding father looked upon religion and liberty, comparing present day legal cases and ethics then looking at issues relating to the September 11th New York disaster.
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Eastern Religions, 2002.
An insight into the religions of Taoism, Confucianism, Hinduism and Buddhism.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the religions of Taoism, Confucianism, Hinduism and Buddhism. The paper inquires how people seek inner fulfillment, liberation and freedom through these religions.
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Religion in the Workplace, 2006.
A discussion on the relevance of religion in the workplace.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer argues that the freedom to practice religion must take precedence, but in the case of religions that do not practice their traditions within work hours, they must find time outside of production if they wish extra-curricular religious activity.
From the Paper
"The basis for religion in the workplace can certainly depend upon the public or private nature of the industry where religion is being applied. Within the cultural environment of private organizations of business communities, one can see the relevance of creating a culture that would involve religion. Since the "private sector" relies on the individual freedom to practice whatever religion may be part of the management, then certainly there might be a case for allowing prayer or religious meetings to be part of the organization. "
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Freedom of Speech, 2006.
The paper compares and contrasts freedom of speech and freedom of expression in the United States and Mexico.
4,520 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses freedom of speech in the American and the Mexican systems in light of the fact that the two countries are growing closer together in trade. The paper states that American individuals and businessmen need to understand the differences in the laws and customs on freedom of speech, as well as other cultural and legal differences between the two countries, in order to understand the meaning of actions and statements made by Mexican leaders. Examining the issue of freedom of speech in Mexico as compared to the U.S. can illustrate the differences and some of the reasons for those differences. The paper concludes that both systems are protected and neither can be seen as perfect in the degree to which it protects these freedoms. The Mexican government wants to be represented well in American thinking and to work with the American government for an improved economic situation for Mexico. Freedom of expression has been guaranteed by the Mexican Constitution, and now that promise has to be strengthened in order to assure that it is maintained.
Introduction
Mexico and the U.S.
Freedom of Speech
Freedom of Expression
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The United States has a long tradition of political freedom, while Mexico does not. The United States as a nation is more than 225 years old, while Mexico as a nation is a little more than a century old. The United States emerged from its Revolution as a country with a new form of government, one crated as a counter to the kind of rigid and hierarchical society the settlers had known in Europe. In the U.S., freedom of speech is divided into freedom of speech and freedom of the press as related concepts differentiated largely by whether the expression is written in a publication or expressed verbally or through actions (in some cases). Case law has established both these types of expression as fundamental rights based on their inclusion in the Bill of Rights in the First Amendment."
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Jacobean Era Politics, Religion and Literature, 2002.
An examination of English politics, religion and literature in the Jacobean Era, seen as a quest for religious freedom.
1,890 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between politics, religion, and literature from James I through William III, paying special attention to the move towards greater religious toleration in England as well as the rest of Europe. The literature of John Donne and John Milton is used to exemplify the changing times and numerous quotes from outside sources are used to back up main points.
From the Paper
"The 17th century was a time of great political and religious unrest in England. The era saw both passive and militant Protestants and Roman Catholics be put on the throne, as well as the first and only Lord Protector in Oliver Cromwell, in the country?s quest towards ultimate religious toleration. Most of the political upheaval of this era can be traced to fundamental religious differences dividing the country at the time. Brave and ground-breaking literary figures such as John Donne and John Milton emerged during this era, questioning the traditional values that had stood for so long as integral parts of the Church, playing their part in extending the fractioning of Christianity that had been started a century before by Martin Luther. By the time of the Restoration the view of Kingship would have changed considerably and great strides toward the goal of religious tolerance and understanding among the growing number of sects would be made."
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Academic Freedom, 2004.
This paper examines the concept of academic freedom and its history and contrasts the ideal of academic freedom with the social, cultural, and economic constraints that are regularly placed upon the faculty.
4,795 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that academic freedom is the concept that faculty, and in some cases, students, should be able to study, write, and publish the truth as they see it, free of doctrinal interference from the administration, the church, the corporation, or the state. The author points out that the concept of academic freedom, which is more prevalent at Western colleges and universities, has its roots in the 17th century, the beginning of the modern era. The paper relates that the power of alumni to shift the direction of a university tends to be limited because most alumni do not have sufficient money to make much of a difference, but this cannot be said for corporations, such as drug companies, which often have almost inconceivably large amounts of money and clearly focused needs and desires.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Beginnings of Academic Freedom
German Universities Create Modern Traditions of Academic Freedom
Academic Freedom in the Modern University
Corporate Pocketbooks and Academic Freedom
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The development of a more fully modern concept of academic freedom came about in the 17th century not because of the work or writings of academics themselves but rather through the work of scholars such as John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. Locke and Hobbes were not in fact particularly interested in the rights of university faculty per se; they were, however, interested in the rights of all members of a society to certain basic freedoms. Their arguments about liberty and individual rights helped to define the era of the rise of modern democracies, one element of which has been the university that is freed from the church."
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Religious Thinkers and the Treatment of Freedom, 2006.
A discussion regarding Kierkegaard, Nietzsche & Dostoevsky, and their interpretation of the relationship between religion and freedom.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Friedrich Nietzsche, Soren Kierkegaard, and Fyodor Dostoevsky, who were all for all intents and purposes religious thinkers in a manner of speaking; no less importantly, they were religious thinkers who also placed a great deal of emphasis upon human freedom. The paper will examines the relationship between the faith which animates the writings of these individuals and the heavy emphasis each man places upon freedom. In conclusion, this paper contends that Nietzsche's view of what constitutes freedom is not genuine freedom at all because it makes no allowance for the fact that mental and spiritual freedom (the sort of freedom brought about by peace of mind and by spiritual contentment) is just as important as any other form of freedom, emphasizing the satiation of the physical senses.
From the Paper
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