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Fragile X Disorder and Communication, 2002.
This paper outlines Fragile X disorder with a detailed description of the biological cause of the disorder, as well as an explanation of the subsequent communication disorders
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the debilitating disease called Fragile X Disorder. It examines the physical characteristics of people who suffer from this disorder as well as mental and behavioral problems. It focuses on the specific issue of speech impairments causing communication problems.
From the paper:
"Fragile X is the most common inherited cause of developmental and learning disabilities, affecting as many as one person in every 1,000 (Saunders, 1999). Fragile X is a sex-linked genetic disorder and is named so because of a fragile site on the tip of the long arm of the X chromosome where it looks as if a piece of the chromosome is broken off (Saunders, 1999). The gene responsible for the disorder is Fragile Mental Retardation 1 (FMR-1) and can be diagnosed through DNA testing (Saunders, 1999). The FMR-1 gene becomes faulty due to an expansion of three nucleotides, Cytosine-Guanine-Guanine (CGG), which inhibits the production of the FMR protein; the FMR protein is essential for normal brain development (Symons, et al, 2001). "
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Fragile X Syndrome, 2003.
Discussing the paradigm for understanding normal and disordered neuronal development, known as Fragile X Syndrome.
7,532 words (approx. 30.1 pages), 44 sources, MLA, $ 165.95
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Abstract
Examination of Fragile X Syndrome from a genetic, neurological, and neuro-psychological perspective. Includes current research on this disorder. It provides information about the characteristics of the disorder, treatment available, and medical research performed. It also examines how this disorder affects a sufferer's daily life.
Table of Contents
I. Introduction
i. Physical characteristics
ii. Behavioural and non-physical characteristics
II. Neuronal Development
i. Normal development
ii. Development in FraX
III. Fragile X Mental Retardation Gene (FMR1)
i. FMR1 and FraX
ii. Gender differences
IV. Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP)
i. FMR1 mutation and FMRP
ii. FMRP and synaptic plasticity
iii. Evidence from animal models and non-human studies
iv. FMRP as mRNA-binding protein
V. Molecular-Genetic Basis of Fragile X Syndrome
i. Normal development
ii. Moderate FMRP deficiency
iii. Severe FMRP deficiency
iv. Mechanism of FMRP in mediating neuronal development
VI. FMRP and Development of Fragile X: Hypotheses
i. FMRP and synapse formation during development
ii. FMRP and translation at postsynaptic site
VII. FRAXE and FMR2
i. Mutation and phenotype
VIII. Brain Abnormalities
i. Evidence from structural magnetic resonance imaging studies
IX. Neuro-psychological Profiles
i. Males with FraX
ii. Females with FraX
X. Current Research
i. Cortisol and stress-related behaviour in children with FraX
ii. Neurocognition in female permutation carriers
iii. FRAXE and obsessive-compulsive disorder
iv. Fragile X permutation and neurologic disorders
XI. Future Directions of Research
i. Potential areas of exploration
ii. Treatment
XII. References
From the Paper
"Fragile X syndrome (FraX) is the single most common form of inherited mental impairment (Glaser et al., 2003). Studies place prevalence rates of the disorder at approximately 1 in 2000-5000 live births, affecting as many as 1 in 4000 females and twice as many males (Churchill et al., 2002). It is second only to Down syndrome as a cause of mental impairment and appears in children of all ethnic, racial, and socio-economic backgrounds (Fragile X Association, 2003). The pace of research into the genetic, molecular, anatomical, neuropsychological, and psychosocial factors underlying this disorder has grown at an exponential rate in recent years. FraX is described by Nobel Laureate and co-discoverer of the DNA double-helix, Dr. James D. Watson, as the ?first major triumph of the genome project? (FRAXA Research Foundation, 2002), and its potential as a paradigm of study by which to understand normal and disordered processes of development is immeasurable."
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Fragile X Syndrome, 2006.
An overview of the genetic disorder known as fragile X syndrome.
2,685 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the complexities and mysteries surrounding fragile X syndrome. After explaining that fragile X syndrome is a serious genetic disorder that is believed to be the most common form of inherited metal impairment, the paper then attempts to clear up the confusion and misconceptions that surround the syndrome.
Table of Contents
Fragile X Syndrome: The Basics
Causes of Fragile X Syndrome
Females' Milder Symptoms: Explanation
Characteristics
Physical Characteristics
Cognitive Impairments
Behavioral Issues
Sensory Issues and Hypersensitivity
Speech and Language
Treatment
From the Paper
"Fragile X syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes a variety of physical, behavioral, cognitive, sensory, social and speech problems that present themselves at birth. The symptoms are often similar to those with autism, especially in males. In fact, around one-third of all children diagnosed with fragile X syndrome are also diagnosed as autistic, and fragile X syndrome is the most common known cause of autism. The main difference between fragile X syndrome and autism, however, is that children with fragile X syndrome are usually much more interested in social interactions than are autistic children."
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Fragile X Syndrome, 2003.
An overview of the genetic disease, Fragile X Syndrome.
3,634 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Fragile X syndrome, also known as Martin-Bell syndrome, one of the most frequently inherited forms/causes of mental retardation. It looks at how the disorder is derived from a genetically inherited, single-gene mutation and how individuals who have Fragile X syndrome have symptoms that are resultant from a mutated gene on the X chromosome. It provides a short introduction, the genetics behind the disease, the mechanisms of the protein production and lack of therapy, diagnosis and symptoms.
From the Paper
"The cause of Fragile X all boils down to a change in a single gene: an alteration in the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. The mutation inactivates the FMR1 gene, which in turn interferes with the process involved in regulating FMRP protein content. This gene is located on the X chromosome, hence the name Fragile X syndrome. Current research indicates that the FMRP protein assists in cellular communication.3 The sex chromosome alleles for males and females are XY and XX, respectively. This establishes an understanding that Fragile X syndrome, involving the X chromosome, is a sex-linked trait. Since males and females contain either one or two X chromosomes, either can pass on the mutated gene to their offspring."
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Fragile X, 2005.
An exploration into the physical, cognitive and psychosocial aspects of development in Fragile X affected individuals.
1,161 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper defines Fragile X syndrome, the genetic complications it causes and reviews the incidence of inheritance. The paper then discusses the physical, cognitive and psychosocial aspects of living with Fragile X syndrome.
From the Paper
"Fragile X syndrome is a relatively common chromosomal disorder that can cause many different levels of mental retardation and can have an effect on all aspects of a person's development. According to The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) pamphlet, Facts About Fragile X Syndrome, the syndrome is, "The most common genetically-inherited form of mental retardation currently known"(1). By exploring the cause, treatment, and decisions that can face the families of those dealing with the disorder, the effect Fragile X has on the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial aspects of human development can be better appreciated."
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Fragile X Syndrome, 2001.
A detailed look at the learning disability and form of mental retardation called Fragile X Syndrome.
1,115 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 38.95
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Abstract
A look at Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), a learning disability and a form of mental retardation, which is hereditary. The author discusses the risk factors involved, statistics of the disability and clinical characteristics of the disease and offers some treatment information.
From the Paper
"Of all the learning disabilities and forms of mental retardation, which are hereditary, Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common. Fragile X Syndrome occurs in the X chromosome of the male or female. Inherited in an X-linked fashion, Fragile X Syndrome can cause intellectual and cognitive deficits ranging from subtle learning disabilities and normal IQ to the other extent of severe mental retardation including autistic behaviors in both males and females. The clinical characteristics can be divided into 3 major areas: cognitive, physical, and behavioral."
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Abandoned & Medically Fragile Infants: Assistance Act of 1995, 2002.
A study on the New Jersey legislation, "Abandoned and Medically Fragile Infants Assistance Act of 1995".
1,920 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the New Jersey legislation, "Assistance Act of 1995" for abandoned and medically fragile infants, which was designed to curb the continuously increasing numbers of infants who were either abandoned by parents who are simply incapable of providing proper nurturing environment for their child. It explores the possible social reasons for the abandonment. The paper describes grants and provision of services available and foster families and foster care institutes to better utilize them for the benefit of all those medically fragile infants.
Table of Contents
Review of the Act
Purpose of the Act
Congress Research Findings
Grants for Projects/Services
Priority in Provision of Services
Case Plan With Respect to Foster Care
Administration of Grant
Requirements of Application:
Grants to provide nurturing home environments & family-centered services for medically fragile infants
Evaluations, Studies & Reports by Secretary
Definitions
Abandoned' & Abandonment
Dangerous Drugs
Natural Family
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Secretary
Authorization of Appropriations
Recommendations
Works Cited
From the Paper
"On March 16, 1995, ?In the House of Representatives?, Mr. Payne of New Jersey introduced a bill, which was referred to the Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities. The main motive behind this act was to establish a program that would assist abandoned and medically fragile infants. Consequently; the bill was cited as ?Abandoned and Medically Fragile Infants Assistance Act of 1995?".
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Invisible Man and Malcolm X, 2005.
A literary review and comparison of Ralph Ellison's "Invisible Man" and "The Autobiography of Malcolm X" by Malcolm X.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts Ralph Ellison's novel, "Invisible Man" and Malcolm X's "The Autobiography of Malcolm X". The paper focuses on the sociological and political ideologies illustrated in the two books. The author of the paper highlights how the search for self-definition is a major theme of the analysis.
From the Paper
"It was an era of racism segregation and inequality during which Ralph Ellison and Malcolm X lived. Lacking equal protections in law comparable to Whites. African Americans endured second-class citizen status in American ..."
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Communicating with Difficult People, 2008.
This paper explores methods of communication and types of communicators in communicating with the difficult individual.
2,481 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper focuses on a case study of a difficult individual, a principle of an office, who refuses to consider the opinion of others. The paper analyzes this problem using relevant theoretical concepts and perspectives and makes practical recommendations on how the problem could be resolved from interpersonal and communication perspectives. The paper identifies the 'Know It All' and the 'Sherman Tank' as the types of communicators that would be specifically inclusive of this particular difficult individual.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction to Communication Theory
Dealing With Difficult People
Different Types of Difficult Behavior
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Christiansen, Cochran, and Corkery (2000) entitled: "Dealing with Difficult People: A Training Program" published by the University of Iowa, University Counseling Service states that the program at the University of Iowa is one specifically designed so that the learner will be provided with the opportunity "to learn more effective strategies for relating to angry, emotional, or tearful individuals." This type of program should be completed by the individual "who finds themselves in situations where they have to cope with emotional individuals.""
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Malcolm X, 2006.
An examination of the book "The Autobiography of Malcolm X: As Told To Alex Haley", by Malcolm X and Alex Haley.
2,422 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
In this examination of "The Autobiography of Malcolm X: As Told to Alex Haley", by Malcolm X and Alex Haley, the author highlights many pertinent points from the book and about the life of Malcolm X. The author tells us that the book looks at the era in which Malcolm X lived as a time when racism was running rampant in the United States. As a result of his experiences Malcolm X became an angry activist who hated everything that white society represented. The paper describes how Malcolm X himself became a racist and he believed that all whites were evil, after his conversion to Islam. The author delves into this further pointing out what made Malcolm X change his way of thinking to become a well known civil rights activist, who is still thought of in a positive light today. Finally the paper reiterates the major changes that Malcolm X went through during his life to make him a key leader of the black civil rights movement in the United States.
From the Paper
"Malcolm continued to have a great loyalty to Muhammad, even when Muhammad became too old to actively participate in Nation events. Malcolm then became more and more active in the groups decision making processes. It was at this time that Malcolm and Muhammad noticed that have had some differences in ideology. While they both wished to fight for black rights, Muhammad's goal was to create a completely separate black nation-state that would have a different economy and culture than the rest of the country. Malcolm, however, believed that this would only happen if they took care of the poor black people living in ghettos first. Malcolm wanted the group to become more involved with politics and to change America as a whole, rather than just trying to separate black America from white America. These differing philosophies, as well as Malcolm's growing influence led to Muhammad trying to have Malcolm killed. While this was very difficult for Malcolm, it led to another change in philosophy for him."
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"Malcolm X"?.
This paper discusses Spike Lee's film, "Malcolm X ," an adaptation of "The Autobiography of Malcolm X".
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Spike Lee's film, "Malcolm X," depicts the way Malcolm X, in prison, forged his identity based on social and religious values, not the values of the dominant white culture, but rather values in opposition to the white Anglo-Saxon Protestant culture, which, for centuries, had oppressed persons of African descent. The author points out that Malcolm X was a sincere adherent to Islam, which was not the religion of his African ancestors, but the religion of modern Africa. The paper relates that Spike Lee demonstrates how, when Malcolm X embraced Sunni Islam and incorporated its teachings into his approach toward black liberation, his militant views became more tempered; this shift from pure militancy toward cooperation directly led to his assassination.
From the Paper
"As Lee's movie shows, Malcolm's family history and early experiences affected his radical political views. He joined the Nation of Islam while in prison, as he felt a sense of camaraderie and solidarity that he never would have found in the outside world. Lee depicts how Malcolm X was deeply and personally affected by his exposure to the Muslim religion. In fact, one of the most remarkable things about the life of Malcolm X was his ability to grow with his religious beliefs, rather than having his religious beliefs dictate strictly what his actions were. As the film points out, Malcolm X did the necessary pilgrimage to Mecca shortly before he was assassinated."
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"The Autobiography of Malcolm X", 2002.
This paper provides an analysis of Malcolm X's views on racism in America in "The Autobiography of Malcolm X".
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the main themes that are covered in the work "The Autobiography of Malcolm X" by Malcolm X. By understanding the main ideas behind his view on racism in America, the writer demostrates the different view of a black that fought hard for equal rights, within the period of the civil rights era. Some of the basics precepts of his work are examined, as well as the core ideas that represent his thought in the struggle for equality of the races in the United States.
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Communicating the Gospel, 2006.
A discussion on the importance of communicating the Gospel in missionary work and the factors that may affect how the Gospel is communicated.
2,579 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the importance of communicating the Gospel in missionary work cannot be overstated. The paper also points out that, without an effective way of communicating the Gospel, the targeted audience will never be converted. The paper then discusses the ways in which the Gospel can be communicated and the importance of selecting a method that suits the community that the missionary is in. The paper further describes the ways that media selection play a key role in the presentation of the Gospel and discusses the impact that globalization has had on missionary work.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Philosophy of Communication
Initial Considerations
Message Contextualization
Method Determination
Media Selection
Measurement Implementation
Globalization
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Globalization is a current trend throughout the world that is having a large impact on missions. Where a missionary used to struggle to find things to relate to, a missionary can now enter remote areas of China and chat with teenage boys about the latest episode of The Simpsons thanks to the television. While globalization has many more negative impacts than positive ones, it seems, there are a few bright spots that can aide a missionary in his attempt to contextualize the Gospel or the media that he'll use to present it. In China, little kids swap Christmas cards without even realizing the meaning behind them; this presents an open door for a missionary to relate the Gospel to the child. Muslims, who are from a very exclusionary culture, are provided with access to pluralistic ideas through the television and the internet that might challenge their thinking enough to open them up to the Gospel ."
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Alex Haley's "The Autobiography of Malcolm X", 1991.
This paper reviews "The Autobiography of Malcolm X" as told to Alex Haley that relates how Malcom X discovered his black identity.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
""The Autobiography of Malcolm X" as told to Alex Haley, the author of Roots, is a powerful book because it carries through on the theme of discovering black identity. Malcolm X was one of the primary religious leaders and reformers of the 1960s, but it took him a number of years to shed his old preconceptions of who blacks were in America. As he learned to accept his black identity, Malcolm began his short-lived career as a powerful force in the fight against racism in the United States.
Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska. From the very beginning, even though Malcolm had not discovered his black identity, he had a very clear picture of what it meant to be a black in the United States. "When my mother was pregnant with me, she told me later, a party of hooded ... "
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Malcolm X and Eliezer, 2002.
A comparison of Malcolm X and the prophet Eliezer.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper is about the experiences and reactions of Malcolm X at various instances in his life. While Eliezer resigned and submitted to agony, Malcolm X rose to transform himself through a similar kind of struggle. Both suffered injustice. When Eliezer saw the Jews in misery and the immense amount of pain, he lost his belief in God after doubting much. But the misery encountered by Malcolm X only made him want to change and to make things real. Malcolm X became a strong believer in God.
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