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Foreign Policy, Media Diplomacy and Propaganda, 2006.
This paper examines the role of media diplomacy, public diplomacy and propaganda in the reporting of the meeting between the President of the United States and the Prime Minister of Israel on April 15, 2004.
1,068 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at several different reports of this event and analyzes how the use of media and public diplomacy, along with propaganda, shape the way in which news is actually reported. The paper discusses how the United States focused on the commitment to fighting terrorism as its outcome of the meeting, the Middle-East focused on the United States' public support of the continued oppression of the Palestinians while the United Kingdom saw it as another act of arrogance by the Bush administration and used it as an attack on its own Prime Minister. The paper shows how vastly different the reports of one event can be and what one event can mean to so many different people.
From the Paper
"Public and media diplomacy are closely related and often confused with each other. Public diplomacy is defined as a one-sided, usually half truthful communication designed to persuade public opinion where media diplomacy is essentially the same but uses a television medium to get the point across either locally or internationally. Many media and press outlets utilized this particular event to get their one-sided point across to the only audience that mattered, the one that was listening."
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Foreign Policy Formulation, 2007.
A look at the the key factors that influence foreign policy decisions with reference to the foreign policy of Britain and Germany.
959 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the varied and numerous factors and actors in international relations that influence foreign policy formulation in Britain and Germany. Transnational Organizations such as the UN and the EU are covered, along with NATO's role post WWII. Concepts such as 'chequebook diplomacy' are explained and also the emergence of a new national German interest post 9/11 is examined.
From the Paper
"The Anglo-American relationship is reputed to be the strongest bond to have existed between two independent sovereign nations, certainly in terms of foreign policy harmonization. The UK claims "a special relationship with the United States, not shared by others" (Kenneth Younger, 1964, p104), throughout Europe, although Germany shares some common interest with her through NATO, having occasionally stoically exhibited this commitment. "Germany prefers to compromise its tradition of military restrain, rather than weakening its reputation as a reliable partner within NATO" (Volker Rittberger, 2001, p179), as German participation in Kosovo demonstrated."
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Japan's Foreign Policy, 2002.
This paper discusses Japan's foreign policy and the reasons behind recent changes.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the key features of Japan?s foreign policy and also studies the reasons that exist behind its peace-oriented strategies. The author finds that Japan brought significant changes to its centuries-old foreign policy on two occasions during the 20th century. This paper focuses on the importance of world events which prompted Japan to abandon its policy of isolation and passive diplomacy and urged it to adopt a more positive, active and independent foreign policy.
From the Paper
"In order to understand the key features of Japan?s foreign policy, it is important to take a look at the history of Japan?s foreign policymaking. Since the Edo period, the country was interested more in protecting its borders from foreign attacks and threats and less in developing healthy positive relations with other countries of the world. Japanese policymakers were of the view that increase in power and might would help the country secure its borders against foreign aggression, but the problem was that, in doing so, the country completely forgot about development of healthy diplomatic relations."
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Japan's Foreign Policy, 2002.
This paper discusses the foreign policy of Japan and traces the history of policymaking in this country, emphasizing U.S.-Japanese relations and the reasons behind the changing faces of international relations.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the key features of Japan?s foreign policy and also studies the reasons that exist behind its peace-oriented strategies.
The author looks at how Japan brought significant changes to its centuries-old foreign policy at two occasions during the 20th century. The paper focuses on the importance of world events which prompted Japan to abandon its policy of isolation and passive diplomacy and urged it to adopt a more positive, active and independent foreign policy.
From the Paper
"In order to understand the key features of Japan's foreign policy, it is important to take a look at the history of Japan's foreign policymaking. Since the Edo period, the country was interested more in protecting its borders from foreign attacks and threats and less in developing healthy positive relations with other countries of the world. Japanese policymakers were of the view that increase in power and might would help the country secure its borders against foreign aggression, but the problem was that, in doing so, the country completely forgot about development of healthy diplomatic relations."
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Shifting American Foreign Policy, 2004.
This paper looks at changes in American foreign policy.
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this essay, American foreign policy is discussed. The writer examines how today, American foreign policy has begun to stray from its proud legacy of balanced diplomacy and legitimate action. The writer discusses that from 1945 through the end of the Cold War, containment and deterrence kept the U.S. out of a "hot" war of global proportions. The writer looks at how today, the doctrine of preemptive war threatens to undermine that prior objective.
From the Paper
"American foreign policy has undergone many a shift in the nearly six decades since the close of World War II. At that time the wake of Hitler's dark and illegitimate aggression against his neighbors and the Jews, had given the world reason for serious pause. The principle of might makes right had been thoroughly borne out and with disastrous results. In the immediate aftermath, the United States, working with Europe and in fact inspiring the Charter of the United Nations, established that in an increasingly dangerous world peace must ... "
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U.S. Foreign Policy, 2005.
This paper discusses extensively the history and problems of U.S. foreign policy or public diplomacy.
4,370 words (approx. 17.5 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that, despite a checkered past with foreign affairs stratagems, the Bush White House has offered a hard-line approach to exercising its own public diplomacy. The author points out that the United Nations has developed parallel competencies in its main organs so that each arm might pick up the slack dropped by another office of the administration. The paper concludes that the concept of American Democracy demands a citizen to stand aware of the world around him and educate himself on the issues before making any conclusions about policy, leadership and the American place in the world.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
Evaluation
Conclusion
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Public diplomacy in the United States is comparable to the American view of Al-Jazeera; while Americans see the Arab press group as biased proliferators of terrorist videotaping, ideology, and violent action, the American press groups are locked in a system of permissive oversight, corporate monopoly, and pervasive negligence to fact as it is spawned out of the press room of the white house directly through the office public diplomacy. The cost is not financial, although with great skill, the DOD has secured a flexible budgeting schedule for the office of public diplomacy, which has more than 17 budget earmarks plus separate appropriations for broadcasting, including the taped press releases running the fine line between fact and spin."
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Media Studies and Diplomacy, 2003.
A survey of the use of media to further public diplomacy.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the use of media to further public diplomacy. It defines public diplomacy and how it promotes the national interests of a country. The recent use of television and the World Wide Web by governments in the area of public diplomacy is also explored.
From the Paper
" Public diplomacy deals with the ways the citizens of one country communicate their national personality and goals to other countries. It attempts to promote the national interests of one country through understanding ..."
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Vietnam and Foreign Policy, 2007.
This paper examines the major shifts that have taken place in American foreign policy since the end of the Vietnam War.
1,404 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the Vietnam War offered the conditions for the US to realize the change in the international political environment and the need for diplomatic cooperation more than military confrontation. The paper looks at Henry Kissinger's new diplomacy that offered the detente period, which advocated for the first time the existence of more than two centers of power. The paper shows how from this point on, subsequent administrations worked, more or less, to reaching a peaceful outcome to the Cold War.
From the Paper
"The Vietnam War can be rightfully seen as a pivotal moment in the history of the 20th century. The human loss could only be estimated, as there were too many unknown events that influenced the final outcome of the victim count, as "over 57, 000 Americans- and hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese- died. Total American expenses have been calculated at over a trillion dollars." (Rothney and Findley, 1986, 300) However important is the human factor, aside from the tragedies of the Vietnamese and American peoples who engaged their troops on the battlefield, there is the aspect of the dramatic political shift that the war and its outcome provoked."
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Foreign Policy towards the Middle East, 2007.
This paper explains what must be the goals of the U.S. administration's future Middle Eastern policy.
1,247 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the the goals of future U.S. Middle Eastern policy should be peace, the promise of a new United States image in the region, and greater independence from the nations that would cause harm. The writer then argues that the three main goals of the next administration should and must be to begin to bring the current conflict in Iraq to a successful or at least manageable political and diplomatic solution rather than a military conclusion, to facilitate new negotiations between the Israelis and Palestinians and finally to reduce U.S. dependence on Middle Eastern oil. The writer concludes that diplomacy and acting multilaterally must be the goal, both of the U.S. policy in its phased withdrawal from Iraq and also in continuing to strive to broker an effective peace between the Israelis and the Palestinians.
From the Paper
"At present, Iraq is a failed state and American military policy is a failed policy. The Iraqi government cannot protect its people, deliver services, collect revenues, or administer its laws. Renegade Iraqi militias are the real legal powers. Embedding more U.S. troops will simply result in further U.S. causalities. A diplomatic solution is the only hope."
"The goal of the next administration must be to create a representational Iraqi government over the next four years that is able to exert control over its oil reserves, force the militias to transfer military power to the state regime, and enforce minority rights. In exchange for turning over arms there will be amnesty for all combatants, to avoid diverting important resources into show trials that will only further divide the nation, as did the trial and execution of the former dictator Saddam Hussein."
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Cross-Media and Foreign Ownership Laws, 2007.
This paper discusses Australia's relaxation of cross-media and foreign ownership laws.
4,270 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that 2007 Australian business reforms welcome foreign media players and allow local media groups, already in place, to merge into cross-media ownership: the simultaneous ownership of television, radio and newspaper licenses and other media platforms. The author points out that the main purpose of these reforms are to maximize the business benefits of the operations of media. The paper stresses that media ownership around the world is seen as a reflection of a nation's political conditions, such as democratic countries by rights allow pluralism of ownership as exemplified by the more liberal foreign ownership laws and cross-media mergers in U.K., Canada, Germany, New Zealand and Japan.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Foreign Ownership of Media
Cross-Media Transactions
Rationale for Reform
Framework of Reform
Global Trends in Media Deregulation
Discussion and Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are no existing restrictions on media ownership for both foreign and local entities in New Zealand, Sweden and Finland. Japan previously prohibited a single firm from owning more than one TV stations but this law had been lifted. Italy and Germany are an interesting study since both countries have sternly avoided the concentration of media ownership in a few hands but this rule is followed more in the breach than in the observance. In the US, cross-media ownership of a TV license, radio franchise and newspaper is not allowed for a single person, especially in markets with three TV stations or less."
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Cross-Media and Foreign Ownership Laws, 2006.
The relaxation of cross-media and foreign ownership laws in Australia.
4,271 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the relaxation by the Australian authorities of cross-media and foreign ownership laws. The debate seems to balance out as to the number of the pros and cons and the weight of the arguments of each side. However, sifting through the arguments the paper shows that they meet halfway on the need to protect media against excess concentration of power and foreign influence. On these concerns, the Australian government seems to draw lessons from the media liberalization programs of other developed countries, which are allowing cross-media ownership and foreign participation up to more manageable limits and only in specific media areas where activities are calculated to pose lesser risks. The paper concludes that the problem is that, despite these safeguards, people will always look at media deregulation with suspicion and misgiving because of the sensitive nature of this industry.
From the Paper
"After Lord Morley left journalism to join government service in the early stages of the development of media in UK, there is an oft-quoted remark made to him by Kennedy Jones, co-founder of the venerable Daily Mail. "You left journalism a profession. We made it a branch of commerce," Jones told Morley. The equally famous rejoinder was: "The more, the pity." One view in effect exults that media has evolved into a business proposition, where profit takes precedence over its traditionally loftier priorities. The other opinion looks with sadness at such commercialization of journalism, implying that this is inimical to public interest.
That pithy exchange from the past captures the essence of the present-day debate in Australia triggered by the government announcement of plans to deregulate media after 20 years of controls on foreign ownership and cross-media transactions. The Morley-Jones clash of views between the public service and business orientation of media deferred to old UK conditions, but the same hairsplitting still rings true today and continues to reverberate throughout the world as economic opportunities diminish and competition for scarce resources tighten up. Since almost all sectors of national economies have been served up for foreign interests in the universal drive to generate much-needed foreign investment, governments in many parts of the world, both developed and underdeveloped, are fixing their attention on the media industry as the last remaining enticement for foreign investors. As Australian Sen. Ron Walker puts it: "Media has become the last major industry begging for reform to bring it to the 21st century." By inference, the senator is batting for a new scheme that would keep Australian media in step with the times by allowing foreign investment into the arena."
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Media Propaganda, 2005.
This paper discusses an article written by Noam Chomsky and Edward Herman on media propaganda.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the article written by Noam Chomsky and Edward Herman on media propaganda suggests that the elitists control the mass media; therefore, newspaper and magazines is skewed. The author points out that Chomsky and Herman claim that all media outlets are subject to elitist opinions and agendas. The paper cites that Chomsky accuses journalists of manipulating the truth in an effort to promote the interests of the media owners and conglomerates.
From the Paper
"Noam Chomsky and Edward Herman designed the "propaganda model" in an effort to explain the role of the mass media and its' corruption. The authors suggest that the media, including newspapers, radio, and television, is controlled by the elite particularly in democratic societies. Many people assume that media control is more typical in dictatorship societies, however Chomsky and Herman believe otherwise. They claim that the purpose of the media is to provide the public with information and entertainment. The authors also suggest that the media influences society's norms, values, codes of behavior, and beliefs."
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Propaganda and Media, 2005.
This paper uses the theories of Noam Chomsky and Kathleen Jamieson to discuss propaganda and the media.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article the theories of Noam Chomsky and Kathleen Jamieson are used to examine propaganda and the media. The writer looks at Jamieson's view of media manipulation. The writer also discusses Chomsky's view of civic democracy and the right to meaningful participation.
From the Paper
"Noam Chomsky proposes two alternative views of civic democracy in which on the one hand the public is perceived as having the right to meaningful participation in the management of their own affairs and the means of information are open and free and on the other hand a view holding that the public must be barred from such activities and the means of information must be kept narrowly and rigidly controlled. Kathleen Jamieson argues that while the media in a democracy is a source of ... "
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Media and Propaganda in Times of War, 2005.
A paper describing the propaganda role the media has played in the past during times of war and the likelihood of it continuing to play that role during times of war in the present era.
3,025 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 378 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to investigate if the Western media would willingly co-operate as an instrument of propaganda in time of war by examining the attitude of the media in the recent conflicts such as those of Iraq, Yugoslavia and the Falklands. Various views presented in literature are considered along with the prominent opinions that have been presented in order to attempt to reach a conclusion.
Introduction
The Military and the Media in Times of War
Media Bias in Recent History of Wars
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The military denied permission to the media to accompany the Special Forces into Afghanistan and only 29 reporters were permitted to cover the Falkland conflict [Brown 2004]. The reporters covering the Falkland conflict became very friendly with the troops as a result of living together and sharing the facilities as well as the dangers and very favourable reports were presented to the audience even when things went wrong because they were 'our boys' fighting 'our enemies' and this is quite natural in any war [Seppala 2003]. Hence, the presence of 'neutral reports' in a war can do much to enhance the standard of reporting, but even these neutral reporters can be subjected to censorship, information manipulation and denial of cooperation. Even the neutral reporters will not be liked and believed by all. Enlightened generals do understand the requirements to have the media on their side because reporting on the conduct of war can influence key decisions about the war that are made by politicians [Boje 2002]."
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American Media and Foreign Policy, 2005.
This paper examines the American media's coverage of foreign policy issues and how it has changed over the course of a century.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper demonstrates through newspaper articles and television coverage that foreign policy has taken on a different aura in the past decade and whose future progression seems anything but predictable. This is apparent in an examination of current news articles and television coverage, and shows that foreign policy is covered in an entirely new light compared to recent decades.
From the Paper
"Domestic and foreign coverage by the media was strikingly similar during the years leading up to the beginning of the 21st century, with the media basically acting as a propaganda model for the government. However, with the rapid technology boom taking place in the past decade, the media has started to take on a much more proactive role in regards to foreign policy. As articulated by Mark Rozell in Media Power, Media Politics, "the speed, reach and intensity of media coverage of foreign policy are relatively new" (Rozell 235). Technology has advanced at a lightning pace, compared to the fact that the television was just invented in 1926. As the years progressed, technology kept providing new inventions that made it easier and quicker to transfer data over increasing distances. From the telegraph to the internet, data transfer soon came to be instantaneous, covering thousands of miles a second, and made easy as a click of a button."
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