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France in the European Union, 2006.
An overview of the development of the European Union and France's contributions to its development.
2,027 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a description of the function and organizational structure of the European Union and then presents a brief history of its origins and how it has developed into the supranational organizational body that it is today. The paper focuses on France's contributions towards the European Union's development, beginning with a look at Jean Monnet's plan for more organized cooperation between the European nations and ending with a look at the signing of the Maastricht Treaty.
From the Paper
"The Council of Ministers is composed of a single representative from each of the member states. The council cannot draft legislation, but it can accept, reject, or request proposals from the commission. Summit meetings among the top leaders of the member states are called at least once every six months by the country holding the presidency of the Council of Ministers. This meeting of heads of state and government is called the European Council. The summits were instituted on a regular basis in 1975."
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France, Britain and the European Union, 2006.
Examines the impact of the European Union on the social and economic elements of France and the United Kingdom.
3,203 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
In order to fully understand the impact of the European Union and its effects on Great Britain and France, as well as the rest of its members, this paper takes a critical look at how their economies and societies have changed over the last few years. Great Britain and France are two of the strongest nations that participated in the European Union experiment and their problems of integration are perhaps representative of the problems that the rest of the EU suffers. This paper examines the socio-economic impact of the European Union on the unity and culture of these two powerful nations.
From the Paper
"For Great Britain the greatest damage of the European Union has been on its currency. With the onset of the EU, and the creation of the Euro, the pound sterling has taken a large hit in the international monetary market. Pre Euro, the pound sterling and the Deutschemark were the standard currency of the European market next to the dollar. However, with the birth of the Euro, most international banks want to fill its reserves with the Euro because it spreads out the risk of inflation and other negative factors across many member states and therefore it is largely more stable than other currencies. With this shift in currency focus, the pound has been doing relatively badly against the dollar as well as the Euro."
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France, 2002.
An insight into France and its position in the international market.
1,435 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper considers how one of the oldest countries in Europe, France, has long been a key trading partner with other nations, particularly those in Western Europe and North America. It looks at how today, France is seen as one of the more important markets within the European Union and American companies considering expanding operations to France need to evaluate the political, demographic and business environment within France before making the commitment to market there. It shows how France is an attractive market for American companies because it is a country which does not have significant trade barriers, because its work force and consumers are highly educated and because its political system is stable.
From the Paper
"Although French unions are considered to be powerful, membership in unions has declined to approximately half of that in the United States. However, French law is much more rigorous about the relationship which exists between unions and employers than American law. For example, employee delegates to unions serve one-year terms in companies with more than 10 employees. These delegates can present individual or collective issues to the employer, and they can inform the government of any violations of labor law. Reorganization of the work week by management must also be discussed with the delegate. To some degree, this delegate is the French counterpart of the shop steward in American firms (Ellison, 1999, p. 4)."
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?France Against Herself?, 2002.
A review of the book "France against Herself: A Perceptive Study of France's Past, Her Politics, and Her Unending Crises" by Herbert Leuthy.
1,432 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the above book and assesses the arguments of the author on some of the issues then dominating French colonial policy. It looks at how the French colonial policy 1945-46 was irresponsible in that it made promises and raised expectations among colonial peoples that were impractical based on liberal ideologies rather than on real world facts. It analyzes how the French colonial policy in North Africa was totally unrealistic and impossible to hold on to and how with the barrier of religious belief, Arab Muslims could never become Frenchmen.
From the Paper
"Ultimately, what France wanted from her various colonies was that they simply become French in their thinking, their attitude, and their loyalties. "What France expected from 'greater France' was the production of Frenchmen; French citizens in the future, but here and now French soldiers" (Leuthy 216). Thus, the policy of 1945-46 did not address the possibilities of disenfranchisement of the colonies; rather it stated that these colonies would not desire or need disenfranchisement. However, this was both unrealistic and mistimed. After the Second World War, the policy of colonization was generally recognized as pass?, but the French could not seem to give up their dreams of united Frenchman located around the globe."
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The Nazi Occupation of Poland and France, 2007.
This paper examines WWII and the differences in the way the Nazis treated their subjects after their invasions of Poland and France.
3,315 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that many of Germany's policies in both Poland and France during the occupation were similar as far as the Jewish population was concerned; however, the people of France clearly showed more willingness to cooperate with these policies than the Poles, despite the fact that Poland had a much larger Jewish population, in both numbers and per capita, than France. The author further points out that the Germans systematically destroyed the economy of Poland for the solitary purpose of helping the German war effort; whereas, the Germans gave many resources to the French economy to help reestablish it after the devastation from WWI. The paper relates that, in the sphere of government, France was given autonomy through the Vichy government, whereas the Poles, seen as nothing better than pack animals, barely more worthy of life than Jews, were given no such autonomy.
From the Paper
"One of the first actions of the German administration of Northern France was to try to make the region economically stable again. This was not done out of the goodness of the Nazis' hearts, but rather because France could become a valuable factory for war material and food. This area of France was also where the proposed invasion of Britain, "Operation Sealion", was to be launched. The iron, steel, and other natural resource industries were nationalized in order to give the Germans better control. In order to try to prevent wartime inflation and shortages, price controls were instituted."
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Decentralisation in France, 2002.
An outline of the principal advantages of and obstacles to decentralisation in France.
3,282 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how France has remained far more centralised than many of its European neighbours and seeks to explain why this is so. It considers a number of factors including its highly divided social and political history and attitudes towards state power. It also explores the recent growth in decentralisation in France and attempts to reveal that while France has benefited from decentralisation in several areas, it has been unable to commit fully to the process due to a number of inherent obstacles which derive from a ?cultural and historical legacy? that has been responsible for France?s highly centralised nature.
From the Paper
"One of the key reasons behind France?s long history of centralisation is that of its highly divided political values. It is generally accepted that the more a society is divided the more likely it is to have a centralised government and vice versa. In a homogenous society with shared interests and values it can be assumed that it is safe to allow decentralisation, yet this has certainly not been the case in France (at least until the late 1960s) where the government and its opposition have been completely split throughout much of France?s history. Logically, it then follows that the French government would be less enthusiastic for decentralisation as it may have allowed for a loss of power to opposition parties."
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Decline of France?, 2004.
This paper is a literature review seeking an answer to the question: Has France declined?
2,595 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that, in the areas of the arts and politics, France surely was an able leader; but today, unemployment is at 10 percent and rising, the national debt has doubled in eight years, and the country has fallen to tenth position in the European Union for income per capita. The author points out three main arguments on the causes of the decline of France: the chaotic history up to the end of decolonization; the domestic confusion caused by lost opportunities and mistaken choices since 1970; and the months after French President Jacques Chirac's re-election in May 2002 with 82 per cent of the vote, followed by some of the worst economic statistics since the war. The paper concludes that France, like every other country, has its good and bad points, successes and failures; other Western nations, including Britain and the United States, need to do some internal cleaning as well.
From the Paper
"Further, in a Time magazine article ?From Decline to Renewal? Stanley Hoffman quotes what he considers a still-relevant quote by President Charles De Gaulle. He invoked "old France, overburdened by history, bruised by wars and revolutions, moving endlessly from grandeur to decline and back, but regenerated, century after century, by the genius for renewal." The article then notes that France, which was so devastated by World War II occupation, has to be commended on its reconstruction, industrial revolution along with the modernization of the country?s agriculture."
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France and England in the Middle Ages, 2002.
A discussion of why England achieved centralized power in the Middle Ages and why France became more powerful than England in the 13th century.
1,362 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how both France and England vied to become the most powerful monarchies in Europe and how throughout the 13th and 14th century, wars for land and supremacy were fought until each became a power in its own right. It focuses on the questions of how England achieved centralized power much faster than France, due to the political and territorial layout of the country and how France become more powerful than England in the 13th century due to the leadership of Louis the IX and other events culminating in the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215 which forced the English king to relinquish much of his power.
From the Paper
"The King of France was only able to achieve centralized leadership through territorial sovereignty through inheritance, marriage and finally war. This was not an easy task because there was a great deal of loyalty within the cities and they supported their local jurisdictions. The problem was finally resolved when the Crown allowed regional powers to maintain some of their local customs and laws but was governed by a selected official of the Crown.
But France had to struggle with the clergy and issues that would affect them as well as the constituency. They never quite achieved the level of support for royal initiatives from the church that was needed to perpetuate the Crown as a central authority."
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E-Commerce In France, 2002.
Addresses the issues in setting up an internet business site in France.
1,175 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
A recent survey showed that more than 4 million people in France are connected to the internet. The paper explains that this growing number suggests that France is a suitable market to establish an E-Commerce business. The paper discusses a business plan of establishing an internet presence to sell adventure tours in France to overseas clients.
From the Paper
"It is estimated in our plan that we will need an initial employee base of 12 (including sales technicians) and this is six more than would be needed in America to do the same job. The reason for the difference is the 35-hour workweek, a reality that is hard to achieve in the Internet field. One solution to this problem is to have our French partner handle the hiring and firing, since he will be more fluent with the language and more aware of the intent and the letter of the law. This is based on the fact that many laws and regulations can be bypassed if the right fees are paid in the most discrete ways."
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Fashion and France, 2004.
This paper discusses the country factors of France, which is considered the epicenter of the fashion industry.
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, despite today?s globalized fashion industry, individual country factors, including the relative stability of the country, its political organization, its administrative structure, and its legislative and judiciary systems, play a role in the health of the fashion industry within that nation. The author relates that the overall affect of the political organization of France has many of the stabilizing components similar to that of the United States, which are proven necessary for an individual nation's stability; therefore, the likelihood of France remaining stable governmentally in the next ten years is on par with the United States. The paper concludes that France is equally likely to continue to be a comfortable ?seat? for the fashion industry.
From the Paper
"A further distinction of the French judiciary is that it has two main branches that divide cases between administrative types (involving government), and the normal civil and criminal cases. As a further ?check and balance? measure, judges in the criminal, civil, and administrative courts cannot be removed from their positions without ?cause? by the executive or legislative branches of government. Further, like the United States system, the French judiciary refers all appellate cases through a system of higher courts, all the way up to the ?supreme court-like? Council of State (founded by Napoleon Bonaparte), which further oversees the legality of governmental decisions."
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Television Media in France, 2006.
This paper explores television media in France and how it has changed over time.
1,817 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the development of the television media in France and examines the ownership of the television channels, including the role of the government in controlling the television media. The paper looks at the program content, such as the different genres of shows featured on television including which are most popular and offers examples of specific television shows and their ratings. The writer illustrates this and notes how the phenomenal rise distinctly reflects the mushrooming of available channels. The paper also provides a brief comparison of the similarity between the television content in France and America.
Contents:
Development of the Television Media in France
Ownership
The role of the Government in Controlling the Television Media
The Program Content...
Examples of Specific Television Shows and Their Ratings
Recent Developments in the Television Media...
A Brief Comparison...
From the Paper
"Ever since the dawn of television since the initial part of 1970, broadcasting in France was controlled by a public service culture and an administrative philosophy. Under the strict administration of the Minister of Information, and subsequently of Culture and sometimes of Communication, broadcasting was managed by a single functionary, the Office of French Radio and Television -- ORTF. Till 1968, the body was fully funded by license fees and enjoyed the status of a unique triple monopoly on signal transmission, programming content and production. Commercial broadcasting was disallowed on the justification that it would result in mediocre programming or disparities among viewers. This initial phase of broadcasting was marked by extremely high authoritarian broadcasting and television was considered as a tool for promotion of culture and education and was not believed to fulfill the preferences of the majority. Accountability was absent and little audience research. Government used the medium to justify its political moves and controlled news content. President Georges Pompidou declared in 1970 that the television was the voice of people of France at home and overseas implying that television was supposed to symbolize the opinion of the legitimate Government and the cultural resources of the French nation."
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Marie de France's "Eliduc", 2008.
An analysis of the social conventions and gender differences in Marie de France's "Eliduc."
1,173 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces and discusses Marie de France's "Eliduc," which is a typical Medieval story of courtly love. It describes the plot of the story, as well as the main characters. The paper then discusses Gayle Rubin's theories about the the social conventions of the story of "Eliduc" in her work, "Traffic of Women." It also describes how Rubin specifically looks at the social conventions regarding the gender differences in Marie de France's story.
From the Paper
"By taking the example of the animals, the characters highlight the importance of unrestrained desire, which does not wait for social confirmation or acceptance of an action. Expectedly, the triangle would have been solved either with Guilliadun's death or with the sacrifice of the unlawful couple. Here however, social oppression is shaken off by the sacrifice performed by Eliduc's wife. Without further thought, she is so rejoiced at the revival of Guilliadun that she decides instantly to go to a convent and take the veil, thus leaving her husband free to marry his chosen lady. Love is thus placed hierarchically above the constraining marriage. The end of the story brings back the reconciliation of the characters with God, as they marry and then all retire to a convent: "Eliduc married his beloved; the celebrations were conducted with great honor and a noble service on the day of their wedding. They lived together for a long time, and their love was entirely courtly. They gave generous alms and did good deeds, until finally they turned towards God."("Eliduc") Earthly love and divine love are thus brought together and reconciled."
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France, 2004.
A discussion on the state of France pre and post Louis XIV's rule.
2,260 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the polemic of Louis XIV that led to the modernization of France and the Age of Enlightenment. It begins with a discussion on the state of France before Louis XIV's ascension to the throne and extends to the results of his rule after his death.
From the Paper
"Louis XIII rejected the Queen Mother and her claims for family in favor of the Cardinal and his claims for the state saying" "I am more obligated to the state". It is argued that this day more than any other single day may be called the birthday of the modern state ..."
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Britain and France - Political Comparison, 2005.
A comparison of Britain's and France's different political systems.
1,874 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the two-party system of Britain and the multi-party system of France. The paper discusses the various advantages of the two political systems and questions whether they are suitable for their respective countries. The writer explains that in recent years many British citizens have called for a new system--the multi-party system-arguing that the two-party system produces stable governments, rather than stable democracy - and the latter is more desirable.
Outline
Introduction
Britain's Two-Party System
France's Multi-Party System
Will Britain Transition to a Multi-Party System?
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Many democracies in Europe have traditionally aligned themselves on the left-right axes (Katz and Mair, 1995). The main difference is the amount of government involvement they advocate. Left-wing parties usually promote more government involvement to overcome the market failures and provide social service. Right-wing parties promote more free market oriented politics of free enterprise.
In competitive systems, there is a sharp distinction between two-party systems, which often promote a party strategy of moderation and compromise intended to win a majority vote, and multiparty systems, where there is less compromise and in which a party's strategic plan places a strong emphasis on maintaining the support of its primary voters (Katz, 1981). However, generally speaking, the structure and behavior of a specific country's political parties is strongly dependent on the country's political and cultural history."
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Politics in France and Germany, 2002.
A comparison of the political systems in Germany and France.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper will compare the political cultures of France and Germany. The goal of this paper is to determine the role of each state and the national identity as compared to the other. This paper will also look at the underlying belief system of France and Germany and how they've come together as a union.
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