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France, Britain and the European Union, 2006.
Examines the impact of the European Union on the social and economic elements of France and the United Kingdom.
3,203 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
In order to fully understand the impact of the European Union and its effects on Great Britain and France, as well as the rest of its members, this paper takes a critical look at how their economies and societies have changed over the last few years. Great Britain and France are two of the strongest nations that participated in the European Union experiment and their problems of integration are perhaps representative of the problems that the rest of the EU suffers. This paper examines the socio-economic impact of the European Union on the unity and culture of these two powerful nations.
From the Paper
"For Great Britain the greatest damage of the European Union has been on its currency. With the onset of the EU, and the creation of the Euro, the pound sterling has taken a large hit in the international monetary market. Pre Euro, the pound sterling and the Deutschemark were the standard currency of the European market next to the dollar. However, with the birth of the Euro, most international banks want to fill its reserves with the Euro because it spreads out the risk of inflation and other negative factors across many member states and therefore it is largely more stable than other currencies. With this shift in currency focus, the pound has been doing relatively badly against the dollar as well as the Euro."
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France in the European Union, 2006.
An overview of the development of the European Union and France's contributions to its development.
2,027 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a description of the function and organizational structure of the European Union and then presents a brief history of its origins and how it has developed into the supranational organizational body that it is today. The paper focuses on France's contributions towards the European Union's development, beginning with a look at Jean Monnet's plan for more organized cooperation between the European nations and ending with a look at the signing of the Maastricht Treaty.
From the Paper
"The Council of Ministers is composed of a single representative from each of the member states. The council cannot draft legislation, but it can accept, reject, or request proposals from the commission. Summit meetings among the top leaders of the member states are called at least once every six months by the country holding the presidency of the Council of Ministers. This meeting of heads of state and government is called the European Council. The summits were instituted on a regular basis in 1975."
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The European Union, 2002.
Looks at some general facts regarding the European Union, its origins and its members nations.
4,900 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 17 sources, $ 178.95
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Abstract
The European Union (EU) represents a unique relationship among fifteen democratic nations, with the aim of constructing a united Europe. The EU is more than an international organization, but not a full-blown federation. The European Union is the world's largest trading entity, accounting for well over 20% of world trade. Its population totals nearly 375 million people. The European Community was the brainchild of Jean Monnet of France. In May 1950, French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman proposed pooling the coal and steel industries of France and West Germany.
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The Proposed European Union (EU) Constitution, 2008.
This paper discusses the proposed European Union (EU) constitution, which failed to be ratified.
1,760 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, with the impressive economic performance and harmony of the European Union (EU), it seems to be an excellent time to finally establish a constitution for this organization. The author relates that, in 2004, the 25 heads of state of the member countries signed a treaty establishing an EU constitution; however, each member country needed to approve it independently by their own national means. The paper describes that France and the Netherlands rejected this treaty through a referendum vote. The author points out that the most controversial aspect of the constitution was the creation of a foreign minister and a common foreign and defense policy. The paper stresses that, with the many diverse national interests of each of the 27 member nations, it is almost impossible to form a common foreign policy decision as exemplified by the drastically different policies for the war in Iraq.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Major Points of the Constitution
Pro and Con Reasoning
Unpleasant Setbacks in France and the Netherlands
Future of the Constitution
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many of the arguments for the constitution are outlined in the previous section discussing the contents of the constitution. As one can see, the argument for the constitution was based largely on making the EU a more democratic organization. Many of the pro camp also saw this as an opportunity to strengthen the European institutions in order to take on the many new member countries that were added in 2004. Furthermore, many believe that the main reason behind the constitution was to propel European unification even further."
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The Influence of Trade Unions in France, 2001.
An explanation of why French trade unions, which enjoy such little support, nevertheless seem to exert considerable political influence.
2,653 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the French trade union movement has shared many of the problems that have dented the power of trade unions across Western Europe and how it has faced many additional difficulties which are distinct to France. It looks at how French trade unions are often capable of exerting great political influence and how in particular, they wield a surprisingly great influence concerning issues related to the Welfare State and public sector.
From the Paper
"As mentioned, it would be prudent to begin addressing this question by examining the notion of the ?limited support? for French trade unions. In the past three decades, trade unions across Europe have begun to see their support (primarily in terms of number of members and their level of commitment, and backing from companies and political parties) dwindle as a result of a number of factors, which French trade unions have been similarly affected by. Trade unions have found their economic bargaining positions increasingly weakened as a result of globalisation, whereby unskilled Western European labour competes with cheaper labour from developing countries, and because of the fact that very nearly all workers have now experienced unemployment at some time and are increasingly wary of the threat that it poses."
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Profitability in Unionized and Non-Union Companies, 2005.
A look at the impact that a union has on a firm's profit and investment.
893 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and summarizes studies that looked at whether unionized companies were less or more profitable than non-union firms and whether there was less new investment in unionized firms as compared to non-unionized ones. After reviewing the literature, the paper concludes that, while unions generally transfer payment from shareholders to employees, there is a downside to unionization; it may inhibit the very investment needed to run the company.
From the Paper
"As long ago as 1994, researchers were interested in ascertaining whether unionized companies were less or more profitable than nonunion firms, and whether there was less new investment in unionized firms as compared to nonunionized ones. Morgan investigated shareholder risk and rates of return in both sorts of companies during the period 1973-1987. Morgan?s work cited earlier work of Becker and Olson (1989) in which they provided an analysis of differences in shareholder risk and returns in union and nonunion companies, finding that shareholders in more highly unionized companies realized lower rates of return than did shareholders in the nonunion companies. Becker and Olson had further suggested that lower shareholder returns during the 1970s had led management to attempt to limit the extent of unionization during the 1980s in a move to reverse that trend. (Morgan, 1994, unpaged)"
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The European Court of Justice, 2003.
Description, history and problems associated with one of the most important aspects of the European Union.
2,062 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
The ultimate authority to rule on the interpretation of European Union law resides with the Court of Justice of the European Union. This paper discusses the ECJ in detail, with particular attention paid to its history. Also discussed are its relations to Great Britain and France, as well as relevant problems the ECJ faces today.
From the Paper
"Historically, Britain?s Parliament held the position of supremacy in the country but this is currently challenged by the right the ECJ to rule on whether British law is compatible with European Union law (Curtis 110). The notion that a body of laws supercedes British Law and that Britain is bound somewhat to the written constitution of the European Union creates a problem in the minds of many British people, both those within the government and common citizens (Curtis 110).
The European Union (at this time the European Community) challenged British Parliamentary sovereignty in 1991 when the EC threatened to take legal action to stop British Rail construction projects for environmental reasons (Curtis 110)."
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France, 2002.
An insight into France and its position in the international market.
1,435 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper considers how one of the oldest countries in Europe, France, has long been a key trading partner with other nations, particularly those in Western Europe and North America. It looks at how today, France is seen as one of the more important markets within the European Union and American companies considering expanding operations to France need to evaluate the political, demographic and business environment within France before making the commitment to market there. It shows how France is an attractive market for American companies because it is a country which does not have significant trade barriers, because its work force and consumers are highly educated and because its political system is stable.
From the Paper
"Although French unions are considered to be powerful, membership in unions has declined to approximately half of that in the United States. However, French law is much more rigorous about the relationship which exists between unions and employers than American law. For example, employee delegates to unions serve one-year terms in companies with more than 10 employees. These delegates can present individual or collective issues to the employer, and they can inform the government of any violations of labor law. Reorganization of the work week by management must also be discussed with the delegate. To some degree, this delegate is the French counterpart of the shop steward in American firms (Ellison, 1999, p. 4)."
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?France Against Herself?, 2002.
A review of the book "France against Herself: A Perceptive Study of France's Past, Her Politics, and Her Unending Crises" by Herbert Leuthy.
1,432 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the above book and assesses the arguments of the author on some of the issues then dominating French colonial policy. It looks at how the French colonial policy 1945-46 was irresponsible in that it made promises and raised expectations among colonial peoples that were impractical based on liberal ideologies rather than on real world facts. It analyzes how the French colonial policy in North Africa was totally unrealistic and impossible to hold on to and how with the barrier of religious belief, Arab Muslims could never become Frenchmen.
From the Paper
"Ultimately, what France wanted from her various colonies was that they simply become French in their thinking, their attitude, and their loyalties. "What France expected from 'greater France' was the production of Frenchmen; French citizens in the future, but here and now French soldiers" (Leuthy 216). Thus, the policy of 1945-46 did not address the possibilities of disenfranchisement of the colonies; rather it stated that these colonies would not desire or need disenfranchisement. However, this was both unrealistic and mistimed. After the Second World War, the policy of colonization was generally recognized as pass?, but the French could not seem to give up their dreams of united Frenchman located around the globe."
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Politics in France and Germany, 2002.
A comparison of the political systems in Germany and France.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper will compare the political cultures of France and Germany. The goal of this paper is to determine the role of each state and the national identity as compared to the other. This paper will also look at the underlying belief system of France and Germany and how they've come together as a union.
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Decline of France?, 2004.
This paper is a literature review seeking an answer to the question: Has France declined?
2,595 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that, in the areas of the arts and politics, France surely was an able leader; but today, unemployment is at 10 percent and rising, the national debt has doubled in eight years, and the country has fallen to tenth position in the European Union for income per capita. The author points out three main arguments on the causes of the decline of France: the chaotic history up to the end of decolonization; the domestic confusion caused by lost opportunities and mistaken choices since 1970; and the months after French President Jacques Chirac's re-election in May 2002 with 82 per cent of the vote, followed by some of the worst economic statistics since the war. The paper concludes that France, like every other country, has its good and bad points, successes and failures; other Western nations, including Britain and the United States, need to do some internal cleaning as well.
From the Paper
"Further, in a Time magazine article ?From Decline to Renewal? Stanley Hoffman quotes what he considers a still-relevant quote by President Charles De Gaulle. He invoked "old France, overburdened by history, bruised by wars and revolutions, moving endlessly from grandeur to decline and back, but regenerated, century after century, by the genius for renewal." The article then notes that France, which was so devastated by World War II occupation, has to be commended on its reconstruction, industrial revolution along with the modernization of the country?s agriculture."
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Decentralisation in France, 2002.
An outline of the principal advantages of and obstacles to decentralisation in France.
3,282 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how France has remained far more centralised than many of its European neighbours and seeks to explain why this is so. It considers a number of factors including its highly divided social and political history and attitudes towards state power. It also explores the recent growth in decentralisation in France and attempts to reveal that while France has benefited from decentralisation in several areas, it has been unable to commit fully to the process due to a number of inherent obstacles which derive from a ?cultural and historical legacy? that has been responsible for France?s highly centralised nature.
From the Paper
"One of the key reasons behind France?s long history of centralisation is that of its highly divided political values. It is generally accepted that the more a society is divided the more likely it is to have a centralised government and vice versa. In a homogenous society with shared interests and values it can be assumed that it is safe to allow decentralisation, yet this has certainly not been the case in France (at least until the late 1960s) where the government and its opposition have been completely split throughout much of France?s history. Logically, it then follows that the French government would be less enthusiastic for decentralisation as it may have allowed for a loss of power to opposition parties."
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The Nazi Occupation of Poland and France, 2007.
This paper examines WWII and the differences in the way the Nazis treated their subjects after their invasions of Poland and France.
3,315 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that many of Germany's policies in both Poland and France during the occupation were similar as far as the Jewish population was concerned; however, the people of France clearly showed more willingness to cooperate with these policies than the Poles, despite the fact that Poland had a much larger Jewish population, in both numbers and per capita, than France. The author further points out that the Germans systematically destroyed the economy of Poland for the solitary purpose of helping the German war effort; whereas, the Germans gave many resources to the French economy to help reestablish it after the devastation from WWI. The paper relates that, in the sphere of government, France was given autonomy through the Vichy government, whereas the Poles, seen as nothing better than pack animals, barely more worthy of life than Jews, were given no such autonomy.
From the Paper
"One of the first actions of the German administration of Northern France was to try to make the region economically stable again. This was not done out of the goodness of the Nazis' hearts, but rather because France could become a valuable factory for war material and food. This area of France was also where the proposed invasion of Britain, "Operation Sealion", was to be launched. The iron, steel, and other natural resource industries were nationalized in order to give the Germans better control. In order to try to prevent wartime inflation and shortages, price controls were instituted."
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Capitalism in France, 2004.
An overview of the history and formation of capitalism in France.
2,015 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
A historical analysis of the development of a capitalist society in France since the Second World War. This paper looks at the political, social, and economic development of France, and its move from a traditional left wing nation to right wing economic policies. Examined also in light of the rise of the European Union.
From the Paper
"In a more general sense, for the authorities, privatizations is a route to lowering its debt burden and so the associated interest. The public bodies have been progressively leaving the arena related to the activities that are completely in the trade related sectors but not without making a mockery of themselves. This dismal picture is in a greater measure the legacy of certain significant financial disasters that have characterized the procedures. Being of increased attention to the media than the instances of triumphs that could also be summoned, these devastations have possibly evaluated at the period while several privatizations were being introduced."
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Commercial Guide on France, 2005.
An overview of France's economic position.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper evaluates the key criteria related to France's economic status, including but not limited to trade policies and barriers, government intervention, travel, economic liberalization and monetary policies within this nation. The paper shows that France, which is a member of the European Union, has improved its economic position in recent years, but there is a long way to go to stabilize progress.
From the Paper
"In Europe, there are many opportunities to capitalize upon various resources and trade prospects around the world in order to improve economic conditions. In France, these opportunities are abundant, and they offer a number of key considerations for growth and stability. Current economic conditions, the political landscape, promoting the sale and distribution of American products and services, trade policies and standards, financial issues, and travel each serve as primary criteria that determine France's economic capabilities and effectiveness in world markets. The following discussion will identify the various issues related to these criteria, emphasizing the importance of trends and opportunities for growth and development in the French marketplace. Economic Trends and Outlook France has experienced modest growth trends in recent years, yet increases in GDP and unemployment have led to a steady decline in forecasting in future years ("Economic Trends and Outlook" para. 1)."
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